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[null,null,"This Excel workbook contains the Evidence Map generated from heoro.com on\nIndirect costs in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis since 2000. "]
[]
[]
[null,null,"How this Evidence Map was generated"]
[null,null,null,"We searched the heoro.com database on 1 June 2017 with the following field settings:"]
[null,null,null,"Disease: Psoriasis OR Psoriatic arthritis AND Study type:  Costs and resource use studies: Indirect costs "]
[null,null,null,"The search identified a total of 57 abstracts published since 1960 which were  segmented with the following standard heoro.com fields:"]
[null,null,null,null,"Locations - these are the geographical location of the study. "]
[null,null,null,null,"Interventions - the interventions assessed in each study, where relevant."]
[null,null,null,null,"Disease - whether the study was in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis"]
[null,null,null,"In addition the following publication date segmentations are used:"]
[null,null,null,null,"1960 to 1999, 2000 to 2004, 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014, 2015 to 2017"]
[]
[null,null,"All data in this Evidence Map is taken from the heoro.com database"]
[]
[null,null,"Details of the PubMed search strategy used to populate the heoro.com database can be found here."]
[]
[null,null,"Contact us:"]
[null,null,"Address: Crystallise Ltd. Unit 21, Thames Enterpise Centre, Thames Industrial Park, East Tilbury, Essex, UK RM18 8RH"]
[null,null,"Tel: +44 (0)1375 488020"]
[null,null,"Email: heoro@crystallise.com"]

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[{"$f":"COUNT(A2:A1701)","v":57},"Full citation","DOI","Authors","Title","Abstract","Citation","Locations","Year","Diseases","Interventions","Type of PRO tool","PROtools","Subpopulations","Study types","Study methodologies","LocationsTags","SubpopulationsTags","DiseaseTags","InterventionsTags","StudytypesTags","StudyMethodologyTags","PROtoolTags","DateBand","C1","C2","C3","C4","C5"]
[1,"Isaacs JD,Cutolo M,Keystone EC,Park W,Braun J. Biosimilars in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: initial lessons from the first approved biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody. J Intern Med. 2016 Jan;279(1):41-59. doi: 10.1111/joim.12432.",null,"Isaacs JD,Cutolo M,Keystone EC,Park W,Braun J.","Biosimilars in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: initial lessons from the first approved biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody.","The introduction of targeted biological therapies has revolutionised the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis,ankylosing spondylitis,psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Following treatment with these therapies,many patients experience significant improvements in different aspects of their disease,including symptoms,work productivity and other outcomes relevant for individuals and society. However,due to the complexity of biological drug development and manufacturing processes,the costs of these therapies are relatively high. Indeed,the financial burden on healthcare systems due to biological therapies is considerable and lack of patient access to effective treatment remains a concern in many parts of the world. As many reference biological therapies have now reached or are near to patent expiry,a number of 'biosimilar' drugs have been developed for use in various clinical settings,and some of these drugs are already in use in several countries. While the potential pharmacoeconomic benefits of cost-effective biosimilars seem clear,several issues have been raised regarding,for example,the definition of biosimilarity and the validity of indication extrapolation,as well as the 'switchability' and relative immunogenicity of biosimilars and their reference drugs. In this review,these issues will be discussed with reference to CT-P13,a biosimilar of the anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody infliximab,which is approved in Europe and elsewhere for the treatment of various IMIDs. Other important issues,including those related to data collection during nonclinical and clinical development of biosimilars,are also discussed.\nTags","J Intern Med. 2016 Jan;279(1):41-59. ","UK",2016,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[2,"Schaefer CP,Cappelleri JC,Cheng R,Cole JC,Guenthner S,Fowler J,Johnson S,Mamolo C. Health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Oct;73(4):585-593.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.049.",null,"Schaefer CP,Cappelleri JC,Cheng R,Cole JC,Guenthner S,Fowler J,Johnson S,Mamolo C.","Health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in the United States.","Comprehensive studies on costs of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (MSPP) have not been conducted in the United States. We sought to evaluate current health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with MSPP in routine practice. A total of 200 adults seeking MSPP treatment enrolled in 9 US sites. Consented patients reported symptoms,treatment,lost productivity,and costs; 6-month retrospective chart review captured health care resource use and clinical characteristics. Costs were assigned to health care resource use and lost productivity using standard algorithms. Differences by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) group,based on PASI score (≤10,>10-≤20,>20) at enrollment,were evaluated. Analyses included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Most patients (79.5%) were prescribed 1 or more MSPP medications (mean: 1.5); 36.0% and 9.0% received self-administered biologics and systemic therapies,respectively. Mean number of nonprescription treatments was 12.3. Differences by PASI group were observed for overall work and activity impairment (P < .02). Six-month total MSPP direct costs per patient were $11,291; indirect costs were $2101 and differed across PASI groups (P = .0008). This study enrolled patients with MSPP actively seeking care. Despite treatment,a number of patients with MSPP continue to experience moderate to severe PASI scores,impaired functioning,and high costs suggesting a need for new treatment options."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Oct;73(4):585-593.e3.","USA",2015,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[3,"Giacomelli R,Gorla R,Trotta F,Tirri R,Grassi W,Bazzichi L,Galeazzi M,Matucci-Cerinic M,Scarpa R,Cantini F,Gerli R,Lapadula G,Sinigaglia L,Ferraccioli G,Olivieri I,Ruscitti P,Sarzi-Puttini P. Quality of life and unmet needs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: results from the multicentre,observational RAPSODIA study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 May;54(5):792-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu398.",null,"Giacomelli R,Gorla R,Trotta F,Tirri R,Grassi W,Bazzichi L,Galeazzi M,Matucci-Cerinic M,Scarpa R,Cantini F,Gerli R,Lapadula G,Sinigaglia L,Ferraccioli G,Olivieri I,Ruscitti P,Sarzi-Puttini P.","Quality of life and unmet needs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: results from the multicentre,observational RAPSODIA study.","The observational RAPSODIA (RA,PsA and spondylitis including AS) study was planned to assess,in patients with RA,AS and PsA,their involvement in medical decisions,quality of life and unmet needs 15 years after the introduction of biologic therapies in Italy. Patients completed a questionnaire during their scheduled rheumatology consultation. They rated their satisfaction with disease knowledge on a 5-point scale (1 = not at all satisfied,5 = totally satisfied). Self-efficacy,defined as judgement of one's own ability to achieve given levels of performance and exercise control over events,was measured using the pain subscale of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. Patients' global assessments of pain,fatigue and disease activity were recorded on 100 mm visual analogue scales (0 = best status,100 = worse status). Disease activity status was assessed using standard tools. Health status was measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Italian version of the HAQ. Ninety-eight per cent of patients reported that their health care practitioner used understandable terms to explain their condition. Joint issues and general symptoms (e.g. fatigue and malaise) were common. All measures of disease activity and self-efficacy scores were markedly better in patients receiving biologic vs conventional therapy. Biologic therapy recipients were more productive at work. These results confirm that some patients with rheumatic diseases are not satisfied with the level of information they receive about their treatments. Biologic therapy appears to be an important advance,with patients receiving this form of treatment having improved symptoms and productivity. However,patients still report unmet needs. Thus further research,and perhaps new and more effective therapies,along with better education and multidisciplinary collaboration,are required to improve outcomes.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 May;54(5):792-7.","Italy",2015,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[4,"Tillett W,Shaddick G,Askari A,Cooper A,Creamer P,Clunie G,Helliwell PS,Kay L,Korendowych E,Lane S,Packham J,Shaban R,Williamson L,McHugh N. Factors influencing work disability in psoriatic arthritis: first results from a large UK multicentre study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Jan;54(1):157-62. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu264.",null,"Tillett W,Shaddick G,Askari A,Cooper A,Creamer P,Clunie G,Helliwell PS,Kay L,Korendowych E,Lane S,Packham J,Shaban R,Williamson L,McHugh N","Factors influencing work disability in psoriatic arthritis: first results from a large UK multicentre study. ","The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which structural damage,clinical disease activity,demographic and social factors are associated with work disability (WD) in PsA. Four hundred patients fulfilling CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria for PsA were recruited from 23 hospitals across the UK. Demographic,socio-economic,work,clinical and radiographic data were collected. WD was assessed with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Specific Health Problem (WPAI-SHP) questionnaire reporting WD as a percentage of absenteeism (work time missed),presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced effectiveness) and work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism plus presenteeism). Logistic and linear regressions were conducted to investigate associations with WD. Two hundred and thirty-six participants of any age were in work. Absenteeism,presenteeism and productivity loss rates were 14% (s.d. 29.0),39% (s.d. 27.2) and 46% (s.d. 30.4),respectively. Ninety-two (26%) participants of working age were unemployed. Greater age,disease duration of 2-5 years and worse physical function were associated with unemployment. Patients reported that employer awareness and helpfulness exerted a strongly positive influence on remaining in employment. Higher levels of global and joint-specific disease activity and worse physical function were associated with greater levels of presenteeism and productivity loss among those who remained in work. Reduced effectiveness at work was associated with measures of disease activity,whereas unemployment,considered the endpoint of WD,was associated with employer factors,age and disease duration. A longitudinal study is under way to determine whether treatment to reduce disease activity ameliorates WD in the real-world setting.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Jan;54(1):157-62.","UK",2015,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[5,"Boggs RL,Kárpáti S,Li W,Williams T,Pedersen R,Mallbris L,Gniadecki R. Employment is maintained and sick days decreased in psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis patients with etanercept treatment. BMC Dermatol. 2014 Aug 5;14():14. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-14.",null,"Boggs RL,Kárpáti S,Li W,Williams T,Pedersen R,Mallbris L,Gniadecki R","Employment is maintained and sick days decreased in psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis patients with etanercept treatment.","Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) impair quality of life,including reduction in employment or job duties. The PRESTA (Psoriasis Randomized Etanercept STudy in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis) study,a randomized,double-blind,two-dose trial,examined the efficacy of etanercept treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and PsA and the main results have been presented previously. This analysis examined employment status,job duties and sick days,pre-defined endpoints in PRESTA,among this patient population. Participants (N=752) were randomized to receive etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW; n=379) or 50 mg once weekly (QW; n=373) for 12 weeks by subcutaneous injection. All participants then received open-label etanercept 50 mg QW for 12 additional weeks,while remaining blinded to the randomization. A pharmacoeconomic questionnaire was administered at baseline,week 12 and week 24 of treatment. The questionnaire included employment status and changing job responsibilities and sick time taken due to psoriasis or PsA. The statistical methods included analysis of covariance,t-test,Fisher's exact test and McNemar's test. Last-observation-carried-forward imputation was used for missing data. Employment was at least maintained from baseline to week 24 in both dose groups (56% [BIW/QW] and 60% [QW/QW] at baseline,61% and 60%,respectively,at week 24). Among employed participants,the proportion of patients whose job responsibilities changed due to PsA decreased significantly from baseline to week 24 (17-23% to 5-8%; p<0.01). Similar results were seen with job responsibility changes due to psoriasis (11-14% to 4%; p<0.01). The number of monthly sick days also decreased from baseline to week 24 (2.4 days for both treatment groups to 0.7 (BIW/QW) and 1.1 (QW/QW); p≤0.03 for each). No significant differences between the treatment groups were observed for any economic endpoint at any time point. For patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and PsA,etanercept treatment resulted in reducing job responsibility changes due to disease and in reducing sick time. Effective treatment of psoriasis and PsA may reduce missed work days."," BMC Dermatol. 2014 Aug 5;14():14.","USA",2014,"Psoriasis","Etanercept"]
[6,"Feldman SR,Burudpakdee C,Gala S,Nanavaty M,Mallya UG. The economic burden of psoriasis: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014 Oct;14(5):685-705. Doi: 10.1586/14737167.2014.933671.",null,"Feldman SR,Burudpakdee C,Gala S,Nanavaty M,Mallya UG."," The economic burden of psoriasis: a systematic literature review. ","Costs associated with psoriasis present a considerable economic burden. A previously published review was lacking comprehensive data on biologics. Therefore,a systematic literature review was performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic burden of psoriasis throughout the world. Studies published in the English language between January 2001 and May 2013 reporting the direct and indirect economic burden of psoriasis were identified from PubMed and conference proceedings. Thirty-five studies from 11 countries met the inclusion criteria. In 2004,the annual total cost (direct and indirect) in the USA alone was approximately US$1.40 billion. Among the European countries,the most recent studies reported an annual total cost per patient of €11,928 in Sweden,€8372 in Italy,€2866-6707 in Germany and CDN$7999 in Canada,based on treatment type. Costs associated with psoriasis are high in many countries,indicating a continued need for treatments that offer good value for money."," Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014 Oct;14(5):685-705. ","International",2014,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[7,"Osterhaus JT,Purcaru O. Discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jul 4;16(4):R140. doi: 10.1186/ar4602.",null,"Osterhaus JT,Purcaru O.","Discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity in patients with psoriatic arthritis.","The novel arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey (WPS) was developed to estimate patient productivity limitations associated with arthritis within and outside the home,which is an unmet need in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The WPS has been validated in rheumatoid arthritis. This report assesses the discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the WPS in adult-onset PsA. Psychometric properties were assessed using data from the RAPID-PsA trial (NCT01087788) investigating certolizumab pegol (CZP) efficacy and safety in PsA. WPS was completed at baseline and every 4 weeks until Week 24. Validity was evaluated at baseline via known-groups defined using first and third quartiles of patients' Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28(CRP)),Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI),Short Form-36 (SF-36) items and PsA Quality of Life (PsAQoL) scores. Responsiveness and reliability were assessed by comparing WPS mean changes at Week 12 in American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) or HAQ-DI Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) 0.3 responders versus non-responders,as well as using standardized response means (SRM). All comparisons were conducted on the observed cases in the Randomized Set,regardless of the randomization group,using a non-parametric bootstrap-t method. Compared with patients with a better health state,patients with a worse health state had on average 2 to 6 times more household work days lost,more days with reduced household productivity,more days missed of family/social/leisure activities,more days with outside help hired and a significantly higher interference of arthritis per month. Among employed patients,those with a worse health state had 2 to 4 times more workplace days lost,more days with patient workplace productivity reduced,and a significantly higher interference of arthritis on patient workplace productivity versus patients with a better health state. WPS was also responsive to clinical changes,with responders having significantly larger improvements at Week 12 in WPS scores versus non-responders. The effect sizes for changes in productivity in ACR20 or HAQ-DI MCID responders were moderate (0.5 < SRM < 0.8) or small. These analyses demonstrate the validity,responsiveness and reliability of the WPS,as an instrument for the measurement of patient productivity within and outside the home in an adult-onset PsA population.","Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jul 4;16(4):R140. ","Unknown",2014,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[8,"Cameron H,Yule S,Dawe RS,Ibbotson SH,Moseley H,Ferguson J. Review of an established UK home phototherapy service 1998-2011: improving access to a cost-effective treatment for chronic skin disease. Public Health. 2014 Apr;128(4):317-24. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.01.011.",null,"Cameron H,Yule S,Dawe RS,Ibbotson SH,Moseley H,Ferguson J."," Review of an established UK home phototherapy service 1998-2011: improving access to a cost-effective treatment for chronic skin disease. ","To review the Tayside home phototherapy service,including numbers of patients treated,diagnoses and outcomes,side-effects and safety,cost-effectiveness and absolute costs. To consider why home or outpatient phototherapy is not available to all patients who might benefit and how this could be addressed. Observational and cost analysis. Analysis of the Tayside home phototherapy database 1998 and 2011,home phototherapy patient questionnaires,outcome data,costs and a comparison with outpatient phototherapy. Review of literature and current national guidelines for phototherapy,traditional systemic and biologic therapies for psoriasis. 298 courses of home narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy were undertaken by 212 patients between 1998 and 2011,five courses in 1998 increasing to 36 in 2011. The main diagnoses treated were psoriasis (72%),atopic dermatitis (8%),and desensitization of photodermatosis (7%). For psoriasis,74.5% achieved clearance or minimal residual activity in a median of 30 exposures (range 10-60). The estimated costs to the hospital ranged from £229 to £314 per course (£307 to £422 per effective course for psoriasis),compared with £114 for out-patient therapy (£149 per effective course for psoriasis). The total cost to society (hospital and patient costs) is around £410 per course,compared to an estimated £550 for outpatient therapy for this group of patients. Treatment was well tolerated,erythema rates were similar to outpatient therapy,there were no complaints and the vast majority would choose home over outpatient phototherapy if required in the future. Hospital supervised home phototherapy appears as safe and effective as outpatient therapy and provides equality of access for patients who cannot attend for outpatient therapy. These patients may otherwise be inadequately treated or given more costly and higher risk systemic therapies,particularly for psoriasis. Commissioners and clinicians involved in dermatology services should provide accessible phototherapy for all patients who might benefit,utilizing home phototherapy where outpatient access is not possible.","Public Health. 2014 Apr;128(4):317-24. ","UK",2014,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy"]
[9,"Yentzer BA,Gustafson CJ,Feldman SR. Explicit and implicit copayments for phototherapy: examining the cost of commuting. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Jun 15;19(6):18563.",null,"Yentzer BA,Gustafson CJ,Feldman SR"," Explicit and implicit copayments for phototherapy: examining the cost of commuting.","Whereas phototherapy is a safe and cost-effective treatment modality for psoriasis,economic disincentives discourage its use,including both direct and indirect costs to the patient. To determine when it may be cost-effective for patients to purchase a home light unit versus driving to clinic for outpatient phototherapy sessions. Estimates of expenses associated with 3 months of outpatient phototherapy were determined and compared to the price of a home phototherapy unit. Factors examined included the cost of gasoline (based on the national average),fuel efficiency of the vehicle,cost of owning and operating a motor vehicle,lost wages,and copayments. The cost for a standard 6-bulb narrowband UVB home unit is approximately $2600. Direct and indirect expenses imposed on patients increase with distance travelled to the dermatologist. If a patient lives 20 or more miles away from the dermatologist,the expenses associated with travel can total more than the out of pocket expense of purchasing a home phototherapy unit. This small analysis only accounted for the first 3 months of treatment and likely underestimates the total costs that patients would experience over a lifetime of treatment. It may be beneficial for physicians to educate patients on the cost-burden of in-office versus home phototherapy because patients can use these parameters to determine which option would be more cost-effective for them."," Dermatol Online J. 2013 Jun 15;19(6):18563.","USA",2013,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy"]
[10,"Villacorta R,Hay JW,Messali A. Cost effectiveness of moderate to severe psoriasis therapy with etanercept and ustekinumab in the United States. Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Sep;31(9):823-39. doi: 10.1007/s40273-013-0078-x.",null,"Villacorta R,Hay JW,Messali A.","Cost effectiveness of moderate to severe psoriasis therapy with etanercept and ustekinumab in the United States.","Limited information is available on the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab and alternative biologic treatments in a United States (US) setting. Given the recent head-to-head clinical trial study of ustekinumab and etanercept,an economic model comparing the two treatments can be constructed. Etanercept and ustekinumab are indicated for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of ustekinumab,an anti-cytokine biologic,for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab compared with etanercept from a US societal perspective. A Markov model was constructed to simulate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained every 12 weeks over a base-case 3-year time horizon. A hypothetical patient cohort was based on the characteristics of the phase III Active Comparator Psoriasis Trial (ACCEPT). The main outcome measures were costs and QALYs,which were estimated from the US societal perspective. Costs,utilities,treatment strategy,and resource use estimates were obtained from relevant literature. All costs were adjusted to 2011 US dollars. A 3 % annual discount rate was applied to costs and QALYs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were in US dollars per QALY gained. For the base-case 3-year time horizon,the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing ustekinumab 90 mg with etanercept 50 mg was US$384,401 per QALY gained. Ustekinumab 45 mg dominates etanercept 50 mg for the same time horizon. These results were robust to sensitivity analyses involving treatment strategy,transition probabilities,valuing outcomes,and resource use and costs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests ustekinumab 90 mg has a minimal (4 %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$150,000 per QALY improvement. For the same threshold,ustekinumab 45 mg has a high (88 %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg. Under typical US willingness-to-pay cutoffs,ustekinumab 90 mg is not cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg therapy in moderate to severe psoriasis patients for the base-case 3-year time horizon. Ustekinumab 45 mg dominates etanercept 50 mg therapy for an equivalent patient psoriasis severity and time horizon.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Sep;31(9):823-39.","USA",2013,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept,Ustekinumab"]
[11,"Ariza-Ariza R,Hernández-Cruz B,Navarro-Compán V,Leyva Pardo C,Juanola X,Navarro-Sarabia F. A comparison of telephone and paper self-completed questionnaires of main patient-related outcome measures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Nov;33(11):2731-6. doi: 10.1007/s00296-013-2800-6.",null,"Ariza-Ariza R,Hernández-Cruz B,Navarro-Compán V,Leyva Pardo C,Juanola X,Navarro-Sarabia F. "," A comparison of telephone and paper self-completed questionnaires of main patient-related outcome measures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. ","A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the correlation between telephone and self-administration of patient-related outcomes (PROs) used in the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Participants underwent a telephone interview in which the following measures were evaluated: numerical rating scales (NRSs) for global health,pain intensity,global pain,back pain,and back pain at night; BASDI,BASFI,Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ),ASQoL,EuroQol,SF-12,and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. Within 48 h after the telephone interview,patients were appointed for a clinical visit in which the same questionnaires and in the same order were self-administered. The degree of correlation of outcomes measures between telephone interview and self-administration was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The two modes of assessing PROs were highly reliable,with ICC of 0.81 for BASDAI,0.82 for BASFI,and 0.75 for HAQ. NRSs for global health,global pain intensity,back pain,and back pain at night also showed ICCs between 0.51 and 0.70,and only NRS for global disease activity showed an ICC of 0.45. This results were similar in patients with AS and patients with psoriatic arthritis. Social functioning and mental health domains of the SF-12 as well as EuroQol had poor correlations. The ICCs for WPAI outcomes were very good or good. We conclude that PROs in AS patients are comparable in both self-administered paper questionnaires and via a telephone interview. Different modes of assessing PRO measures facilitate the assessment of patients with AS in routine practice.","Rheumatol Int. 2013 Nov;33(11):2731-6.","Spain",2013,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[12,"Kavanaugh A,McInnes IB,Krueger GG,Gladman D,Beutler A,Gathany T,Mack M,Tandon N,Han C,Mease P. Patient-reported outcomes and the association with clinical response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with golimumab: findings through 2 years of a phase III,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct;65(10):1666-73. doi: 10.1002/acr.22044.",null,"Kavanaugh A,McInnes IB,Krueger GG,Gladman D,Beutler A,Gathany T,Mack M,Tandon N,Han C,Mease P. ","Patient-reported outcomes and the association with clinical response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with golimumab: findings through 2 years of a phase III,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. ","To evaluate the effect of golimumab on physical function,health-related quality of life (HRQOL),and productivity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). GO-REVEAL was a multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled study. Adult patients with active PsA (n = 405) received golimumab (50 or 100 mg) or placebo every 4 weeks,with early escape at week 16 (placebo → 50 mg,50 → 100 mg) or placebo crossover to golimumab 50 mg at week 24. Patient-reported outcomes included physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] disability index [DI] score),HRQOL (36-item Short Form health survey [SF-36] mental component summary [MCS] and physical component summary [PCS] scores),and productivity (home/school/work). Clinical response was assessed using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level (DAS28-CRP) and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score for arthritis and skin symptoms,respectively. At week 24,golimumab-treated patients had significant mean improvements in HAQ DI (0.36),SF-36 (PCS 7.83,MCS 3.84),and productivity (2.24) scores compared with placebo (-0.01,0.67,-0.60,and 0.08,respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Also,greater proportions of golimumab- than placebo-treated patients had clinically meaningful improvements in HAQ DI (≥0.30) and SF-36 PCS and MCS (≥5) scores at week 24 (P < 0.05). Also at week 24,improvements in DAS28-CRP scores were significantly but moderately correlated with improvements in HAQ DI,SF-36 PCS,and productivity scores. Correlations between these patient-reported outcomes and improvements in PASI,enthesitis,and dactylitis scores were very weak. Improvements in HAQ DI,SF-36,and productivity scores were similar among all groups by week 52 and week 104 when including placebo → golimumab crossover patients. Golimumab-treated patients had significant improvements in physical function,HRQOL,and productivity through week 24; these improvements correlated with clinical improvement in signs and symptoms of peripheral arthritis and were sustained through 2 years.","Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct;65(10):1666-73.","USA",2013,"Psoriasis","Golimumab"]
[13,"Raho G,Koleva DM,Garattini L,Naldi L. The burden of moderate to severe psoriasis: an overview. Pharmacoeconomics. 2012 Nov 1;30(11):1005-13. doi: 10.2165/11591580-000000000-00000.",null,"Raho G,Koleva DM,Garattini L,Naldi L. "," The burden of moderate to severe psoriasis: an overview. ","Psoriasis is a chronic,immune-mediated skin disorder that affects 1-3% of the general population worldwide. While considered a non-life-threatening disease,psoriasis represents a social and financial burden for patients and the healthcare system. Individuals suffer from disfigurement and from social stigmatization. Because the disease is usually persistent,patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis usually need lifelong care,which also means a lifetime of expenses. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the evidence available concerning the social burden and costs of psoriasis. A search for the keywords 'quality of life' (QOL) or 'burden' or 'stigmatization' or 'psychological factors' in PubMed up to January 2010 yielded a total of 817 studies. QOL was affected by psoriasis to a degree comparable with diabetes or cancer. A search for 'cost-of-illness analyses',in the same period,yielded only seven papers satisfying entry criteria. All the studies but one were performed before biologics became available for psoriasis treatment. Direct costs were higher than indirect costs,with hospitalization representing the most significant item. Treatment costs showed wide variations between different studies. Reasons for these discrepancies are manifold including differences in the selection of the sample,as well as in the methods for calculating costs. There is a need to harmonize methodologies. For a final conclusive judgement of the cost effectiveness of innovative therapies such as biological agents,long-term economic consequences have to be evaluated and long-term remission rates and complications considered.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2012 Nov 1;30(11):1005-13.","International",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[14,"Bojke L,Spackman E,Hinde S,Helliwell P. Capturing all of the costs in NICE appraisals: the impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on productivity. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):210-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker348.",null,"Bojke L,Spackman E,Hinde S,Helliwell P.","Capturing all of the costs in NICE appraisals: the impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on productivity.","Inflammatory rheumatic diseases are common. It is estimated that ∼2.1% of the population has an inflammatory rheumatic disease (Andrianakos A,Trontzas P,Christoyannis F et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Greece: a cross-sectional population based epidemiological study. The ESORDIG Study. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1589-601). For diseases such as RA,PsA and AS,onset is most frequent between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on physical functioning can be significant. Patients can suffer from swollen joints that cause pain and disability. This can reduce sufferers' ability to lead fully productive lives. This has major financial consequences for sufferers and their families and there is an economic impact on society. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) technology appraisal process has typically ignored any improvements in productivity that may result from treatment. There have been calls to extend the perspective of economic evaluations to include productivity costs as one aspect of wider social effects. However,there are a number of issues that must be resolved before productivity costs can become a routine input into the calculation of cost-effectiveness of treatments. First,there is limited agreement regarding the practical details and appropriate methods for their inclusion in economic evaluation. Second,there are issues that must be addressed regarding society's preference for equity. This issue arises when considering individual's economic productivity,that is to say,how we weigh individuals who are more productive (e.g. those in employment) against those who are less so (e.g. the unemployed). Finally,it is important to consider cross-budgetary effects,since productivity has cost and benefit implications outside of health."," Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):210-5. ","UK",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[15,"Skare TL,Bortoluzzo AB,Gonçalves CR,Braga da Silva JA,Ximenes AC,Bértolo MB,Ribeiro SL,Keiserman M,Menin R,Carneiro S,Azevedo VF,Vieira WP,Albuquerque EN,Bianchi WA,Bonfiglioli R,Campanholo C,Carvalho HM,Costa IP,Duarte AP,Gavi MB,Kohem CL,Leite NH,Lima SA,Meirelles ES,Pereira IA,Pinheiro MM,Polito E,Resende GG,Rocha FA,Santiago MB,Sauma Mde F,Sampaio-Barros PD. Ethnic influence in clinical and functional measures of Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;39(1):141-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110372.",null,"Skare TL,Bortoluzzo AB,Gonçalves CR,Braga da Silva JA,Ximenes AC,Bértolo MB,Ribeiro SL,Keiserman M,Menin R,Carneiro S,Azevedo VF,Vieira WP,Albuquerque EN,Bianchi WA,Bonfiglioli R,Campanholo C,Carvalho HM,Costa IP,Duarte AP,Gavi MB,Kohem CL,Leite NH,Lima SA,Meirelles ES,Pereira IA,Pinheiro MM,Polito E,Resende GG,Rocha FA,Santiago MB,Sauma Mde F,Sampaio-Barros PD."," Ethnic influence in clinical and functional measures of Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis.","Spondyloarthritides (SpA) can present different disease spectra according to ethnic background. The Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE) is a nationwide registry that comprises a large databank on clinical,functional,and treatment data on Brazilian patients with SpA. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of ethnic background in SpA disease patterns in a large series of Brazilian patients. A common protocol of investigation was prospectively applied to 1318 SpA patients in 29 centers distributed through the main geographical regions in Brazil. The group comprised whites (65%),African Brazilians (31.3%),and people of mixed origins (3.7%). Clinical and demographic variables and various disease index scores were compiled. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was the most frequent disease in the group (65.1%); others were psoriatic arthritis (18.3%),undifferentiated SpA (6.8%),enteropathic arthritis (3.7%),and reactive arthritis (3.4%). White patients were significantly associated with psoriasis (p = 0.002),positive HLA-B27 (p = 0.014),and use of corticosteroids (p < 0.0001). Hip involvement (p = 0.02),axial inflammatory pain (p = 0.04),and radiographic sacroiliitis (p = 0.025) were associated with African Brazilian descent. Sex distribution,family history,and presence of peripheral arthritis,uveitis,dactylitis,urethritis,and inflammatory bowel disease were similar in the 3 groups,as well as age at disease onset,time from first symptom until diagnosis,and use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents (p > 0.05). Schober test and thoracic expansion were similar in the 3 groups,whereas African Brazilians had higher Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Scores (p = 0.005) and decreased lateral lumbar flexion (p = 0.003),while whites had a higher occiput-to-wall distance (p = 0.02). African Brazilians reported a worse patient global assessment of disease (p = 0.011). Other index scores and prevalence of work incapacity were similar in the 3 groups,although African Brazilians had worse performance in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire (p < 0.001). Ethnic background is associated with distinct clinical aspects of SpA in Brazilian patients. African Brazilian patients with SpA have a poorer quality of life and report worse disease compared to whites.","J Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;39(1):141-7.","Brazil",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[16,"Tayel MY,Soliman E,El Baz WF,El Labaan A,Hamaad Y,Ahmed MH. Registry of the clinical characteristics of spondyloarthritis in a cohort of Egyptian population. Rheumatol Int. 2012 Sep;32(9):2837-42. doi: 10.1007/s00296-011-2068-7.",null,"Tayel MY,Soliman E,El Baz WF,El Labaan A,Hamaad Y,Ahmed MH.","Registry of the clinical characteristics of spondyloarthritis in a cohort of Egyptian population.","The aim of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic features,as well as disease activity and functional status,treatment use,and quality of life in a cohort of Egyptian population. All are measured by standard instruments. This is a descriptive multicenter; cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpAs) diagnosed according to the European spondyloarthritis study group criteria. Four Egyptian centers participated (one from the Upper Egypt,one from the Delta,and two from the West Coast),all adopted the same criteria for patient assessment,and data were collected in the same data base over a 12-month duration. A total of 75 patients were included in the study. The series consisted of 34 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients (64%),23 patients with psoriatic arthritis (45.3%),15 patients with Juvenile onset AS (18.7%),2 patients with reactive arthritis (2.7%),and one with inflammatory bowel disease-related arthritis (1.3%). There was predominance of male patients (84%). All were Caucasians; 13% from the Upper Egypt,and 87% from the Delta and West coast Egypt. Their mean age was 37.44 ± 12.8 years; mean disease duration was 11.85 ± 9.27 years. Pure axial disease was reported by 24% of the patients,and pure peripheral involvement was observed in 4%,while the mixed pattern (axial,peripheral,and entheseal) was observed in 34%. Dactylitis was detected in 9.3%,tarsitis in 8%,and enthesitis in 29.3%. The most common extra-articular manifestation was anterior uveitis,reported by 5.3% of patients. Human leukocytic antigen B27 (HLA-B27) was positive in 58.7% of the tested patients (n = 29). Mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease activity Index (BASDAI) score was 4.16 ± 2.12,of which 22 patients had a score more than 4; mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index 5.12 ± 2.40,mean BASMI 4.17 ± 2.95,mean BAS-GI 5.92 ± 2.00,and mean Health assessment questionnaire 1.10 ± 0.65. In addition,patients with AS showed a higher incapacity for work,felt more pain and presented more axial affection than others. The most utilized treatments were the conventional drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,followed by sulfasalazine (50%),methotrexate (14%),and steroids (6%). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors were received by 7 patients (14%),mostly in the form of Infliximab (85.7%) and were used by only 38.7% of patients with BASDAI of 4 or more. This registry provides the first clinical and demographic data of SpA patients in Egypt upon which a large-scale database registration can be initiated. The most frequently diagnosed SpA in Egyptian patients was AS,with mainly combined axial and peripheral involvement. The clinical spectrum of SpAs seen among Egyptians is similar to most other registries; however,Egyptian AS patients showed some differences in the clinical manifestations. The low frequency of HLA-B27 and the clinical variations in AS may be due to different genetic and/or environmental factors in Egypt."," Rheumatol Int. 2012 Sep;32(9):2837-42. ","Egypt",2012,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[17,"Parsi K,Chambers CJ,Armstrong AW. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a patient-centered care model for management of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):563-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.022.",null,"Parsi K,Chambers CJ,Armstrong AW. ","Cost-effectiveness analysis of a patient-centered care model for management of psoriasis.","Cost-effectiveness analyses help policymakers make informed decisions regarding funding allocation of health care resources. Cost-effectiveness analysis of technology-enabled models of health care delivery is necessary to assess sustainability of novel online,patient-centered health care models. We sought to compare cost-effectiveness of conventional in-office care with a patient-centered,online model for follow-up treatment of patients with psoriasis. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective on a randomized controlled trial comparing a patient-centered online model with in-office visits for treatment of patients with psoriasis during a 24-week period. Quality-adjusted life expectancy was calculated using the life table method. Costs were generated from the original study parameters and national averages for salaries and services. No significant difference existed in the mean change in Dermatology Life Quality Index scores between the two groups (online: 3.51 ± 4.48 and in-office: 3.88 ± 6.65,P value = .79). Mean improvement in quality-adjusted life expectancy was not significantly different between the groups (P value = .93),with a gain of 0.447 ± 0.48 quality-adjusted life years for the online group and a gain of 0.463 ± 0.815 quality-adjusted life years for the in-office group. The cost of follow-up psoriasis care with online visits was 1.7 times less than the cost of in-person visits ($315 vs $576). Variations in travel time existed among patients depending on their distance from the dermatologist's office. From a societal perspective,the patient-centered online care model appears to be cost saving,while maintaining similar effectiveness to standard in-office care."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):563-70.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Various"]
[18,"Amirnia M,Khodaeiani E,Fouladi RF,Hashemi A. Topical steroids versus PUVA therapy in moderate plaque psoriasis: a clinical trial along with cost analysis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2012 Apr;23(2):109-11. Doi: 10.3109/09546634.2010.519017.",null,"Amirnia M,Khodaeiani E,Fouladi RF,Hashemi A."," Topical steroids versus PUVA therapy in moderate plaque psoriasis: a clinical trial along with cost analysis.","Psoriasis is a common chronic disease. It is estimated that between US$1.6 billion and US$3.2 billion is spent per year to treat psoriasis. To compare psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) therapy with topical steroids in moderate plaque psoriasis. In this randomized,clinical trial with cost analysis,88 patients with moderate plaque psoriasis were recruited in two equal groups to receive either PUVA therapy or topical steroids. The induction phase was applied for 4 months and the patients were followed-up for another 3 months,while the maintenance therapy continued. Outcome,direct cost (related to medications,phototherapy,laboratory tests,and medical consultation),indirect cost (related to transportation and other extra expenditures) and total cost (direct plus indirect costs) were compared between the two groups. The outcome was equally satisfactory in both groups. The indirect cost was significantly higher in the PUVA group,while the direct and total costs as well as the patients' satisfaction rate were comparable. Recurrence was significantly more frequent in the topical group. Although both PUVA therapy and topical steroids are equally efficient and cost-effective in moderate plaque psoriasis,the recurrence rate is higher in the latter group."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2012 Apr;23(2):109-11.","Iran",2012,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Corticosteroids"]
[19,"Freeman K. The two-compound formulation of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate for treatment of moderately severe body and scalp psoriasis - an introduction. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jan;27(1):197-203. Doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.540985.",null,"Freeman K."," The two-compound formulation of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate for treatment of moderately severe body and scalp psoriasis - an introduction.","Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease and many patients require lifelong treatment. Characteristic scaly,itchy,unsightly psoriatic lesions affect many body areas and most patients commonly experience scalp involvement. The cosmetic embarrassment of visible body lesions,inaccessibility of scalp skin to application of therapies and proximity of sensitive facial skin add to the challenges of most patients managing their psoriasis long term. Psoriasis can severely impact patients' quality of life. This can impact significantly on the patient. In economic terms patients may incur increased out-of-pocket expenditure or extended time away from work as a direct consequence of psoriasis,particularly in severe cases; In many countries,specialist review of patients provides pressures on hard-pressed services and the costs of psoriasis care are substantial,particularly in patients with severe recalcitrant psoriasis which may require lengthy inpatient admission. Around 80% of patients with psoriasis have mild to moderately severe disease and the majority are treated with topical medicines by their physician in primary care. Despite the availability of a wide range of treatment options,regimens have been unsatisfactory,associated with patient dissatisfaction,poor compliance and often safety concerns with long-term use. Evidence-based clinical guidelines aim to improve healthcare of patients and while there are such guidelines for psoriasis,to date the challenges of (and recommendations for) managing scalp psoriasis are often limited or missing from these treatment guidelines. In the following in-journal supplement,a connected suite of five papers focus on the use of topical therapies for the treatment of the person afflicted with psoriasis. This work harnesses robust evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of topical therapies commonly used in psoriasis patients and translates this into recommendations for the most appropriate treatment of patients with body or scalp psoriasis,from an efficacy,safety and cost-effectiveness perspective. Based upon systematic review and harnessing 'state of the art' evidence assessment methodologies,the modelling work suggests that the use of a two-compound formulation (TCF) product of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate is the most appropriate treatment option for both body and scalp psoriasis. This Editorial acknowledges the results of any modelling exercise have limitations; indeed such limitations are acknowledged in each modelling contribution in this issue. With these caveats in mind,this introductory paper considers the implications of this research and distillation of the evidence. This work should guide cost-effective treatment choices for body and scalp psoriasis,assist in recommendations for management of scalp psoriasis in future iterations of psoriasis clinical guidelines and help primary care physicians striving to attain best outcomes in the care of the person with psoriasis.","Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jan;27(1):197-203.","Unknown",2011,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids"]
[20,"Koek MB,Sigurdsson V,van Weelden H,Steegmans PH,Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA,Buskens E. Cost effectiveness of home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (PLUTO study). BMJ. 2010 Apr 20;340():c1490.",null,"Koek MB,Sigurdsson V,van Weelden H,Steegmans PH,Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA,Buskens E."," Cost effectiveness of home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (PLUTO study).","To assess the costs and cost effectiveness of phototherapy with ultraviolet B light provided at home compared with outpatient ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis. Cost utility,cost effectiveness,and cost minimisation analyses performed alongside a pragmatic randomised clinical trial (the PLUTO study) at the end of phototherapy (mean 17.6 weeks) and at one year after the end of phototherapy (mean 68.4 weeks). Secondary care,provided by a dermatologist in the Netherlands. 196 adults with psoriasis who were clinically eligible for narrowband (TL-01) ultraviolet B phototherapy were recruited from the dermatology departments of 14 hospitals and were followed until the end of phototherapy. From the end of phototherapy onwards,follow-up was continued for an unselected,consecutive group of 105 patients for one year after end of phototherapy. Ultraviolet B phototherapy provided at home (intervention) and conventional outpatient ultraviolet B phototherapy (control) in a setting reflecting routine practice in the Netherlands. Both treatments used narrowband ultraviolet B lamps (TL-01). Total costs to society,quality adjusted life years (QALYs) as calculated using utilities measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire,and the number of days with a relevant treatment effect (>/=50% improvement of the baseline self administered psoriasis area and severity index (SAPASI)). Home phototherapy is at least as effective and safe as outpatient phototherapy,therefore allowing cost minimisation analyses (simply comparing costs). The average total costs by the end of phototherapy were euro800 for home treatment and euro752 for outpatient treatment,showing an incremental cost per patient of euro48 (95% CI euro-77 to euro174). The average total costs by one year after the end of phototherapy were euro1272 and euro1148 respectively (difference euro124,95% CI euro-155 to euro403). Cost utility analyses revealed that patients experienced equal health benefits-that is,a gain of 0.296 versus 0.291 QALY (home v outpatient) by the end of phototherapy (difference 0.0052,-0.0244 to 0.0348) and 1.153 versus 1.126 QALY by one year after the end of phototherapy (difference 0.0267,-0.024 to 0.078). Incremental costs per QALY gained were euro9276 and euro4646 respectively,both amounts well below the normally accepted standard of euro20 000 per QALY. Cost effectiveness analyses indicated that the mean number of days with a relevant treatment effect was 42.4 versus 55.3 by the end of phototherapy (difference -12.9,-23.4 to -2.4). By one year after the end of phototherapy the number of days with a relevant treatment effect were 216.5 and 210.4 respectively (6.1,-41.1 to 53.2),yielding an incremental cost of euro20 per additional day with a relevant treatment effect. Home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis is not more expensive than phototherapy in an outpatient setting and proved to be cost effective. As both treatments are at least equally effective and patients express a preference for home treatment,the authors conclude that home phototherapy should be the primary treatment option for patients who are eligible for phototherapy with ultraviolet B light. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83025173 and Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00150930.","BMJ. 2010 Apr 20;340():c1490.","Netherlands",2010,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy"]
[21,"Kimball AB,Jacobson C,Weiss S,Vreeland MG,Wu Y. The psychosocial burden of psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(6):383-92.",null,"Kimball AB,Jacobson C,Weiss S,Vreeland MG,Wu Y"," The psychosocial burden of psoriasis.","Skin diseases such as psoriasis can profoundly influence a patient's self-image,self-esteem,and sense of well-being. Psoriasis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition with a disease burden that extends beyond the physical symptoms experienced by patients. Psoriasis affects all aspects of quality of life,including physical,psychologic,social,sexual,and occupational elements. The goal of this article was to review the published literature on the impact of psoriasis on quality of life. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE,EMBASE,and the Derwent Drug File databases of English-language articles published between 1993 and 2005 using the terms psoriasis in combination with quality of life,cost,cost-benefit analysis,economic,employment,days lost,healthcare,hospitalization,managed care,outcomes research,occupation,payers,and psychosocial. The reference lists of identified articles were checked for additional studies that might have been missed in the original searches. Data suggest that social stigmatization,high stress levels,physical limitations,depression,employment problems and other psychosocial co-morbidities experienced by patients with psoriasis are not always proportional to,or predicted by,other measurements of disease severity such as body surface area involvement or plaque severity. It is essential to include measures of psychosocial morbidity when assessing psoriasis severity and treatment efficacy because of the substantial role that psychosocial burden plays in patient perception of disease severity,quality of life,and disease course.","Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(6):383-92.","International",2005,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[22,"de Rie MA,de Hoop D,Jönsson L,Bakkers EJ,Sørensen M. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of calcipotriol (Daivonex/Dovonex) and UVB phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis: a Markov model for The Netherlands. Dermatology. 2001;202(1):38-43. doi: 51583.",null,"de Rie MA,de Hoop D,Jönsson L,Bakkers EJ,Sørensen M. ","Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of calcipotriol (Daivonex/Dovonex) and UVB phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis: a Markov model for The Netherlands.","The high prevalence and chronic nature of psoriasis leads to high costs in relation to the treatment and control of the disease. A number of clinical trials have shown that a combination therapy of calcipotriol cream (Daivonex/Dovonex),Leo Pharmaceutical Products) and ultraviolet B phototherapy (UVB) decreases the total number of UVB exposures required compared to UVB treatment alone. From a societal point of view,the addition of calcipotriol to UVB therapy could achieve cost savings due to the fewer UVB treatments needed and the reduced travelling and time off work for patients. Fewer UVB exposures may also have other beneficial effects,i.e.,shortened waiting lists and less risk to patients of developing cancer or photoaging of the skin. To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating psoriatic patients in the Netherlands with calcipotriol cream used daily combined with twice weekly UVB treatments to emollient used daily combined with UVB given 3 times weekly. Based on the clinical results from a Canadian trial,a decision-analytical model was constructed to simulate treatment outcomes and estimate the costs of managing psoriatic patients in the Netherlands over a period of 20 weeks from initiation of therapy. Unit costs and details of standard treatment protocols were collected from Dutch dermatology centres in hospitals and the community for use in the model. Other therapies,such as topical corticosteroids,tar or dithranol were not investigated in this analysis. The total cost of managing psoriatic patients in the Netherlands over a 20-week period is estimated as EUR 1,175.90 for those treated with calcipotriol and UVB and EUR 1,212.14 for patients treated with emollient and UVB. Thus,the former treatment,adding calcipotriol to UVB phototherapy,provides a minor cost saving of EUR 36.24 (3%) compared to the cost of UVB treatment alone. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that these results are sensitive to changes in the cost of UVB treatment. Calcipotriol treatment combined with UVB phototherapy is a cost-neutral alternative to UVB phototherapy used with an emollient. The patients achieve treatment success in the same time on both treatments but the former,with calcipotriol,requires less exposure to UVB radiation. The additional drug costs from using calcipotriol are offset by savings from the fewer UVB sessions required. Essential beneficial effects for patients are less inconvenience,less risk of developing photoaging of the skin and less exposure to potentially carcinogenic radiations.","Dermatology. 2001;202(1):38-43.","Netherlands",2001,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Calcipotriol"]
[23,"Feldman SR,Fleischer AB Jr,Reboussin DM,Rapp SR,Bradham DD,Exum ML,Clark AR. The economic impact of psoriasis increases with psoriasis severity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Oct;37(4):564-9.",null,"Feldman SR,Fleischer AB Jr,Reboussin DM,Rapp SR,Bradham DD,Exum ML,Clark AR"," The economic impact of psoriasis increases with psoriasis severity.","Psoriasis treatments are known to be costly,but little is known about the financial impact of psoriasis and the way in which it relates to the severity of the disease. This study was performed to obtain an estimate of the treatment costs faced by patients with psoriasis. A total of 578 anonymous mail surveys were distributed to patients with psoriasis; 318 surveys were returned (55%). Psoriasis severity was assessed with the previously validated Self-Administered Psoriasis Area Severity Index (SAPASI). The total and out-of-pocket expenses to care for psoriasis were correlated with psoriasis severity (r = 0.26,p = 0.0001). There were no sex (p = 0.9) or racial (p = 0.4) differences in total expenditures. Severity was correlated with how bothersome to the patient was the cost of treatment (r = 0.30,p = 0.0001),the time required for treatment (r = 0.38,p = 0.0001),and the time lost from work (r = 0.23,p = 0.0001). Lower quality of life at work and in money matters also correlated with severity of psoriasis. Higher family income was associated with less time spent caring for psoriasis and less interference with work around the home. As expected,the expenses caring for psoriasis are greater for patients with more severe disease. These costs and other financial implications are associated with lower quality of life for patients with more severe psoriasis."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Oct;37(4):564-9.","USA",1997,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[24,"Blauvelt A,Reich K,Tsai TF,Tyring S,Vanaclocha F,Kingo K,Ziv M,Pinter A,Vender R,Hugot S,You R,Milutinovic M,Thaçi D. Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: Results from the CLEAR study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):60-69.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.08.008.",null,"Blauvelt A,Reich K,Tsai TF,Tyring S,Vanaclocha F,Kingo K,Ziv M,Pinter A,Vender R,Hugot S,You R,Milutinovic M,Thaçi D. "," Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: Results from the CLEAR study.","Secukinumab demonstrated superior efficacy to ustekinumab at week 4 and week 16 of the CLEAR study,with comparable safety,in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. To compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab and ustekinumab use over 52 weeks. Analysis of 52-week data from CLEAR,a randomized,double-blind,phase 3b study. Among 676 randomized subjects,secukinumab demonstrated superiority to ustekinumab at week 52 in the proportion of subjects with ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) (76% vs 61% [P < .0001]); PASI 100 responses were 46% versus 36% (P = .0103) and Investigator's Global Assessment responses of clear/almost clear skin were 80% versus 65% (P < .0001). Subjects on secukinumab reported greater reductions in psoriasis-related pain,itching,and scaling,and greater improvement across all quality-of-life measures evaluated (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI],EuroQoL 5-Dimension Health Questionnaire,Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-Psoriasis,and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index). At week 52,72% of subjects on secukinumab versus 59% on ustekinumab (P = .0008) reported no impact of skin disease on their lives (DLQI 0/1 response). Safety and tolerability was comparable. There was no placebo arm. In this head-to-head,double-blind study,secukinumab demonstrated sustained superior efficacy in comparison with ustekinumab in clearing skin through week 52,greater improvement in quality of life,and a favorable and comparable safety profile."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):60-69.e9.","USA",2017,"Psoriasis","Secukinumab,Ustekinumab"]
[25,"Gutknecht M,Krensel M,Augustin M. Health economic analyses of psoriasis management: a systematic literature search. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 Nov;308(9):601-616. doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1673-4.",null,"Gutknecht M,Krensel M,Augustin M. ","Health economic analyses of psoriasis management: a systematic literature search.","In the course of the chronic skin disease psoriasis,where a variety of treatment interventions is available,a strong growth of health economic studies comparing treatment costs and benefits can be noticed. The objective was to identify health economic evaluations of psoriasis treatments that have been published to date. Of particular interest were the mostly used analysis and outcome parameters,the compared treatments,and the question,if available health economic studies may be used to perform a meta-analysis of qualitative findings. A systematic literature search using PubMed Medline,Ovid Medline,and Cochrane Library was performed for articles,published and available until mid of January 2016. Among the key words were the terms \"psoriasis\" and \"cost-effectiveness\". The search resulted in 318 articles without duplicates. Thereof 60 health economic analyses in psoriasis management were identified. Most of these are cost-effectiveness evaluations (45). The clinical parameter PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) is the most often used cost-effectiveness outcome (33) followed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (6). In case of cost-utility analyses,QALYs (quality-adjusted life-years) were mostly generated with the help of EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) (12),which was partly based on PASI and DLQI values. The majority of health economic studies is focusing on the direct medical and non-medical costs without consideration of productivity losses. Almost 70 % of 60 publications were conducted in Europe. Overall,most considered systemic treatments were the biological agents etanercept (36),adalimumab (27),and infliximab (26) followed by ustekinumab (17) and phototherapy (incl. UV-B,PUVA/psoralen combined with UV-A) (14). Comparisons including only topical treatments mostly focused on vitamin D treatment (14),corticosteroids (13),and coal tar products (6) followed by dithranol (5) and tazarotene (4). Given the setting,compared treatments,and study conditions,different results can be found for medical decision-making. Thereby,it can be noted that there are no standards on methods and outcomes measures available. This leads to a very limited comparability of health economic studies and presents no comfortable basis to examine a meta-analysis of health economic results. The presented systematic review shows the need for nationwide data and interpretation."," Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 Nov;308(9):601-616. ","International",2016,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Coal tar,Dithranol,Tazarotene,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab"]
[26,"Beroukhim K,Danesh M,Nguyen C,Farahnik B,Levin E,Leon A,Koo J. A prospective,interventional assessment of the impact of ustekinumab treatment on psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016 Nov;27(6):552-555. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2016.1165339.",null,"Beroukhim K,Danesh M,Nguyen C,Farahnik B,Levin E,Leon A,Koo J.","A prospective,interventional assessment of the impact of ustekinumab treatment on psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairment.","The negative impact of psoriasis on quality of life is well documented. Psoriasis is also associated with impairments in work productivity and daily activities. This study was conducted to prospectively measure the impact of ustekinumab treatment on work productivity and daily activity impairments due to psoriasis,using the Work Productivity and Activity Index: Psoriasis instrument. Thirty-two patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis received 36 weeks of ustekinumab and were followed every 4 weeks. During each visit,patients were evaluated using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index and Work Productivity and Activity Index: Psoriasis instrument. Thirty-two patients completed the study. There was no change in unemployment rate after treatment. Twenty-two patients who were employed at both baseline and week 36 experienced a significant decrease in total work productivity impairment,presenteeism and a non-significant decrease in absenteeism. All patients demonstrated significant reduction in total activity impairment. This study was limited by the lack of a placebo group and a small sample size. This study demonstrates the benefits of ustekinumab treatment in terms of reducing psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairments among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2016 Nov;27(6):552-555.","USA",2016,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab"]
[27,"Küster D,Nast A,Gerdes S,Weberschock T,Wozel G,Gutknecht M,Schmitt J. Cost-effectiveness of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the German health care setting. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 May;308(4):249-61. doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1634-y.",null,"Küster D,Nast A,Gerdes S,Weberschock T,Wozel G,Gutknecht M,Schmitt J.","Cost-effectiveness of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the German health care setting.","Systemic treatments of moderate-to-severe psoriasis differ substantially in terms of effectiveness and costs. Comprehensive economic-evaluations of all systemic treatments for psoriasis from a societal perspective are missing. The objective of our study was to compare the cost-effectiveness all systemic treatments approved for moderate-to-severe psoriasis from a societal perspective,by including all cost categories. An incremental cost-effectiveness-analysis was performed for all systemic treatments for psoriasis,currently recommended by the German S3-Guideline i.e. methotrexate,cyclosporine,fumaric acid esters,and retinoids,adalimumab,etanercept,infliximab and ustekinumab. We used a Markov model with time-dependent transition probabilities and a time horizon of 2 years to investigate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Both direct and indirect costs were considered to reflect the societal perspective. Effectiveness outcome was PASI-75 response. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored the effect of treatment duration,discount rate,effectiveness,and the perspective (societal vs. healthcare system) on the findings. According to the base-case analysis a cost-effective treatment pathway for moderate-to-severe psoriasis starts with methotrexate,followed by ustekinumab 90 mg and infliximab,if methotrexate does not achieve or maintain PASI-75 response. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the general robustness of these findings with methotrexate being most cost-effective. However,from a third-party-payer perspective (without indirect cost) conventional therapies were generally more cost-effective than biologics. From a value-based healthcare perspective,methotrexate should be the systemic treatment of first choice,ustekinumab 90 mg second choice and infliximab third choice for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. From a societal perspective,the other treatments are less efficient according to our model. From a third-party-payer perspective conventional therapies are more cost-effective than biologics.","Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 May;308(4):249-61.","Germany",2016,"Psoriatic arthritis","Cyclosporine,Fumaric acid,Methotrexate,Retinoids,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab,Ustekinumab"]
[28,"Olivieri I,Cortesi PA,de Portu S,Salvarani C,Cauli A,Lubrano E,Spadaro A,Cantini F,Ciampichini R,Cutro MS,Mathieu A,Matucci-Cerinic M,Punzi L,Scarpa R,Mantovani LG,PACE Working Group. Long-term costs and outcomes in psoriatic arthritis patients not responding to conventional therapy treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: the extension of the Psoriatic Arthritis Cost Evaluation (PACE) study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;34(1):68-75.",null,"Olivieri I,Cortesi PA,de Portu S,Salvarani C,Cauli A,Lubrano E,Spadaro A,Cantini F,Ciampichini R,Cutro MS,Mathieu A,Matucci-Cerinic M,Punzi L,Scarpa R,Mantovani LG,PACE Working Group"," Long-term costs and outcomes in psoriatic arthritis patients not responding to conventional therapy treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: the extension of the Psoriatic Arthritis Cost Evaluation (PACE) study.","Poor information on long-term outcomes and costs on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are available. Our aim was to evaluate long-term costs and benefits of TNF- inhibitors in PsA patients with inadequate response to conventional treatment with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARDs). Fifty-five out of 107 enrolled patients included in the study at one year,completed the 5-year follow-up period. These patients were enrolled in 8 of 9 centres included in the study at one year. Patients aged older than 18 years,with different forms of PsA and failure or intolerance to tDMARDs therapy were treated with anti-TNF agents. Information on resource use,health-related quality of life (HRQoL),disease activity,function and laboratory values were collected at baseline and through the 5 years of therapy. Costs (expressed in Euro 2011) and utility (measured by EQ-5D instrument) before TNF inhibitor therapy and after 1 and 5 years were compared. The majority of patients (46 out of 55; 83.6%) had a predominant or exclusive peripheral arthritis and 16.4% had predominant or exclusive axial involvement. There was a statistically significant improvement of the most important clinical variables after 1 year of follow-up. These improvements were maintained also after 5 years. The direct costs increased by approximately €800 per patient-month after 1 year,the indirect costs decreased by €100 and the overall costs increased by more than €700 per patient-month due to the cost of TNF inhibitor therapy. Costs at 5 year were similar to the costs at 1 year. The HRQoL parameters showed the same trends of the clinical variables. EQ-5D VAS,EQ-5D utility and SF-36 PCS score showed a significant improvement after 1 year,maintained at 5 years. SF-36 MCS showed an improvement only at 5 years. The results of our study suggest that TNF blockers have long-term efficacy. The higher cost of TNF inhibitor therapy was balanced by a significant improvement of HRQoL,stable at 5 years of follow-up. Our results need to be confirmed in larger samples of patients."," Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;34(1):68-75.","Italy",2016,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy"]
[29,"Rouse NC,Farhangian ME,Wehausen B,Feldman SR. The cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(6):877-84. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2015.1102634.",null,"Rouse NC,Farhangian ME,Wehausen B,Feldman SR.","The cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. ","Given its chronicity and impact on quality of life,psoriasis is a costly disease. As new and better treatments are developed,the cost of treating psoriasis has risen. In this drug profile,the authors discuss ustekinumab,its pharmacokinetics,safety profile,and direct and indirect costs to determine its cost-efficacy. The authors searched PubMed with specific search phrases for clinical trials investigating this issue over 5 years. Eleven articles analyzed cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab,and the references of these articles were included. Studies limited to 12 weeks reported that ustekinumab may not be cost-effective as it has high cost per injection and is costly when loading doses are required. Studies that went beyond 12 weeks documented that,with ustekinumab's infrequent dosing,it is cost-effective during the maintenance period.","Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(6):877-84.","International",2015,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab"]
[30,"Polistena B,Calzavara-Pinton P,Altomare G,Berardesca E,Girolomoni G,Martini P,Peserico A,Puglisi Guerra A,Spandonaro F,Vena Gino A,Chimenti S,Ayala F. The impact of biologic therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis from a societal perspective: an analysis based on Italian actual clinical practice. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Dec;29(12):2411-6. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13307",null,"Polistena B,Calzavara-Pinton P,Altomare G,Berardesca E,Girolomoni G,Martini P,Peserico A,Puglisi Guerra A,Spandonaro F,Vena Gino A,Chimenti S,Ayala F.","The impact of biologic therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis from a societal perspective: an analysis based on Italian actual clinical practice.","Psoriasis is one of the most common forms of chronic dermatitis,affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population. It has a serious effect on the way patients perceive themselves and others,thereby prejudicing their quality of life and giving rise to a significant deterioration in their psycho-physical well-being; it also poses greater difficulties for them in leading a normal social life,including their ability to conduct a normal working life. All the above-mentioned issues imply a cost for the society. This study proposes to evaluate the impact on societal costs for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis with biologics (etanercept,infliximab and adalimumab) in the Italian clinical practice. A prospective observational study has been conducted in 12 specialized centres of the Psocare network,located throughout Italy. Direct and indirect costs (as well as the health-related quality of life of patients with plaque psoriasis undergoing biologic treatments) have been estimated,while the societal impact has been determined using a cost-utility approach. Non-medical and indirect costs account for as much as 44.97% of the total cost prior to treatment and to 6.59% after treatment,with an overall 71.38% decrease. Adopting a societal perspective in the actual clinical practice of the Italian participating centres,the ICER of biologic therapies for treating plaque psoriasis amounted to €18634.40 per QALY gained--a value far from the €28656.30 obtained by adopting a third-party payer perspective. Our study confirms that chronic psoriasis subjects patients to a considerable burden,together with their families and caregivers,stressing how important it is to take the societal perspective into consideration during the appraisal process. Besides,using data derived from Italian actual practice,treatment with biologics shows a noteworthy benefit in social terms.","J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Dec;29(12):2411-6. ","Italy",2015,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab"]
[31,"Schmitt J,Küster D. Correlation between Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) allows the calculation of percent work productivity loss in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015 Jul;307(5):451-3. doi: 10.1007/s00403-015-1567-x.",null,"Schmitt J,Küster D.","Correlation between Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) allows the calculation of percent work productivity loss in patients with psoriasis.","Data on indirect costs are vital for cost-effectiveness studies from a societal perspective. In contrast to quality of life,information on productivity loss is rarely collected in psoriasis trials. We aimed to identify a model to deduce indirect costs (presenteeism and absenteeism) of psoriasis from the Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) of affected patients to facilitate health economic evaluations for psoriasis. We undertook a cross-sectional mapping study including 201 patients with physician-diagnosed psoriasis and investigated the relationship between quality of life (DLQI) and productivity loss (Work Limitations Questionnaire,WLQ--using the \"output demands\" subscale) using linear bootstrap regression analysis to set up an equation model allowing the calculation of percent work productivity loss per DLQI unit increase. DLQI and WLQ scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.47; p < 0.0001) The final equation model suggests a 0.545 and 0.560% decrease in productivity due to presenteeism and absenteeism per DLQI unit increase,with y-intercepts at 1.654 and 0.536,respectively. In the absence of data on indirect cost,work productivity loss due to psoriasis can be estimated from DLQI scores using the equations,Y = 0.545 × DLQI score + 1.654 for presenteeism (%) and Y = 0.560 × DLQI score + 0.536 for absenteeism (%).","Arch Dermatol Res. 2015 Jul;307(5):451-3.","Germany",2015,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[32,"Papp KA,Barber K,Bissonnette R,Bourcier M,Lynde CW,Poulin Y,Shelton J,Garces K,Toole J,Poulin-Costello M. Improvements in patient-reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis receiving etanercept plus topical therapies: results from REFINE. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Aug;29(8):1555-61. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12934.",null,"Papp KA,Barber K,Bissonnette R,Bourcier M,Lynde CW,Poulin Y,Shelton J,Garces K,Toole J,Poulin-Costello M."," Improvements in patient-reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis receiving etanercept plus topical therapies: results from REFINE.","The REFINE study examined the efficacy and safety of adding topical corticosteroid therapy to etanercept when stepping down from the initial dose of etanercept to the maintenance dose. Clinical responses were shown to be similar in patients who remained on etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW) and those who received etanercept 50 mg once weekly (QW) plus topical therapies through week 24. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients in REFINE. All patients received etanercept 50 mg BIW for 12 weeks and were then randomized to etanercept 50 mg BIW or etanercept 50 mg QW plus topical corticosteroid as required to clear through week 24. HRQoL measures included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI),Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) and the Economic Implications of Psoriasis Patient Questionnaire. No comparative testing was performed for this descriptive analysis. Missing data were imputed using the last observation carried forward. For 287 randomized patients (144 etanercept; 143 etanercept plus topical),the mean change [standard deviation (SD)] in DLQI from baseline to week 24 was 10.7 (7.8) for etanercept and 9.9 (6.9) for etanercept plus topical. Mean change (SD) in TSQM effectiveness,convenience,side-effects and global satisfaction was 27.1 (36.1),14.8 (25.9),-0.7 (22.0) and 26.7 (32.5) for the etanercept arm and 32.5 (40.3),18.5 (29.0),1.3 (19.4) and 28.4 (35.9) for etanercept plus topical. Economic implications,including healthcare visits,employment status,work productivity,ability to perform daily activities and out-of-pocket expenses were similar between treatment arms. At week 24 of REFINE,measures of HRQoL were numerically similar in patients who stayed on etanercept 50 mg BIW and patients who received etanercept 50 mg QW plus topical therapies."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Aug;29(8):1555-61. ","Canada",2015,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Corticosteroids,Etanercept"]
[33,"Lapadula G,Marchesoni A,Armuzzi A,Blandizzi C,Caporali R,Chimenti S,Cimaz R,Cimino L,Gionchetti P,Girolomoni G,Lionetti P,Marcellusi A,Mennini FS,Salvarani C. Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan-Mar;27(1 Suppl):33-48.",null,"Lapadula G,Marchesoni A,Armuzzi A,Blandizzi C,Caporali R,Chimenti S,Cimaz R,Cimino L,Gionchetti P,Girolomoni G,Lionetti P,Marcellusi A,Mennini FS,Salvarani C."," Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. ","Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). TNF inhibition results in down-regulation of abnormal and progressive inflammatory processes,resulting in rapid and sustained clinical remission,improved quality of life and prevention of target organ damage. Adalimumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody directed against TNF. In this article,we review the role and cost effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of IMIDs in adults and children. The efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab has been demonstrated in patients with a wide range of inflammatory conditions,leading to regulatory approval in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),psoriatic arthritis (PsA),plaque psoriasis,inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease,ulcerative colitis,paediatric Crohn's disease,and intestinal Behçet's disease),ankylosing spondylitis (AS),axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The major tolerability issues with adalimumab are class effects,such as injection site reactions and increased risk of infection and lymphoma. As with all anti-TNF agents,adalimumab is immunogenic,although less than infliximab,and some patients receiving long-term adalimumab will develop anti-drug antibodies,causing a loss of response. Comparisons of its clinical utility and cost effectiveness have shown it to be a valid treatment choice in a wide range of patients. Recent data from Italian economic studies show the cost effectiveness of adalimumab to be below the threshold value for health care interventions for most indications. In addition,analysis of indirect costs shows that adalimumab significantly reduces social costs associated with RA,PsA,AS,Crohn's disease and psoriasis. The fact that adalimumab has the widest range of approved indications,many often presenting together in the same patient due to the common pathogenesis,may further improve the utility of adalimumab. Current clinical evidence shows adalimumab to be a valuable resource in the management of IMIDs. Further research,designed to identify patients who may benefit most from this drug,will better highlight the role and cost-effectiveness of this versatile TNF inhibitor."," Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan-Mar;27(1 Suppl):33-48.","Italy",2014,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab"]
[34,"Papp KA,Sundaram M,Bao Y,Williams DA,Gu Y,Signorovitch JE,Wang Y,Valdes JM,Mulani PM. Effects of briakinumab treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis on health-related quality of life and work productivity and activity impairment: results from a randomized phase III study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Jun;28(6):790-8. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12177.",null,"Papp KA,Sundaram M,Bao Y,Williams DA,Gu Y,Signorovitch JE,Wang Y,Valdes JM,Mulani PM. "," Effects of briakinumab treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis on health-related quality of life and work productivity and activity impairment: results from a randomized phase III study.","Psoriasis is known to have a significant negative impact on a patient's health-related quality of life,including social,recreational and work activities. To evaluate the effects of briakinumab on quality of life and work productivity measures in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Patients received either briakinumab (n = 981) or placebo (n = 484) during the 12-week induction phase of trial M06-890. At week 12,patients with a Physician's Global Assessment score of 'Clear' or 'Minimal' entered the 40-week maintenance phase and were to receive briakinumab every 4 weeks,briakinumab every 12 weeks,or placebo. At weeks 12 and 52,treatment groups were compared using mean change from baseline in health-related quality of life and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire scores and the percentage of patients with minimum clinically important differences. At week 12,more than half of the briakinumab-treated patients achieved improvements meeting or exceeding minimum clinically important differences for Dermatology Life Quality Index (75.9%),and psoriasis- (64.8%),and psoriatic arthritis-related (54.1%) pain scores; 48.4% achieved improvements for activity impairment. Although improvements in quality of life and work productivity measures were maintained at week 52 for both briakinumab regimens,responder rates were consistently greater in the every-4-week group than in the every-12-week group. Briakinumab treatment resulted in clinically significant improvements in quality of life and work productivity in adults with moderate to severe psoriasis. Maintenance therapy was associated with a more pronounced benefit for the every-4-week briakinumab regimen."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Jun;28(6):790-8. ","Canada",2014,"Psoriatic arthritis","Briakinumab"]
[35,"Ekelund M, Mallbris L, Qvitzau S, Stenberg B. A higher score on the dermatology life quality index, being on systemic treatment and having a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased costs in patients with plaque psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013 Nov;93(6):684-8. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1591.",null,"Ekelund M, Mallbris L, Qvitzau S, Stenberg B."," A higher score on the dermatology life quality index, being on systemic treatment and having a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased costs in patients with plaque psoriasis.","The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of disease severity and costs from a societal perspective in patients with plaque psoriasis. Dermatologists in Sweden recruited 443 consecutive patients who had had no biological treatment during the past 12 months. Following a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) assessment, subjects completed self-assessments on health status/quality of life and a healthcare resource utilization/work status questionnaire. The costs of healthcare resources and sick-leave due to plaque psoriasis were estimated and related to the subject's health status. A patient's Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and being on systemic therapy, or having diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis, appeared to be more strongly associated with direct and indirect costs than did their PASI. The cost of biological therapy should be considered from the perspective of the already high costs of patients with high DLQI undergoing traditional systemic treatment.","Acta Derm Venereol. 2013 Nov;93(6):684-8.","Sweden",2013,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[36,"Armstrong AW, Schupp C, Wu J, Bebo B. Quality of life and work productivity impairment among psoriasis patients: findings from the National Psoriasis Foundation survey data 2003-2011. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052935.",null,"Armstrong AW, Schupp C, Wu J, Bebo B."," Quality of life and work productivity impairment among psoriasis patients: findings from the National Psoriasis Foundation survey data 2003-2011.","To ascertain impairment in quality of life and work productivity among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. From 2003 through 2011, the National Psoriasis Foundation collected survey data from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis via email and telephone correspondences. Survey data were collected from psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients in the general community in the U.S. Quality of life focusing on emotional impact (anger, frustration, helplessness, etc.) and physical impact (pain, pruritus, physical irritation, etc.); employment status. The surveys were performed through random sampling of participants from a database of over 75,000 patients. From 2003 to 2011, 5,604 patients completed the surveys. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis affected overall emotional wellbeing in 88% of patients, and they interfered with enjoyment of life in 82%. Most patients reported experiencing anger (89%), frustration (89%), helplessness (87%), embarrassment (87%), and self-consciousness (89%). Many patients also actively concealed physical manifestations of their diseases (83%), and experienced pain (83%) and pruritus (93%) regularly. Of note, 12% of patients were unemployed, and 11% worked part-time. Among unemployed patients, 92% cited psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis as the sole reasons for not working. Among working patients, 49% missed work days regularly due to psoriasis. Compared to patients with mild psoriasis, patients with severe psoriasis have 1.8 times greater odds to be unemployed after adjusting for age and gender (Adjusted OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis continue to experience significant impairment of quality of life and work productivity."," PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52935.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[37,"Levy AR, Davie AM, Brazier NC, Jivraj F, Albrecht LE, Gratton D, Lynde CW. Economic burden of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Canada. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;51(12):1432-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05359.x.",null,"Levy AR, Davie AM, Brazier NC, Jivraj F, Albrecht LE, Gratton D, Lynde CW. ","Economic burden of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Canada. ","Psoriasis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately one million Canadians. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic burden in $CDN (2008) of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis among Canadian adults. Using a cross-sectional design, direct resource use, costs, lost productivity, and quality of life were obtained for 90 subjects diagnosed with psoriasis in three dermatology clinics in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. An Excel-based economic model was developed to project the annual cost of psoriasis, from the societal perspective. The estimated mean annual cost of psoriasis was $7999/subject (95% CI: $3563-$12,434) with direct costs accounting for 57%. Mean lost productivity costs, which accounted for 43% of the mean annual costs of psoriasis, were $3442/subject (95% CI: $1293-$5590). Projecting the mean costs per patient to the afflicted population yields an estimated total annual cost of $1.7 billion (95% CI: $0.8-$2.6 billion) attributable to moderate to severe psoriasis in Canada. Understanding the interplay between direct costs, lost productivity, and quality of life is critical for accurately identifying and evaluating effective treatments for this disease.","Int J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;51(12):1432-40. ","Canada",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[38,"Cortesi PA, Scalone L, D'Angiolella L, Belisari A, Fusco F, Olivieri I, Mantovani LG. Systematic literature review on economic implications and pharmacoeconomic issues of psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012 Jul-Aug;30(4 Suppl 73):S126-31.",null,"Cortesi PA, Scalone L, D'Angiolella L, Belisari A, Fusco F, Olivieri I, Mantovani LG."," Systematic literature review on economic implications and pharmacoeconomic issues of psoriatic arthritis.","The introduction of anti tumour necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) agents has greatly advanced the management of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Functional disability in patients with PsA may result in significant impairment of Quality of Life (QoL), psychosocial disability and productivity loss. Although many patients respond adequately to methotrexate and other therapies, in patients who have incomplete responses, anti TNF-α agents reduce inflammation and minimise joints damage, increasing functional capacity and QoL, and decreasing the progression rate of structural damage in peripheral joints. Because of the high costs associated to anti TNF-α agents therapy, an increasing number of economic evaluations have been performed over the last few years, and several cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness studies have been published concerning use of anti TNF-α agents in management of PsA. We performed a systematic literature review to better understand the pharmacoeconomic perspective of PsA. The pharmacoeconomic studies analysed have demonstrated the high socioeconomic burden of PsA and that TNF-α blockers treatment options provide value for money in the musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestations of psoriatic disease.\n"," Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012 Jul-Aug;30(4 Suppl 73):S126-31.","International",2012,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy"]
[39,"Strober BE, Sobell JM, Duffin KC, Bao Y, Guérin A, Yang H, Goldblum O, Okun MM, Mulani PM. Sleep quality and other patient-reported outcomes improve after patients with psoriasis with suboptimal response to other systemic therapies are switched to adalimumab: results from PROGRESS, an open-label Phase IIIB trial. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1374-81. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12000.",null,"Strober BE, Sobell JM, Duffin KC, Bao Y, Guérin A, Yang H, Goldblum O, Okun MM, Mulani PM."," Sleep quality and other patient-reported outcomes improve after patients with psoriasis with suboptimal response to other systemic therapies are switched to adalimumab: results from PROGRESS, an open-label Phase IIIB trial.","Psoriasis is associated with poor health-related quality of life, including sleep impairment. To assess the extent of sleep impairment, the effect of adalimumab on sleep and other patient-reported outcomes, and correlations between changes in these outcomes and sleep quality in patients with psoriasis. Patients in the 16-week, open-label, Phase IIIb PROGRESS trial had chronic plaque psoriasis and suboptimal response to prior therapy (etanercept, methotrexate or narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy). Adalimumab was self-injected subcutaneously (80 mg at week 0, then 40 mg every other week from week 1). The focus for this analysis was the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Other patient-reported outcomes included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Physician's Global Assessment, a visual analogue scale for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA) pain, and the Work Productivity and Activity Index Questionnaire-Specific Health Problems. Patients with psoriasis had impaired sleep at baseline. The degree of sleep impairment was significantly associated with the extent of work productivity for all sleep measures and, for some sleep measures, was associated with DLQI impairment, clinical severity measured by PASI, the presence of PsA, and depression. Adalimumab treatment significantly improved sleep quality by 15% from baseline, as well as DLQI score, pain and work productivity. The improvement in sleep was partially explained (R(2 ) = 0·16, P < 0·001) by improvements in the objectively measured psoriasis signs in PASI. Adalimumab treatment improved sleep outcomes and other patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life, work productivity, daily activity and disease-related pain."," Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1374-81.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab"]
[40,"Knight C, Mauskopf J, Ekelund M, Singh A, Yang S, Boggs R. Cost-effectiveness of treatment with etanercept for psoriasis in Sweden. Eur J Health Econ. 2012 Apr;13(2):145-56. doi: 10.1007/s10198-010-0293-8.",null,"Knight C, Mauskopf J, Ekelund M, Singh A, Yang S, Boggs R. ","Cost-effectiveness of treatment with etanercept for psoriasis in Sweden. ","To estimate the cost-effectiveness, from a Swedish societal perspective, of intermittent use of etanercept (Enbrel) with interruptions of use after 24 weeks compared to continuous use of adalimumab (Humira) as well as non-systemic standard of care in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. A Markov decision-tree model was constructed from clinical trials results. Patients starting etanercept, adalimumab, or non-systemic therapy moved through the model's 10-years horizon. Model input parameters included clinical response rates. Outcome measures included direct and indirect costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The incremental total (direct and indirect) costs per QALY were 1,559,939 kr (165,354) for adalimumab 40 mg every other week, compared with intermittent once-weekly Enbrel 50 mg, and 93,629 kr (9,925) for once-weekly intermittent etanercept 50 mg compared with non-systemic standard of care. This analysis showed that, with a 470,000 kr (50,000) per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, once-weekly etanercept 50 mg, used intermittently, is a cost-effective treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis compared with adalimumab and non-systemic standard of care.","Eur J Health Econ. 2012 Apr;13(2):145-56.","Sweden",2012,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept"]
[41,"Kimball AB, Bensimon AG, Guerin A, Yu AP, Wu EQ, Okun MM, Bao Y, Gupta SR, Mulani PM. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with co-morbidities: Subanalysis of results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Feb 1;12(1):51-62. doi: 10.2165/11530640-000000000-00000.",null,"Kimball AB, Bensimon AG, Guerin A, Yu AP, Wu EQ, Okun MM, Bao Y, Gupta SR, Mulani PM. ","Efficacy and safety of adalimumab among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with co-morbidities: Subanalysis of results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. ","Psoriasis is associated with a variety of major physical and mental co-morbidities. To assess the incremental burden of co-morbidities on patient-reported outcomes and evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in psoriasis patients with co-morbidities. Data were obtained from the initial 16-week, double-blind treatment period of REVEAL (Randomized controlled EValuation of adalimumab Every other week dosing in moderate to severe psoriasis triAL), a randomized, multicenter, phase III clinical trial. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio to receive adalimumab 80 mg (two 40 mg injections administered subcutaneously) at baseline followed by one 40 mg injection every other week from week 1 to week 15 or placebo. Clinical severity (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI]) and patient-reported outcomes (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], Short Form 36 [SF-36] health survey, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI] questionnaire) were assessed during the trial. The effect of selected co-morbidities (i.e. hypertension, psoriatic arthritis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, depression, other forms of arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular diseases) on patient-reported outcomes was evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance models. Subgroup analyses were performed by co-morbidity type to statistically compare the clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcome benefits, and safety of adalimumab with placebo in the presence of these conditions. Study co-morbidities were each independently associated with significantly greater impairment on at least one general patient-reported outcome measured at baseline (all p < 0.05), with the exception of hyperlipidemia. During the 16-week study, adalimumab patients demonstrated significantly greater PASI 75 response rates (defined as a reduction of at least 75% in PASI scores from baseline) compared with placebo patients for all co-morbidity subgroups. Adalimumab provided consistent improvements in DLQI, SF-36 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores, and WPAI total scores from baseline to week 16 within co-morbidity subgroups. Rates of serious adverse events (AEs), serious infectious AEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation were comparable between adalimumab and placebo for patients with co-morbidities. Co-morbidities were associated with additionally impaired health-related quality of life and work productivity in patients with psoriasis. Adalimumab significantly improved efficacy and patient-reported outcomes and was well tolerated in patients with co-morbidities.","Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Feb 1;12(1):51-62.","USA",2011,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab"]
[42,"Meyer N, Paul C, Feneron D, Bardoulat I, Thiriet C, Camara C, Sid-Mohand D, Le Pen C, Ortonne JP. Psoriasis: an epidemiological evaluation of disease burden in 590 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Sep;24(9):1075-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03600.x.",null,"Meyer N, Paul C, Feneron D, Bardoulat I, Thiriet C, Camara C, Sid-Mohand D, Le Pen C, Ortonne JP."," Psoriasis: an epidemiological evaluation of disease burden in 590 patients.","There are limited data available on the economical burden of psoriasis and its impact on everyday life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of psoriasis on personal and professional life, and to evaluate the cost of psoriasis for the patient. We performed a cross-sectional study in psoriasis patients. All patients aged >or=18 years with a diagnosis of plaque-psoriasis confirmed by a physician were included. A self-administered questionnaire evaluating everyday life was constructed with members of the French association of psoriasis patients. In addition, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Working Productivity and Activity Impairment and individual costs were assessed. A total of 590 patients completed the study. Mean age of the responders was 56 years. The mean DLQI score was 8.5 for patients with severe psoriasis vs. 6.4 for mild psoriasis. Global loss of productivity was 10.7% without significant difference according to the disease severity. Daily activities alteration was most important in patients with severe psoriasis. In this study, 36.8% of patients with severe psoriasis reported a negative impact on their professional life vs. 19.6% for patients with mild psoriasis (P = 0.002). Time devoted to phototherapy was on average 33 h/year/patient and the application of emollients took 25 h/year/patient; 47.3% of patients had a feeling to clean the house more often, in correlation with the severity of the disease. Mean out-of-pocket expenses for the disease was estimated to be 543 euro/year/patient. High impact of psoriasis on quality of life (DLQI >10), age <40 years and joint involvement were significantly associated with an increased risk of loss of work productivity. Psoriasis, particularly severe psoriasis, is a true burden for patients and impacts significantly everyday life and patient's economical resources.","Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Sep;24(9):1075-82. ","France",2010,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[43,"Brodszky V, Bálint P, Géher P, Hodinka L, Horváth G, Koó É, Péntek M, Polgár A, Seszták M, Szántó S, Ujfalussy I, Gulácsi L. Disease burden of psoriatic arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis, Hungarian experiment. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Dec;30(2):199-205. doi: 10.1007/s00296-009-0936-1.",null,"Brodszky V, Bálint P, Géher P, Hodinka L, Horváth G, Koó É, Péntek M, Polgár A, Seszták M, Szántó S, Ujfalussy I, Gulácsi L. ","Disease burden of psoriatic arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis, Hungarian experiment. ","The objectives of this study were to assess the costs of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Hungary and to identify key cost drivers among demographic and clinical variables and to compare cost-of-illness of PsA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cross-sectional retrospective survey of 183 consecutive patients from eight rheumatology centres was conducted. Mean direct medical, direct non medical, indirect and total costs were 1,876, 794, 2,904 and 5,574 euros/patient/year, respectively. Total costs were in significant linear relationship with health assessment questionnaire score and psoriatic area severity index. Costs of RA were higher in all domains than of PsA. Our study was the first from the Eastern European region that provides cost-of-illness data on PsA. Our study revealed that functional status and severity of skin symptoms were the key cost drivers. The costs of PsA in Hungary were lower than in the high-income European countries.","Rheumatol Int. 2009 Dec;30(2):199-205.","Hungary",2009,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[44,"Augustin M, Reich K, Reich C, Purwins S, Jeff Rustenbach S, Schäfer I, Radtke M. Quality of psoriasis care in Germany--results of the national study PsoHealth 2007. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Aug;6(8):640-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06807.x.",null,"Augustin M, Reich K, Reich C, Purwins S, Jeff Rustenbach S, Schäfer I, Radtke M. "," Quality of psoriasis care in Germany--results of the national study PsoHealth 2007.","Many different forms of treatment are available for psoriasis. The German standard is the national AWMF S3 guideline. A national survey on psoriasis care in 2005 indicated deficits in psoriasis care in Germany. Assessment of the health care situation of patients with psoriasis in Germany. Nation-wide cross-sectional study, in 142 dermatological practices and clinics. The following data were documented: a) Doctor Questionnaire: Treatment, illnesses, clinical characteristics and severity (PASI). b) Patient Questionnaire: Quality of life (QoL), patient relevant therapeutic benefits and satisfaction with the quality of the care. A panel of experts developed and analyzed 8 criteria as indicators of the quality of care. Of the 2009 evaluated patients, 11.6% suffered from severe psoriasis (PASI > 20) and 27.4% from moderate psoriasis (PASI 10-20). The average PASI value was 10.1, and the DLQI 7.5. 32.2% of patients had a serious reduction in their QoL (DLQI > 10). The share of patients with preceding systemic therapy was 47.3%, in severe psoriasis 62.1%, while 20.1% of the patients had received inpatient treatment. The average number of days absent from work was 3.4. Compared to 2005, all 8 indicators improved. Significant numbers of psoriasis patients show serious quality of life reductions and high grades of clinical severity. In comparison to 2005, there has been a notable, nation-wide improvement in psoriasis care."," J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Aug;6(8):640-5. ","Germany",2008,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[45,"Radtke MA, Augustin M. Economic considerations in psoriasis management. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Sep-Oct;26(5):424-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.024.",null,"Radtke MA, Augustin M.","Economic considerations in psoriasis management. ","With a prevalence of 2% to 3%, psoriasis is a very common chronic disease worldwide and generates therapy costs and continuing cost for health insurance and patients and their families. Cost-political changes in health care and the ever increasing health-economic demands in all areas of the health system make it necessary to differentiate between the two when recording the expenses for a disease. The main characteristics of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation are the record of costs, the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness ratio, and efficiency of various treatment forms. Numerous publications discuss the cost of individual forms of therapy in the treatment of psoriasis, but there are fewer studies on the total cost of psoriasis therapy, especially studies that take both direct and indirect costs into account. The scientific articles on pharmacoeconomy and quality of life in psoriasis have proven (without a doubt) that, despite the lack of a vital threat, psoriasis is highly important to the national economy and to those who have the disease. This justifies appropriate monetary expenditure for treatment. Studies that address the cost of therapies (especially for chronic diseases) will be necessary in the future and will create the required transparency to guarantee reasonable medical care that takes the cost-benefit ratio and the best outcome for the patient's quality of life into account.","Clin Dermatol. 2008 Sep-Oct;26(5):424-31.","International",2008,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[46,"Olivieri I, de Portu S, Salvarani C, Cauli A, Lubrano E, Spadaro A, Cantini F, Cutro MS, Mathieu A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pappone N, Punzi L, Scarpa R, Mantovani LG, PACE working group. The psoriatic arthritis cost evaluation study: a cost-of-illness study on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to conventional therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Nov;47(11):1664-70. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken320.",null,"Olivieri I, de Portu S, Salvarani C, Cauli A, Lubrano E, Spadaro A, Cantini F, Cutro MS, Mathieu A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pappone N, Punzi L, Scarpa R, Mantovani LG, PACE working group. ","The psoriatic arthritis cost evaluation study: a cost-of-illness study on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to conventional therapy. ","To evaluate costs, benefits and cost-effectiveness of anti-TNF agents in PsA patients with inadequate response to conventional treatment. A total of 107 patients, from nine Italian rheumatology centres, with different forms of PsA were given anti-TNF treatment, mainly etanercept (87%). Information on resource use, health-related quality of life, disease activity, function and laboratory values were collected at baseline and through out the 12 months of therapy. Cost (expressed in euro 2007) and utility (measured by EuroQol) before and after anti-TNF therapy initiation were compared in order to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve was calculated. At the end of 12 months, there was a significant increase in direct cost due to an increase of drug cost caused by TNF inhibitors that was only partially offset by the decrease in indirect cost. In the last 6 months of therapy, the direct cost increased by euro5052, the cost for the National Health System (NHS) by euro5044 and the social cost by euro4638. However, a gain of 0.12 QALY resulted in a cost per QALY gained of euro40 876 for the NHS and of euro37 591 for the society. The acceptability curve showed that there would be a 97% likelihood that anti-TNF therapy would be considered cost-effective at willingness-to-pay threshold of euro60 000 per QALY gained. Cost-effectiveness ratios are within the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold. These results need to be confirmed in larger samples of patients.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Nov;47(11):1664-70. ","Italy",2008,"Psoriatic arthritis","Any targeted therapy"]
[47,"Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Koldingsnes W, Rødevand E, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, Kvien TK. Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May;68(5):685-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.092049.",null,"Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Koldingsnes W, Rødevand E, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, Kvien TK. ","Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis.","To compare health status, demographic variables and work disability (WD) between males and females with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the 18-45 age group, and further to compare health status between those with and without WD for each gender and to identify variables associated with WD. A cross-sectional study was carried out of patients with PsA with peripheral arthritis at the time at which they started disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy (DMARD) and/or biological treatment. Patients receiving a permanent national WD pension corresponding to >or=50% were defined as work disabled. Gender differences were examined with regard to health status, demographic variables and WD. Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson chi(2) were applied for group comparisons between males and females and work disabled versus not work disabled for each gender. Multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustments for duration of education, disease duration, age, erosive disease, disability score (Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; MHAQ), the short form-36 (SF-36) mental health score, and gender were used to identify variables associated with WD. Out of 271 (102 females) patients, the number (%) of work-disabled females/males was 33 (32.7%)/29 (17.4%) (p = 0.004). Work-disabled patients had generally worse health status than non-work-disabled patients, and these differences were generally more pronounced in males than in females. In the multiple logistic regression model, low educational level, increasing disability score (MHAQ), presence of erosive disease, female gender and disease duration were independently associated with WD. WD in patients with PsA below 45 years of age was independently associated with educational level, disability score, erosive disease, female gender and disease duration.","Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May;68(5):685-9.","Norway",2009,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[48,"Revicki DA, Willian MK, Menter A, Gordon KB, Kimball AB, Leonardi CL, Langley RG, Kimel M, Okun M. Impact of adalimumab treatment on patient-reported outcomes: results from a Phase III clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2007;18(6):341-50. doi: 10.1080/09546630701646172.",null,"Revicki DA, Willian MK, Menter A, Gordon KB, Kimball AB, Leonardi CL, Langley RG, Kimel M, Okun M"," Impact of adalimumab treatment on patient-reported outcomes: results from a Phase III clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. ","The effect of adalimumab on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) was evaluated in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis during the initial 16-week, double-blind period of a 52-week, Phase III, multicenter trial. Patients were randomized to placebo or adalimumab 80 mg at Week 0 and 40 mg every other week from Week 1 to Week 15. PROs were evaluated throughout the study and included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-Specific Health Problem (WPAI-SHP), and several patient-rated symptom scales. The adalimumab-treated group reported significantly greater improvements in DLQI total score (p<0.001), SF-36 Physical Component Summary score (p<0.001), and Mental Component Summary score (p<0.001) compared with the placebo-treated group over 16 weeks. Significant differences, favoring adalimumab, were also seen for the DLQI subscale scores (p < 0.001); SF-36 scale scores (p<0.001); WPAI-SHP work impairment (p<0.001), activity limitation (p<0.001), and overall work impairment scores (p<0.001); patient's global assessment of disease severity (p<0.001), psoriasis pain (p<0.001), and psoriasis-related pruritus (p = 0.002). Adalimumab was efficacious in improving dermatology-specific and general health-related quality of life, work and activity limitations, and psoriasis-related symptoms in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis over a 16-week period."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2007;18(6):341-50.","USA",2007,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab"]
[49,"Steele T, Pawaskar M, Balkrishnan R, Fleischer A, Feldman SR. Does cost-effectiveness play a role in clinical trials? Dermatol Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;20(2):110-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00119.x.",null,"Steele T, Pawaskar M, Balkrishnan R, Fleischer A, Feldman SR. ","Does cost-effectiveness play a role in clinical trials?","Cost is a measure of resources consumed. By assessing costs, pharmacoeconomic studies complement studies of efficacy and safety, helping to determine the relationships of treatment and outcome. Costs are divided into three categories, including direct cost (resources attributable to the intervention), indirect cost (resulting from reduced productivity), and intangible cost (incurred from pain and emotional suffering). Insurance companies, patients, doctors, and the society all have different perspectives with respect to costs. The present authors review different types of cost analyses and their use in studies of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and basal cell carcinoma treatment. Cost studies influence clinicians, policy makers, and third-party payers' decisions regarding the implementation of particular therapies or programs. Collection of cost data needs to be incorporated into clinical trials to facilitate these decisions."," Dermatol Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;20(2):110-9.","International",2007,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[50,"Kimball AB, Jackson JM, Sobell JM, Boh EE, Grekin S, Pharmd EB, Woolley JM, Xia HA, Chiou CF, Stevens SR. Reductions in healthcare resource utilization in psoriatic arthritis patients receiving etanercept therapy: results from the educate trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Mar;6(3):299-306.",null,"Kimball AB, Jackson JM, Sobell JM, Boh EE, Grekin S, Pharmd EB, Woolley JM, Xia HA, Chiou CF, Stevens SR. ","Reductions in healthcare resource utilization in psoriatic arthritis patients receiving etanercept therapy: results from the educate trial.","The Experience Diagnosing, Understanding Care, and Treatment with Enbrel (EDUCATE) trial is a phase IV, 24-week, multicenter, open-label study of etanercept 50 mg weekly in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in community dermatology clinics. In this study, patients with active PsA and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis have measurable uses of healthcare resources at baseline, reflecting a burden of illness. Etanercept significantly reduced healthcare resource utilization, absenteeism, and caregiver assistance in PsA patients after 24 weeks of treatment. These results could translate into savings on both direct and indirect costs and improvements in health-related quality of life for patients with PsA."," J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Mar;6(3):299-306.","USA",2007,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept"]
[51,"Schöffski O, Augustin M, Prinz J, Rauner K, Schubert E, Sohn S, Reich K. Costs and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis in Germany: a multi-center study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 Mar;5(3):209-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06240.x.",null,"Schöffski O, Augustin M, Prinz J, Rauner K, Schubert E, Sohn S, Reich K.","Costs and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis in Germany: a multi-center study.","This study evaluated costs, disease severity and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis. Patients with a 'psoriasis area and severity index' (PASI) > 12 and/or a body surface area (BSA) > 10 were enrolled in dermatological practices and hospital outpatient departments (n = 184) and the total costs of illness generated during the last 12 months were retrospectively calculated. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 and the DLQI. Participants were stratified into three subgroups according to the treatment received during the 1 year documentation period; a) patients without and b) patients with phototherapy or standard systemic therapy, and c) patients who had failed, were intolerant or had contraindications to at least two standard systemic therapies. The study was performed before biologics became available for the treatment of psoriasis in Germany. Included patients had severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 18.2) and a highly impaired QoL (mean DLQI 10.6). Total annual costs amounted to euro 6,709. Patients belonging to subgroup C had the most severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 22.2), the lowest QoL (mean DLQI 12.6), the highest hospitalization rate and largest loss of productivity. These patients produced the highest total costs of 8.831 euro/y. Patients who cannot (or can no longer) be adequately managed with standard treatments are characterized by high disease activity, high costs and reduced QoL. Improved treatment options particularly for these patients are medically necessary and appear economically sensible.","J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 Mar;5(3):209-18.","Germany",2007,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[52,"Carrascosa JM, Pujol R, Daudén E, Hernanz-Hermosa JM, Bordas X, Smandia JA, Ferrándiz C. A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: phase II). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Aug;20(7):840-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01659.x.",null,"Carrascosa JM, Pujol R, Daudén E, Hernanz-Hermosa JM, Bordas X, Smandia JA, Ferrándiz C"," A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: phase II).","To estimate the direct and indirect costs related to psoriasis in Spain. We performed a 12-month, multicentre, prospective longitudinal and observational study. Overall expense of care was assessed as the sum of direct and indirect costs. A total of 797 patients with varying demographics and different degrees of severity of psoriasis were included in the study. The mean total cost of psoriasis, including direct and indirect items, was 1,079 euro per patient and year. The major sources of expenditure were prescription drugs (46.6%), followed by medical activities (34.5%). Mean costs in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis were approximately 1.5 and 2.5 times higher than in those with mild psoriasis, respectively. In Spain, psoriasis is associated with substantial costs both to the National Health System and to the patients.","Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Aug;20(7):840-5. ","Spain",2006,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[53,"Huscher D, Merkesdal S, Thiele K, Zeidler H, Schneider M, Zink A, German Collaborative Arthritis Centres. Cost of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Sep;65(9):1175-83. doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.046367.",null,"Huscher D, Merkesdal S, Thiele K, Zeidler H, Schneider M, Zink A, German Collaborative Arthritis Centres"," Cost of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany. ","To estimate and compare the direct and indirect costs of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the effect of sex, disease duration and functional status on the various cost domains. Data of outpatients, aged 18-65, with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 4351), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 827), PsA (n = 908) or SLE (n = 844), who were enrolled in the national database of the German collaborative arthritis centres in 2002, were analysed. Data on healthcare consumption, out-of-pocket expenses and productivity losses were derived from doctors and patients. For the calculation of indirect costs, the human capital approach (HCA) and the friction cost approach (FCA) were applied. Mean direct costs amounted to 4737 euros a year in rheumatoid arthritis, 3676 euros in ankylosing spondylitis, 3156 euros in PsA and 3191 euros in SLE. By using the HCA, total costs were calculated at 15,637 euros in rheumatoid arthritis, 13,513 euros in ankylosing spondylitis, 11,075 euros in PsA and 14,411 euros in SLE, whereas with the FCA the numbers were 7899 euros, 7204 euros, 5570 euros and 6518 euros, respectively. Costs increased with disease duration and were strongly dependent on functional status. In patients with the highest disability (<50% of full function), the total costs on applying the HCA were 34,915 euros in rheumatoid arthritis, 29,647 euros in alkylosing spondylitis, 37,440 euros in PsA and 32,296 euros in SLE. The costs of illness are high in all four diseases, with a strong effect of functional status on total costs. Indirect costs differ by the factor 3, based on whether the HCA or the FCA is used."," Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Sep;65(9):1175-83. ","Germany",2006,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[54,"Peeters P, Ortonne JP, Sitbon R, Guignard E. Cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate followed by calcipotriol alone compared with tacalcitol in the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris. Dermatology. 2005;211(2):139-45. doi: 10.1159/000086444.",null,"Peeters P, Ortonne JP, Sitbon R, Guignard E."," Cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate followed by calcipotriol alone compared with tacalcitol in the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris. ","Daivobet is a once-daily treatment of psoriasis vulgaris containing betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriol in a new ointment vehicle. To assess the cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with Daivobet (4 weeks) followed by calcipotriol (4 weeks) compared to tacalcitol (8 weeks). Resource utilization was assessed within a double-blind 8-week clinical trial (all treatments for psoriasis, adverse events and concomitant dermatological medication), estimated from the French societal perspective. Total direct medical costs for psoriasis were comparable (Daivobet: EUR 107.53 and tacalcitol EUR 113.50) despite a higher acquisition cost for Daivobet. The probability of > or =75% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (effectiveness criterion) was 46.6% with Daivobet and 13.9% with tacalcitol at 4 weeks, and 44.6 and 23.8%, respectively, at 8 weeks (both: p < 0.001). Over 8 weeks, Daivobet was almost twice as cost-effective as tacalcitol (EUR 241.22 per successful treatment vs. EUR 476.70); this result was robust to sensitivity assumptions. Daivobet is more effective and less costly than tacalcitol for treating psoriasis.\n","Dermatology. 2005;211(2):139-45.","France",2005,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids,Tacalcitol"]
[55,"Berger K, Ehlken B, Kugland B, Augustin M. Cost-of-illness in patients with moderate and severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Jul;3(7):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.05729.x.",null,"Berger K, Ehlken B, Kugland B, Augustin M","Cost-of-illness in patients with moderate and severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris in Germany.","Data regarding costs of outpatient and office-based care, as well as out-of-pocket expenses, for psoriasis patients in Germany are not available. Aim of this study was to assess average annual cost and cost per flare of outpatient and office-based care for patients with moderate to severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris from several perspectives. In this multi-center, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective cost-of-illness study, direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect costs were considered from patient, third-party payer (TPP) and societal perspectives. Out of 227 patients enrolled consecutively in 17 centers, 192 cases could be analyzed. On average, TPP reimbursed 864 per patient annually, 60 % for prescribed medication and 22 % for hospitalization. Patients spent 596 yearly mainly for alternative therapies and OTC-medication/skin care products as well as for additional expenses (e. g. ultraviolet lamp, clothes or cleaning agents). Indirect costs per patient amounted to 1,440 yearly. Total annual costs per patient were 2,866 and 4,985 if treated with systemic drugs additionally. 1,173 if treated topically and/or with phototherapy. The relatively high average annual costs per patient indicate need for efficient control of psoriasis. This cost-of-illness study provides basic data for further decision making, including economic assessment of innovative therapies for psoriasis."," J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Jul;3(7):511-8.","Germany",2005,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]
[56,"Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Verboom P, Redekop WK, Touw KR, Rutten FF. The cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of oral cyclosporin microemulsion for the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 2):599-608.",null,"Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Verboom P, Redekop WK, Touw KR, Rutten FF."," The cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of oral cyclosporin microemulsion for the treatment of psoriasis. ","To assess the cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed in parallel with a non-blind, multicentre, international clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of intermittent short courses of cyclosporin. Direct and indirect costs were considered within a 1-year period following randomisation. Patients with chronic plaque psoriasis inadequately controlled with topical treatment. The study was conducted from a societal perspective and was performed using data from Canada, Spain, Turkey and the UK. The health outcome used was the total number of systemic therapy-free days (STFDs) over the first year. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was determined by dividing the differences in average cost per patient by the differences in average STFDs per patient. The overall ICER was dominant because tapered discontinuation was associated with both lower costs and improved efficacy in comparison with abrupt discontinuation. Further analyses showed that tapered discontinuation was a cost-effective alternative to abrupt discontinuation therapy, even when a conservative definition for cost effectiveness was adopted. This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that tapering cyclosporin was more cost effective than abruptly stopping cyclosporin in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 2):599-608.","Netherlands",2001,"Psoriasis","Cyclosporine"]
[57,"Finlay AY, Coles EC. The effect of severe psoriasis on the quality of life of 369 patients. Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):236-44.",null,"Finlay AY, Coles EC. ","The effect of severe psoriasis on the quality of life of 369 patients.","The aim of this survey was to quantify the level of handicap experienced by patients with severe psoriasis, and to assess the value that patients place on their disease using various questionnaire techniques. Dermatologists throughout the U.K. each gave a questionnaire to up to five psoriasis patients, who were either being admitted for in-patient care or were starting systemic therapy. Three hundred and sixty-nine questionnaires were completed. Of the 150 patients currently working, 59.3% had lost a mean of 26 days (SD 21.9) from work during the preceding year because of their psoriasis, and of the 180 not working 33.9% attributed not working to their psoriasis. The mean Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) score was 38.2% (SD 23.3, n = 248), with the mean sub-scores of the 'daily activities' and 'treatment' sections being greater than those of the other three sections. Despite having severe psoriasis, the majority of patients felt that it would be worse to have diabetes, asthma or bronchitis than to have psoriasis. Forty-six, 42 and 32% considered it would be either 'better' or 'the same' to have diabetes, asthma or bronchitis, respectively. However, in those patients who also had the comparative disease, 87, 80 and 77% considered it would be 'better', or 'the same' to have the comparative disease. Forty-nine per cent of patients (n = 362) stated they would be prepared to spend 2 or 3 h each day on treatment if this might result in normal skin for the rest of the day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"," Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):236-44.","UK",1995,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy"]

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[null,"3. Click on a cell in the Map, then click the Show",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Golimumab",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0]
[null,"Citation button below to see the relevant",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Infliximab",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,"citations for that cell ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Methotrexate",0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[1,"Isaacs JD,Cutolo M,Keystone EC,Park W,Braun J. Biosimilars in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: initial lessons from the first approved biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody. J Intern Med. 2016 Jan;279(1):41-59. doi: 10.1111/joim.12432.",null,"Isaacs JD,Cutolo M,Keystone EC,Park W,Braun J.","Biosimilars in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: initial lessons from the first approved biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody.","The introduction of targeted biological therapies has revolutionised the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis,ankylosing spondylitis,psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Following treatment with these therapies,many patients experience significant improvements in different aspects of their disease,including symptoms,work productivity and other outcomes relevant for individuals and society. However,due to the complexity of biological drug development and manufacturing processes,the costs of these therapies are relatively high. Indeed,the financial burden on healthcare systems due to biological therapies is considerable and lack of patient access to effective treatment remains a concern in many parts of the world. As many reference biological therapies have now reached or are near to patent expiry,a number of 'biosimilar' drugs have been developed for use in various clinical settings,and some of these drugs are already in use in several countries. While the potential pharmacoeconomic benefits of cost-effective biosimilars seem clear,several issues have been raised regarding,for example,the definition of biosimilarity and the validity of indication extrapolation,as well as the 'switchability' and relative immunogenicity of biosimilars and their reference drugs. In this review,these issues will be discussed with reference to CT-P13,a biosimilar of the anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody infliximab,which is approved in Europe and elsewhere for the treatment of various IMIDs. Other important issues,including those related to data collection during nonclinical and clinical development of biosimilars,are also discussed.\nTags","J Intern Med. 2016 Jan;279(1):41-59. ","UK",2016,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[2,"Schaefer CP,Cappelleri JC,Cheng R,Cole JC,Guenthner S,Fowler J,Johnson S,Mamolo C. Health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Oct;73(4):585-593.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.049.",null,"Schaefer CP,Cappelleri JC,Cheng R,Cole JC,Guenthner S,Fowler J,Johnson S,Mamolo C.","Health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in the United States.","Comprehensive studies on costs of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (MSPP) have not been conducted in the United States. We sought to evaluate current health care resource use,productivity,and costs among patients with MSPP in routine practice. A total of 200 adults seeking MSPP treatment enrolled in 9 US sites. Consented patients reported symptoms,treatment,lost productivity,and costs; 6-month retrospective chart review captured health care resource use and clinical characteristics. Costs were assigned to health care resource use and lost productivity using standard algorithms. Differences by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) group,based on PASI score (≤10,>10-≤20,>20) at enrollment,were evaluated. Analyses included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Most patients (79.5%) were prescribed 1 or more MSPP medications (mean: 1.5); 36.0% and 9.0% received self-administered biologics and systemic therapies,respectively. Mean number of nonprescription treatments was 12.3. Differences by PASI group were observed for overall work and activity impairment (P < .02). Six-month total MSPP direct costs per patient were $11,291; indirect costs were $2101 and differed across PASI groups (P = .0008). This study enrolled patients with MSPP actively seeking care. Despite treatment,a number of patients with MSPP continue to experience moderate to severe PASI scores,impaired functioning,and high costs suggesting a need for new treatment options."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Oct;73(4):585-593.e3.","USA",2015,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[3,"Giacomelli R,Gorla R,Trotta F,Tirri R,Grassi W,Bazzichi L,Galeazzi M,Matucci-Cerinic M,Scarpa R,Cantini F,Gerli R,Lapadula G,Sinigaglia L,Ferraccioli G,Olivieri I,Ruscitti P,Sarzi-Puttini P. Quality of life and unmet needs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: results from the multicentre,observational RAPSODIA study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 May;54(5):792-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu398.",null,"Giacomelli R,Gorla R,Trotta F,Tirri R,Grassi W,Bazzichi L,Galeazzi M,Matucci-Cerinic M,Scarpa R,Cantini F,Gerli R,Lapadula G,Sinigaglia L,Ferraccioli G,Olivieri I,Ruscitti P,Sarzi-Puttini P.","Quality of life and unmet needs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: results from the multicentre,observational RAPSODIA study.","The observational RAPSODIA (RA,PsA and spondylitis including AS) study was planned to assess,in patients with RA,AS and PsA,their involvement in medical decisions,quality of life and unmet needs 15 years after the introduction of biologic therapies in Italy. Patients completed a questionnaire during their scheduled rheumatology consultation. They rated their satisfaction with disease knowledge on a 5-point scale (1 = not at all satisfied,5 = totally satisfied). Self-efficacy,defined as judgement of one's own ability to achieve given levels of performance and exercise control over events,was measured using the pain subscale of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. Patients' global assessments of pain,fatigue and disease activity were recorded on 100 mm visual analogue scales (0 = best status,100 = worse status). Disease activity status was assessed using standard tools. Health status was measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Italian version of the HAQ. Ninety-eight per cent of patients reported that their health care practitioner used understandable terms to explain their condition. Joint issues and general symptoms (e.g. fatigue and malaise) were common. All measures of disease activity and self-efficacy scores were markedly better in patients receiving biologic vs conventional therapy. Biologic therapy recipients were more productive at work. These results confirm that some patients with rheumatic diseases are not satisfied with the level of information they receive about their treatments. Biologic therapy appears to be an important advance,with patients receiving this form of treatment having improved symptoms and productivity. However,patients still report unmet needs. Thus further research,and perhaps new and more effective therapies,along with better education and multidisciplinary collaboration,are required to improve outcomes.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 May;54(5):792-7.","Italy",2015,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[4,"Tillett W,Shaddick G,Askari A,Cooper A,Creamer P,Clunie G,Helliwell PS,Kay L,Korendowych E,Lane S,Packham J,Shaban R,Williamson L,McHugh N. Factors influencing work disability in psoriatic arthritis: first results from a large UK multicentre study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Jan;54(1):157-62. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu264.",null,"Tillett W,Shaddick G,Askari A,Cooper A,Creamer P,Clunie G,Helliwell PS,Kay L,Korendowych E,Lane S,Packham J,Shaban R,Williamson L,McHugh N","Factors influencing work disability in psoriatic arthritis: first results from a large UK multicentre study. ","The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which structural damage,clinical disease activity,demographic and social factors are associated with work disability (WD) in PsA. Four hundred patients fulfilling CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria for PsA were recruited from 23 hospitals across the UK. Demographic,socio-economic,work,clinical and radiographic data were collected. WD was assessed with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Specific Health Problem (WPAI-SHP) questionnaire reporting WD as a percentage of absenteeism (work time missed),presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced effectiveness) and work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism plus presenteeism). Logistic and linear regressions were conducted to investigate associations with WD. Two hundred and thirty-six participants of any age were in work. Absenteeism,presenteeism and productivity loss rates were 14% (s.d. 29.0),39% (s.d. 27.2) and 46% (s.d. 30.4),respectively. Ninety-two (26%) participants of working age were unemployed. Greater age,disease duration of 2-5 years and worse physical function were associated with unemployment. Patients reported that employer awareness and helpfulness exerted a strongly positive influence on remaining in employment. Higher levels of global and joint-specific disease activity and worse physical function were associated with greater levels of presenteeism and productivity loss among those who remained in work. Reduced effectiveness at work was associated with measures of disease activity,whereas unemployment,considered the endpoint of WD,was associated with employer factors,age and disease duration. A longitudinal study is under way to determine whether treatment to reduce disease activity ameliorates WD in the real-world setting.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Jan;54(1):157-62.","UK",2015,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[5,"Boggs RL,Kárpáti S,Li W,Williams T,Pedersen R,Mallbris L,Gniadecki R. Employment is maintained and sick days decreased in psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis patients with etanercept treatment. BMC Dermatol. 2014 Aug 5;14():14. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-14.",null,"Boggs RL,Kárpáti S,Li W,Williams T,Pedersen R,Mallbris L,Gniadecki R","Employment is maintained and sick days decreased in psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis patients with etanercept treatment.","Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) impair quality of life,including reduction in employment or job duties. The PRESTA (Psoriasis Randomized Etanercept STudy in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis) study,a randomized,double-blind,two-dose trial,examined the efficacy of etanercept treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and PsA and the main results have been presented previously. This analysis examined employment status,job duties and sick days,pre-defined endpoints in PRESTA,among this patient population. Participants (N=752) were randomized to receive etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW; n=379) or 50 mg once weekly (QW; n=373) for 12 weeks by subcutaneous injection. All participants then received open-label etanercept 50 mg QW for 12 additional weeks,while remaining blinded to the randomization. A pharmacoeconomic questionnaire was administered at baseline,week 12 and week 24 of treatment. The questionnaire included employment status and changing job responsibilities and sick time taken due to psoriasis or PsA. The statistical methods included analysis of covariance,t-test,Fisher's exact test and McNemar's test. Last-observation-carried-forward imputation was used for missing data. Employment was at least maintained from baseline to week 24 in both dose groups (56% [BIW/QW] and 60% [QW/QW] at baseline,61% and 60%,respectively,at week 24). Among employed participants,the proportion of patients whose job responsibilities changed due to PsA decreased significantly from baseline to week 24 (17-23% to 5-8%; p<0.01). Similar results were seen with job responsibility changes due to psoriasis (11-14% to 4%; p<0.01). The number of monthly sick days also decreased from baseline to week 24 (2.4 days for both treatment groups to 0.7 (BIW/QW) and 1.1 (QW/QW); p≤0.03 for each). No significant differences between the treatment groups were observed for any economic endpoint at any time point. For patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and PsA,etanercept treatment resulted in reducing job responsibility changes due to disease and in reducing sick time. Effective treatment of psoriasis and PsA may reduce missed work days."," BMC Dermatol. 2014 Aug 5;14():14.","USA",2014,"Psoriasis","Etanercept",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Etanercept",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[6,"Feldman SR,Burudpakdee C,Gala S,Nanavaty M,Mallya UG. The economic burden of psoriasis: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014 Oct;14(5):685-705. Doi: 10.1586/14737167.2014.933671.",null,"Feldman SR,Burudpakdee C,Gala S,Nanavaty M,Mallya UG."," The economic burden of psoriasis: a systematic literature review. ","Costs associated with psoriasis present a considerable economic burden. A previously published review was lacking comprehensive data on biologics. Therefore,a systematic literature review was performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic burden of psoriasis throughout the world. Studies published in the English language between January 2001 and May 2013 reporting the direct and indirect economic burden of psoriasis were identified from PubMed and conference proceedings. Thirty-five studies from 11 countries met the inclusion criteria. In 2004,the annual total cost (direct and indirect) in the USA alone was approximately US$1.40 billion. Among the European countries,the most recent studies reported an annual total cost per patient of €11,928 in Sweden,€8372 in Italy,€2866-6707 in Germany and CDN$7999 in Canada,based on treatment type. Costs associated with psoriasis are high in many countries,indicating a continued need for treatments that offer good value for money."," Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014 Oct;14(5):685-705. ","International",2014,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[7,"Osterhaus JT,Purcaru O. Discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jul 4;16(4):R140. doi: 10.1186/ar4602.",null,"Osterhaus JT,Purcaru O.","Discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity in patients with psoriatic arthritis.","The novel arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey (WPS) was developed to estimate patient productivity limitations associated with arthritis within and outside the home,which is an unmet need in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The WPS has been validated in rheumatoid arthritis. This report assesses the discriminant validity,responsiveness and reliability of the WPS in adult-onset PsA. Psychometric properties were assessed using data from the RAPID-PsA trial (NCT01087788) investigating certolizumab pegol (CZP) efficacy and safety in PsA. WPS was completed at baseline and every 4 weeks until Week 24. Validity was evaluated at baseline via known-groups defined using first and third quartiles of patients' Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28(CRP)),Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI),Short Form-36 (SF-36) items and PsA Quality of Life (PsAQoL) scores. Responsiveness and reliability were assessed by comparing WPS mean changes at Week 12 in American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) or HAQ-DI Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) 0.3 responders versus non-responders,as well as using standardized response means (SRM). All comparisons were conducted on the observed cases in the Randomized Set,regardless of the randomization group,using a non-parametric bootstrap-t method. Compared with patients with a better health state,patients with a worse health state had on average 2 to 6 times more household work days lost,more days with reduced household productivity,more days missed of family/social/leisure activities,more days with outside help hired and a significantly higher interference of arthritis per month. Among employed patients,those with a worse health state had 2 to 4 times more workplace days lost,more days with patient workplace productivity reduced,and a significantly higher interference of arthritis on patient workplace productivity versus patients with a better health state. WPS was also responsive to clinical changes,with responders having significantly larger improvements at Week 12 in WPS scores versus non-responders. The effect sizes for changes in productivity in ACR20 or HAQ-DI MCID responders were moderate (0.5 < SRM < 0.8) or small. These analyses demonstrate the validity,responsiveness and reliability of the WPS,as an instrument for the measurement of patient productivity within and outside the home in an adult-onset PsA population.","Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jul 4;16(4):R140. ","Unknown",2014,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Unknown",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[8,"Cameron H,Yule S,Dawe RS,Ibbotson SH,Moseley H,Ferguson J. Review of an established UK home phototherapy service 1998-2011: improving access to a cost-effective treatment for chronic skin disease. Public Health. 2014 Apr;128(4):317-24. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.01.011.",null,"Cameron H,Yule S,Dawe RS,Ibbotson SH,Moseley H,Ferguson J."," Review of an established UK home phototherapy service 1998-2011: improving access to a cost-effective treatment for chronic skin disease. ","To review the Tayside home phototherapy service,including numbers of patients treated,diagnoses and outcomes,side-effects and safety,cost-effectiveness and absolute costs. To consider why home or outpatient phototherapy is not available to all patients who might benefit and how this could be addressed. Observational and cost analysis. Analysis of the Tayside home phototherapy database 1998 and 2011,home phototherapy patient questionnaires,outcome data,costs and a comparison with outpatient phototherapy. Review of literature and current national guidelines for phototherapy,traditional systemic and biologic therapies for psoriasis. 298 courses of home narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy were undertaken by 212 patients between 1998 and 2011,five courses in 1998 increasing to 36 in 2011. The main diagnoses treated were psoriasis (72%),atopic dermatitis (8%),and desensitization of photodermatosis (7%). For psoriasis,74.5% achieved clearance or minimal residual activity in a median of 30 exposures (range 10-60). The estimated costs to the hospital ranged from £229 to £314 per course (£307 to £422 per effective course for psoriasis),compared with £114 for out-patient therapy (£149 per effective course for psoriasis). The total cost to society (hospital and patient costs) is around £410 per course,compared to an estimated £550 for outpatient therapy for this group of patients. Treatment was well tolerated,erythema rates were similar to outpatient therapy,there were no complaints and the vast majority would choose home over outpatient phototherapy if required in the future. Hospital supervised home phototherapy appears as safe and effective as outpatient therapy and provides equality of access for patients who cannot attend for outpatient therapy. These patients may otherwise be inadequately treated or given more costly and higher risk systemic therapies,particularly for psoriasis. Commissioners and clinicians involved in dermatology services should provide accessible phototherapy for all patients who might benefit,utilizing home phototherapy where outpatient access is not possible.","Public Health. 2014 Apr;128(4):317-24. ","UK",2014,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[9,"Yentzer BA,Gustafson CJ,Feldman SR. Explicit and implicit copayments for phototherapy: examining the cost of commuting. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Jun 15;19(6):18563.",null,"Yentzer BA,Gustafson CJ,Feldman SR"," Explicit and implicit copayments for phototherapy: examining the cost of commuting.","Whereas phototherapy is a safe and cost-effective treatment modality for psoriasis,economic disincentives discourage its use,including both direct and indirect costs to the patient. To determine when it may be cost-effective for patients to purchase a home light unit versus driving to clinic for outpatient phototherapy sessions. Estimates of expenses associated with 3 months of outpatient phototherapy were determined and compared to the price of a home phototherapy unit. Factors examined included the cost of gasoline (based on the national average),fuel efficiency of the vehicle,cost of owning and operating a motor vehicle,lost wages,and copayments. The cost for a standard 6-bulb narrowband UVB home unit is approximately $2600. Direct and indirect expenses imposed on patients increase with distance travelled to the dermatologist. If a patient lives 20 or more miles away from the dermatologist,the expenses associated with travel can total more than the out of pocket expense of purchasing a home phototherapy unit. This small analysis only accounted for the first 3 months of treatment and likely underestimates the total costs that patients would experience over a lifetime of treatment. It may be beneficial for physicians to educate patients on the cost-burden of in-office versus home phototherapy because patients can use these parameters to determine which option would be more cost-effective for them."," Dermatol Online J. 2013 Jun 15;19(6):18563.","USA",2013,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[10,"Villacorta R,Hay JW,Messali A. Cost effectiveness of moderate to severe psoriasis therapy with etanercept and ustekinumab in the United States. Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Sep;31(9):823-39. doi: 10.1007/s40273-013-0078-x.",null,"Villacorta R,Hay JW,Messali A.","Cost effectiveness of moderate to severe psoriasis therapy with etanercept and ustekinumab in the United States.","Limited information is available on the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab and alternative biologic treatments in a United States (US) setting. Given the recent head-to-head clinical trial study of ustekinumab and etanercept,an economic model comparing the two treatments can be constructed. Etanercept and ustekinumab are indicated for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of ustekinumab,an anti-cytokine biologic,for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab compared with etanercept from a US societal perspective. A Markov model was constructed to simulate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained every 12 weeks over a base-case 3-year time horizon. A hypothetical patient cohort was based on the characteristics of the phase III Active Comparator Psoriasis Trial (ACCEPT). The main outcome measures were costs and QALYs,which were estimated from the US societal perspective. Costs,utilities,treatment strategy,and resource use estimates were obtained from relevant literature. All costs were adjusted to 2011 US dollars. A 3 % annual discount rate was applied to costs and QALYs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were in US dollars per QALY gained. For the base-case 3-year time horizon,the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing ustekinumab 90 mg with etanercept 50 mg was US$384,401 per QALY gained. Ustekinumab 45 mg dominates etanercept 50 mg for the same time horizon. These results were robust to sensitivity analyses involving treatment strategy,transition probabilities,valuing outcomes,and resource use and costs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests ustekinumab 90 mg has a minimal (4 %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$150,000 per QALY improvement. For the same threshold,ustekinumab 45 mg has a high (88 %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg. Under typical US willingness-to-pay cutoffs,ustekinumab 90 mg is not cost effective compared with etanercept 50 mg therapy in moderate to severe psoriasis patients for the base-case 3-year time horizon. Ustekinumab 45 mg dominates etanercept 50 mg therapy for an equivalent patient psoriasis severity and time horizon.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Sep;31(9):823-39.","USA",2013,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[11,"Ariza-Ariza R,Hernández-Cruz B,Navarro-Compán V,Leyva Pardo C,Juanola X,Navarro-Sarabia F. A comparison of telephone and paper self-completed questionnaires of main patient-related outcome measures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Nov;33(11):2731-6. doi: 10.1007/s00296-013-2800-6.",null,"Ariza-Ariza R,Hernández-Cruz B,Navarro-Compán V,Leyva Pardo C,Juanola X,Navarro-Sarabia F. "," A comparison of telephone and paper self-completed questionnaires of main patient-related outcome measures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. ","A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the correlation between telephone and self-administration of patient-related outcomes (PROs) used in the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Participants underwent a telephone interview in which the following measures were evaluated: numerical rating scales (NRSs) for global health,pain intensity,global pain,back pain,and back pain at night; BASDI,BASFI,Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ),ASQoL,EuroQol,SF-12,and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. Within 48 h after the telephone interview,patients were appointed for a clinical visit in which the same questionnaires and in the same order were self-administered. The degree of correlation of outcomes measures between telephone interview and self-administration was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The two modes of assessing PROs were highly reliable,with ICC of 0.81 for BASDAI,0.82 for BASFI,and 0.75 for HAQ. NRSs for global health,global pain intensity,back pain,and back pain at night also showed ICCs between 0.51 and 0.70,and only NRS for global disease activity showed an ICC of 0.45. This results were similar in patients with AS and patients with psoriatic arthritis. Social functioning and mental health domains of the SF-12 as well as EuroQol had poor correlations. The ICCs for WPAI outcomes were very good or good. We conclude that PROs in AS patients are comparable in both self-administered paper questionnaires and via a telephone interview. Different modes of assessing PRO measures facilitate the assessment of patients with AS in routine practice.","Rheumatol Int. 2013 Nov;33(11):2731-6.","Spain",2013,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Spain",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[12,"Kavanaugh A,McInnes IB,Krueger GG,Gladman D,Beutler A,Gathany T,Mack M,Tandon N,Han C,Mease P. Patient-reported outcomes and the association with clinical response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with golimumab: findings through 2 years of a phase III,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct;65(10):1666-73. doi: 10.1002/acr.22044.",null,"Kavanaugh A,McInnes IB,Krueger GG,Gladman D,Beutler A,Gathany T,Mack M,Tandon N,Han C,Mease P. ","Patient-reported outcomes and the association with clinical response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with golimumab: findings through 2 years of a phase III,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. ","To evaluate the effect of golimumab on physical function,health-related quality of life (HRQOL),and productivity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). GO-REVEAL was a multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled study. Adult patients with active PsA (n = 405) received golimumab (50 or 100 mg) or placebo every 4 weeks,with early escape at week 16 (placebo → 50 mg,50 → 100 mg) or placebo crossover to golimumab 50 mg at week 24. Patient-reported outcomes included physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] disability index [DI] score),HRQOL (36-item Short Form health survey [SF-36] mental component summary [MCS] and physical component summary [PCS] scores),and productivity (home/school/work). Clinical response was assessed using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level (DAS28-CRP) and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score for arthritis and skin symptoms,respectively. At week 24,golimumab-treated patients had significant mean improvements in HAQ DI (0.36),SF-36 (PCS 7.83,MCS 3.84),and productivity (2.24) scores compared with placebo (-0.01,0.67,-0.60,and 0.08,respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Also,greater proportions of golimumab- than placebo-treated patients had clinically meaningful improvements in HAQ DI (≥0.30) and SF-36 PCS and MCS (≥5) scores at week 24 (P < 0.05). Also at week 24,improvements in DAS28-CRP scores were significantly but moderately correlated with improvements in HAQ DI,SF-36 PCS,and productivity scores. Correlations between these patient-reported outcomes and improvements in PASI,enthesitis,and dactylitis scores were very weak. Improvements in HAQ DI,SF-36,and productivity scores were similar among all groups by week 52 and week 104 when including placebo → golimumab crossover patients. Golimumab-treated patients had significant improvements in physical function,HRQOL,and productivity through week 24; these improvements correlated with clinical improvement in signs and symptoms of peripheral arthritis and were sustained through 2 years.","Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct;65(10):1666-73.","USA",2013,"Psoriasis","Golimumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Golimumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[13,"Raho G,Koleva DM,Garattini L,Naldi L. The burden of moderate to severe psoriasis: an overview. Pharmacoeconomics. 2012 Nov 1;30(11):1005-13. doi: 10.2165/11591580-000000000-00000.",null,"Raho G,Koleva DM,Garattini L,Naldi L. "," The burden of moderate to severe psoriasis: an overview. ","Psoriasis is a chronic,immune-mediated skin disorder that affects 1-3% of the general population worldwide. While considered a non-life-threatening disease,psoriasis represents a social and financial burden for patients and the healthcare system. Individuals suffer from disfigurement and from social stigmatization. Because the disease is usually persistent,patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis usually need lifelong care,which also means a lifetime of expenses. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the evidence available concerning the social burden and costs of psoriasis. A search for the keywords 'quality of life' (QOL) or 'burden' or 'stigmatization' or 'psychological factors' in PubMed up to January 2010 yielded a total of 817 studies. QOL was affected by psoriasis to a degree comparable with diabetes or cancer. A search for 'cost-of-illness analyses',in the same period,yielded only seven papers satisfying entry criteria. All the studies but one were performed before biologics became available for psoriasis treatment. Direct costs were higher than indirect costs,with hospitalization representing the most significant item. Treatment costs showed wide variations between different studies. Reasons for these discrepancies are manifold including differences in the selection of the sample,as well as in the methods for calculating costs. There is a need to harmonize methodologies. For a final conclusive judgement of the cost effectiveness of innovative therapies such as biological agents,long-term economic consequences have to be evaluated and long-term remission rates and complications considered.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2012 Nov 1;30(11):1005-13.","International",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[14,"Bojke L,Spackman E,Hinde S,Helliwell P. Capturing all of the costs in NICE appraisals: the impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on productivity. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):210-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker348.",null,"Bojke L,Spackman E,Hinde S,Helliwell P.","Capturing all of the costs in NICE appraisals: the impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on productivity.","Inflammatory rheumatic diseases are common. It is estimated that ∼2.1% of the population has an inflammatory rheumatic disease (Andrianakos A,Trontzas P,Christoyannis F et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Greece: a cross-sectional population based epidemiological study. The ESORDIG Study. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1589-601). For diseases such as RA,PsA and AS,onset is most frequent between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on physical functioning can be significant. Patients can suffer from swollen joints that cause pain and disability. This can reduce sufferers' ability to lead fully productive lives. This has major financial consequences for sufferers and their families and there is an economic impact on society. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) technology appraisal process has typically ignored any improvements in productivity that may result from treatment. There have been calls to extend the perspective of economic evaluations to include productivity costs as one aspect of wider social effects. However,there are a number of issues that must be resolved before productivity costs can become a routine input into the calculation of cost-effectiveness of treatments. First,there is limited agreement regarding the practical details and appropriate methods for their inclusion in economic evaluation. Second,there are issues that must be addressed regarding society's preference for equity. This issue arises when considering individual's economic productivity,that is to say,how we weigh individuals who are more productive (e.g. those in employment) against those who are less so (e.g. the unemployed). Finally,it is important to consider cross-budgetary effects,since productivity has cost and benefit implications outside of health."," Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):210-5. ","UK",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[15,"Skare TL,Bortoluzzo AB,Gonçalves CR,Braga da Silva JA,Ximenes AC,Bértolo MB,Ribeiro SL,Keiserman M,Menin R,Carneiro S,Azevedo VF,Vieira WP,Albuquerque EN,Bianchi WA,Bonfiglioli R,Campanholo C,Carvalho HM,Costa IP,Duarte AP,Gavi MB,Kohem CL,Leite NH,Lima SA,Meirelles ES,Pereira IA,Pinheiro MM,Polito E,Resende GG,Rocha FA,Santiago MB,Sauma Mde F,Sampaio-Barros PD. Ethnic influence in clinical and functional measures of Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;39(1):141-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110372.",null,"Skare TL,Bortoluzzo AB,Gonçalves CR,Braga da Silva JA,Ximenes AC,Bértolo MB,Ribeiro SL,Keiserman M,Menin R,Carneiro S,Azevedo VF,Vieira WP,Albuquerque EN,Bianchi WA,Bonfiglioli R,Campanholo C,Carvalho HM,Costa IP,Duarte AP,Gavi MB,Kohem CL,Leite NH,Lima SA,Meirelles ES,Pereira IA,Pinheiro MM,Polito E,Resende GG,Rocha FA,Santiago MB,Sauma Mde F,Sampaio-Barros PD."," Ethnic influence in clinical and functional measures of Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis.","Spondyloarthritides (SpA) can present different disease spectra according to ethnic background. The Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE) is a nationwide registry that comprises a large databank on clinical,functional,and treatment data on Brazilian patients with SpA. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of ethnic background in SpA disease patterns in a large series of Brazilian patients. A common protocol of investigation was prospectively applied to 1318 SpA patients in 29 centers distributed through the main geographical regions in Brazil. The group comprised whites (65%),African Brazilians (31.3%),and people of mixed origins (3.7%). Clinical and demographic variables and various disease index scores were compiled. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was the most frequent disease in the group (65.1%); others were psoriatic arthritis (18.3%),undifferentiated SpA (6.8%),enteropathic arthritis (3.7%),and reactive arthritis (3.4%). White patients were significantly associated with psoriasis (p = 0.002),positive HLA-B27 (p = 0.014),and use of corticosteroids (p < 0.0001). Hip involvement (p = 0.02),axial inflammatory pain (p = 0.04),and radiographic sacroiliitis (p = 0.025) were associated with African Brazilian descent. Sex distribution,family history,and presence of peripheral arthritis,uveitis,dactylitis,urethritis,and inflammatory bowel disease were similar in the 3 groups,as well as age at disease onset,time from first symptom until diagnosis,and use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents (p > 0.05). Schober test and thoracic expansion were similar in the 3 groups,whereas African Brazilians had higher Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Scores (p = 0.005) and decreased lateral lumbar flexion (p = 0.003),while whites had a higher occiput-to-wall distance (p = 0.02). African Brazilians reported a worse patient global assessment of disease (p = 0.011). Other index scores and prevalence of work incapacity were similar in the 3 groups,although African Brazilians had worse performance in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire (p < 0.001). Ethnic background is associated with distinct clinical aspects of SpA in Brazilian patients. African Brazilian patients with SpA have a poorer quality of life and report worse disease compared to whites.","J Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;39(1):141-7.","Brazil",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Brazil",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[16,"Tayel MY,Soliman E,El Baz WF,El Labaan A,Hamaad Y,Ahmed MH. Registry of the clinical characteristics of spondyloarthritis in a cohort of Egyptian population. Rheumatol Int. 2012 Sep;32(9):2837-42. doi: 10.1007/s00296-011-2068-7.",null,"Tayel MY,Soliman E,El Baz WF,El Labaan A,Hamaad Y,Ahmed MH.","Registry of the clinical characteristics of spondyloarthritis in a cohort of Egyptian population.","The aim of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic features,as well as disease activity and functional status,treatment use,and quality of life in a cohort of Egyptian population. All are measured by standard instruments. This is a descriptive multicenter; cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpAs) diagnosed according to the European spondyloarthritis study group criteria. Four Egyptian centers participated (one from the Upper Egypt,one from the Delta,and two from the West Coast),all adopted the same criteria for patient assessment,and data were collected in the same data base over a 12-month duration. A total of 75 patients were included in the study. The series consisted of 34 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients (64%),23 patients with psoriatic arthritis (45.3%),15 patients with Juvenile onset AS (18.7%),2 patients with reactive arthritis (2.7%),and one with inflammatory bowel disease-related arthritis (1.3%). There was predominance of male patients (84%). All were Caucasians; 13% from the Upper Egypt,and 87% from the Delta and West coast Egypt. Their mean age was 37.44 ± 12.8 years; mean disease duration was 11.85 ± 9.27 years. Pure axial disease was reported by 24% of the patients,and pure peripheral involvement was observed in 4%,while the mixed pattern (axial,peripheral,and entheseal) was observed in 34%. Dactylitis was detected in 9.3%,tarsitis in 8%,and enthesitis in 29.3%. The most common extra-articular manifestation was anterior uveitis,reported by 5.3% of patients. Human leukocytic antigen B27 (HLA-B27) was positive in 58.7% of the tested patients (n = 29). Mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease activity Index (BASDAI) score was 4.16 ± 2.12,of which 22 patients had a score more than 4; mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index 5.12 ± 2.40,mean BASMI 4.17 ± 2.95,mean BAS-GI 5.92 ± 2.00,and mean Health assessment questionnaire 1.10 ± 0.65. In addition,patients with AS showed a higher incapacity for work,felt more pain and presented more axial affection than others. The most utilized treatments were the conventional drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,followed by sulfasalazine (50%),methotrexate (14%),and steroids (6%). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors were received by 7 patients (14%),mostly in the form of Infliximab (85.7%) and were used by only 38.7% of patients with BASDAI of 4 or more. This registry provides the first clinical and demographic data of SpA patients in Egypt upon which a large-scale database registration can be initiated. The most frequently diagnosed SpA in Egyptian patients was AS,with mainly combined axial and peripheral involvement. The clinical spectrum of SpAs seen among Egyptians is similar to most other registries; however,Egyptian AS patients showed some differences in the clinical manifestations. The low frequency of HLA-B27 and the clinical variations in AS may be due to different genetic and/or environmental factors in Egypt."," Rheumatol Int. 2012 Sep;32(9):2837-42. ","Egypt",2012,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Egypt",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[17,"Parsi K,Chambers CJ,Armstrong AW. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a patient-centered care model for management of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):563-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.022.",null,"Parsi K,Chambers CJ,Armstrong AW. ","Cost-effectiveness analysis of a patient-centered care model for management of psoriasis.","Cost-effectiveness analyses help policymakers make informed decisions regarding funding allocation of health care resources. Cost-effectiveness analysis of technology-enabled models of health care delivery is necessary to assess sustainability of novel online,patient-centered health care models. We sought to compare cost-effectiveness of conventional in-office care with a patient-centered,online model for follow-up treatment of patients with psoriasis. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective on a randomized controlled trial comparing a patient-centered online model with in-office visits for treatment of patients with psoriasis during a 24-week period. Quality-adjusted life expectancy was calculated using the life table method. Costs were generated from the original study parameters and national averages for salaries and services. No significant difference existed in the mean change in Dermatology Life Quality Index scores between the two groups (online: 3.51 ± 4.48 and in-office: 3.88 ± 6.65,P value = .79). Mean improvement in quality-adjusted life expectancy was not significantly different between the groups (P value = .93),with a gain of 0.447 ± 0.48 quality-adjusted life years for the online group and a gain of 0.463 ± 0.815 quality-adjusted life years for the in-office group. The cost of follow-up psoriasis care with online visits was 1.7 times less than the cost of in-person visits ($315 vs $576). Variations in travel time existed among patients depending on their distance from the dermatologist's office. From a societal perspective,the patient-centered online care model appears to be cost saving,while maintaining similar effectiveness to standard in-office care."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Apr;66(4):563-70.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Various",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Various",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[18,"Amirnia M,Khodaeiani E,Fouladi RF,Hashemi A. Topical steroids versus PUVA therapy in moderate plaque psoriasis: a clinical trial along with cost analysis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2012 Apr;23(2):109-11. Doi: 10.3109/09546634.2010.519017.",null,"Amirnia M,Khodaeiani E,Fouladi RF,Hashemi A."," Topical steroids versus PUVA therapy in moderate plaque psoriasis: a clinical trial along with cost analysis.","Psoriasis is a common chronic disease. It is estimated that between US$1.6 billion and US$3.2 billion is spent per year to treat psoriasis. To compare psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) therapy with topical steroids in moderate plaque psoriasis. In this randomized,clinical trial with cost analysis,88 patients with moderate plaque psoriasis were recruited in two equal groups to receive either PUVA therapy or topical steroids. The induction phase was applied for 4 months and the patients were followed-up for another 3 months,while the maintenance therapy continued. Outcome,direct cost (related to medications,phototherapy,laboratory tests,and medical consultation),indirect cost (related to transportation and other extra expenditures) and total cost (direct plus indirect costs) were compared between the two groups. The outcome was equally satisfactory in both groups. The indirect cost was significantly higher in the PUVA group,while the direct and total costs as well as the patients' satisfaction rate were comparable. Recurrence was significantly more frequent in the topical group. Although both PUVA therapy and topical steroids are equally efficient and cost-effective in moderate plaque psoriasis,the recurrence rate is higher in the latter group."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2012 Apr;23(2):109-11.","Iran",2012,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Corticosteroids",null,null,null,null,null,"Iran",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Corticosteroids",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[19,"Freeman K. The two-compound formulation of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate for treatment of moderately severe body and scalp psoriasis - an introduction. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jan;27(1):197-203. Doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.540985.",null,"Freeman K."," The two-compound formulation of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate for treatment of moderately severe body and scalp psoriasis - an introduction.","Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease and many patients require lifelong treatment. Characteristic scaly,itchy,unsightly psoriatic lesions affect many body areas and most patients commonly experience scalp involvement. The cosmetic embarrassment of visible body lesions,inaccessibility of scalp skin to application of therapies and proximity of sensitive facial skin add to the challenges of most patients managing their psoriasis long term. Psoriasis can severely impact patients' quality of life. This can impact significantly on the patient. In economic terms patients may incur increased out-of-pocket expenditure or extended time away from work as a direct consequence of psoriasis,particularly in severe cases; In many countries,specialist review of patients provides pressures on hard-pressed services and the costs of psoriasis care are substantial,particularly in patients with severe recalcitrant psoriasis which may require lengthy inpatient admission. Around 80% of patients with psoriasis have mild to moderately severe disease and the majority are treated with topical medicines by their physician in primary care. Despite the availability of a wide range of treatment options,regimens have been unsatisfactory,associated with patient dissatisfaction,poor compliance and often safety concerns with long-term use. Evidence-based clinical guidelines aim to improve healthcare of patients and while there are such guidelines for psoriasis,to date the challenges of (and recommendations for) managing scalp psoriasis are often limited or missing from these treatment guidelines. In the following in-journal supplement,a connected suite of five papers focus on the use of topical therapies for the treatment of the person afflicted with psoriasis. This work harnesses robust evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of topical therapies commonly used in psoriasis patients and translates this into recommendations for the most appropriate treatment of patients with body or scalp psoriasis,from an efficacy,safety and cost-effectiveness perspective. Based upon systematic review and harnessing 'state of the art' evidence assessment methodologies,the modelling work suggests that the use of a two-compound formulation (TCF) product of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate is the most appropriate treatment option for both body and scalp psoriasis. This Editorial acknowledges the results of any modelling exercise have limitations; indeed such limitations are acknowledged in each modelling contribution in this issue. With these caveats in mind,this introductory paper considers the implications of this research and distillation of the evidence. This work should guide cost-effective treatment choices for body and scalp psoriasis,assist in recommendations for management of scalp psoriasis in future iterations of psoriasis clinical guidelines and help primary care physicians striving to attain best outcomes in the care of the person with psoriasis.","Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jan;27(1):197-203.","Unknown",2011,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids",null,null,null,null,null,"Unknown",null,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[20,"Koek MB,Sigurdsson V,van Weelden H,Steegmans PH,Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA,Buskens E. Cost effectiveness of home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (PLUTO study). BMJ. 2010 Apr 20;340():c1490.",null,"Koek MB,Sigurdsson V,van Weelden H,Steegmans PH,Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA,Buskens E."," Cost effectiveness of home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (PLUTO study).","To assess the costs and cost effectiveness of phototherapy with ultraviolet B light provided at home compared with outpatient ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis. Cost utility,cost effectiveness,and cost minimisation analyses performed alongside a pragmatic randomised clinical trial (the PLUTO study) at the end of phototherapy (mean 17.6 weeks) and at one year after the end of phototherapy (mean 68.4 weeks). Secondary care,provided by a dermatologist in the Netherlands. 196 adults with psoriasis who were clinically eligible for narrowband (TL-01) ultraviolet B phototherapy were recruited from the dermatology departments of 14 hospitals and were followed until the end of phototherapy. From the end of phototherapy onwards,follow-up was continued for an unselected,consecutive group of 105 patients for one year after end of phototherapy. Ultraviolet B phototherapy provided at home (intervention) and conventional outpatient ultraviolet B phototherapy (control) in a setting reflecting routine practice in the Netherlands. Both treatments used narrowband ultraviolet B lamps (TL-01). Total costs to society,quality adjusted life years (QALYs) as calculated using utilities measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire,and the number of days with a relevant treatment effect (>/=50% improvement of the baseline self administered psoriasis area and severity index (SAPASI)). Home phototherapy is at least as effective and safe as outpatient phototherapy,therefore allowing cost minimisation analyses (simply comparing costs). The average total costs by the end of phototherapy were euro800 for home treatment and euro752 for outpatient treatment,showing an incremental cost per patient of euro48 (95% CI euro-77 to euro174). The average total costs by one year after the end of phototherapy were euro1272 and euro1148 respectively (difference euro124,95% CI euro-155 to euro403). Cost utility analyses revealed that patients experienced equal health benefits-that is,a gain of 0.296 versus 0.291 QALY (home v outpatient) by the end of phototherapy (difference 0.0052,-0.0244 to 0.0348) and 1.153 versus 1.126 QALY by one year after the end of phototherapy (difference 0.0267,-0.024 to 0.078). Incremental costs per QALY gained were euro9276 and euro4646 respectively,both amounts well below the normally accepted standard of euro20 000 per QALY. Cost effectiveness analyses indicated that the mean number of days with a relevant treatment effect was 42.4 versus 55.3 by the end of phototherapy (difference -12.9,-23.4 to -2.4). By one year after the end of phototherapy the number of days with a relevant treatment effect were 216.5 and 210.4 respectively (6.1,-41.1 to 53.2),yielding an incremental cost of euro20 per additional day with a relevant treatment effect. Home ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis is not more expensive than phototherapy in an outpatient setting and proved to be cost effective. As both treatments are at least equally effective and patients express a preference for home treatment,the authors conclude that home phototherapy should be the primary treatment option for patients who are eligible for phototherapy with ultraviolet B light. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83025173 and Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00150930.","BMJ. 2010 Apr 20;340():c1490.","Netherlands",2010,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[21,"Kimball AB,Jacobson C,Weiss S,Vreeland MG,Wu Y. The psychosocial burden of psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(6):383-92.",null,"Kimball AB,Jacobson C,Weiss S,Vreeland MG,Wu Y"," The psychosocial burden of psoriasis.","Skin diseases such as psoriasis can profoundly influence a patient's self-image,self-esteem,and sense of well-being. Psoriasis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition with a disease burden that extends beyond the physical symptoms experienced by patients. Psoriasis affects all aspects of quality of life,including physical,psychologic,social,sexual,and occupational elements. The goal of this article was to review the published literature on the impact of psoriasis on quality of life. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE,EMBASE,and the Derwent Drug File databases of English-language articles published between 1993 and 2005 using the terms psoriasis in combination with quality of life,cost,cost-benefit analysis,economic,employment,days lost,healthcare,hospitalization,managed care,outcomes research,occupation,payers,and psychosocial. The reference lists of identified articles were checked for additional studies that might have been missed in the original searches. Data suggest that social stigmatization,high stress levels,physical limitations,depression,employment problems and other psychosocial co-morbidities experienced by patients with psoriasis are not always proportional to,or predicted by,other measurements of disease severity such as body surface area involvement or plaque severity. It is essential to include measures of psychosocial morbidity when assessing psoriasis severity and treatment efficacy because of the substantial role that psychosocial burden plays in patient perception of disease severity,quality of life,and disease course.","Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(6):383-92.","International",2005,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[22,"de Rie MA,de Hoop D,Jönsson L,Bakkers EJ,Sørensen M. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of calcipotriol (Daivonex/Dovonex) and UVB phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis: a Markov model for The Netherlands. Dermatology. 2001;202(1):38-43. doi: 51583.",null,"de Rie MA,de Hoop D,Jönsson L,Bakkers EJ,Sørensen M. ","Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of calcipotriol (Daivonex/Dovonex) and UVB phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis: a Markov model for The Netherlands.","The high prevalence and chronic nature of psoriasis leads to high costs in relation to the treatment and control of the disease. A number of clinical trials have shown that a combination therapy of calcipotriol cream (Daivonex/Dovonex),Leo Pharmaceutical Products) and ultraviolet B phototherapy (UVB) decreases the total number of UVB exposures required compared to UVB treatment alone. From a societal point of view,the addition of calcipotriol to UVB therapy could achieve cost savings due to the fewer UVB treatments needed and the reduced travelling and time off work for patients. Fewer UVB exposures may also have other beneficial effects,i.e.,shortened waiting lists and less risk to patients of developing cancer or photoaging of the skin. To compare the cost-effectiveness of treating psoriatic patients in the Netherlands with calcipotriol cream used daily combined with twice weekly UVB treatments to emollient used daily combined with UVB given 3 times weekly. Based on the clinical results from a Canadian trial,a decision-analytical model was constructed to simulate treatment outcomes and estimate the costs of managing psoriatic patients in the Netherlands over a period of 20 weeks from initiation of therapy. Unit costs and details of standard treatment protocols were collected from Dutch dermatology centres in hospitals and the community for use in the model. Other therapies,such as topical corticosteroids,tar or dithranol were not investigated in this analysis. The total cost of managing psoriatic patients in the Netherlands over a 20-week period is estimated as EUR 1,175.90 for those treated with calcipotriol and UVB and EUR 1,212.14 for patients treated with emollient and UVB. Thus,the former treatment,adding calcipotriol to UVB phototherapy,provides a minor cost saving of EUR 36.24 (3%) compared to the cost of UVB treatment alone. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that these results are sensitive to changes in the cost of UVB treatment. Calcipotriol treatment combined with UVB phototherapy is a cost-neutral alternative to UVB phototherapy used with an emollient. The patients achieve treatment success in the same time on both treatments but the former,with calcipotriol,requires less exposure to UVB radiation. The additional drug costs from using calcipotriol are offset by savings from the fewer UVB sessions required. Essential beneficial effects for patients are less inconvenience,less risk of developing photoaging of the skin and less exposure to potentially carcinogenic radiations.","Dermatology. 2001;202(1):38-43.","Netherlands",2001,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Calcipotriol",null,null,null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Calcipotriol",null,null,null,"2000:2004"]
[23,"Feldman SR,Fleischer AB Jr,Reboussin DM,Rapp SR,Bradham DD,Exum ML,Clark AR. The economic impact of psoriasis increases with psoriasis severity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Oct;37(4):564-9.",null,"Feldman SR,Fleischer AB Jr,Reboussin DM,Rapp SR,Bradham DD,Exum ML,Clark AR"," The economic impact of psoriasis increases with psoriasis severity.","Psoriasis treatments are known to be costly,but little is known about the financial impact of psoriasis and the way in which it relates to the severity of the disease. This study was performed to obtain an estimate of the treatment costs faced by patients with psoriasis. A total of 578 anonymous mail surveys were distributed to patients with psoriasis; 318 surveys were returned (55%). Psoriasis severity was assessed with the previously validated Self-Administered Psoriasis Area Severity Index (SAPASI). The total and out-of-pocket expenses to care for psoriasis were correlated with psoriasis severity (r = 0.26,p = 0.0001). There were no sex (p = 0.9) or racial (p = 0.4) differences in total expenditures. Severity was correlated with how bothersome to the patient was the cost of treatment (r = 0.30,p = 0.0001),the time required for treatment (r = 0.38,p = 0.0001),and the time lost from work (r = 0.23,p = 0.0001). Lower quality of life at work and in money matters also correlated with severity of psoriasis. Higher family income was associated with less time spent caring for psoriasis and less interference with work around the home. As expected,the expenses caring for psoriasis are greater for patients with more severe disease. These costs and other financial implications are associated with lower quality of life for patients with more severe psoriasis."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Oct;37(4):564-9.","USA",1997,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"1960:1999"]
[24,"Blauvelt A,Reich K,Tsai TF,Tyring S,Vanaclocha F,Kingo K,Ziv M,Pinter A,Vender R,Hugot S,You R,Milutinovic M,Thaçi D. Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: Results from the CLEAR study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):60-69.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.08.008.",null,"Blauvelt A,Reich K,Tsai TF,Tyring S,Vanaclocha F,Kingo K,Ziv M,Pinter A,Vender R,Hugot S,You R,Milutinovic M,Thaçi D. "," Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: Results from the CLEAR study.","Secukinumab demonstrated superior efficacy to ustekinumab at week 4 and week 16 of the CLEAR study,with comparable safety,in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. To compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab and ustekinumab use over 52 weeks. Analysis of 52-week data from CLEAR,a randomized,double-blind,phase 3b study. Among 676 randomized subjects,secukinumab demonstrated superiority to ustekinumab at week 52 in the proportion of subjects with ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) (76% vs 61% [P < .0001]); PASI 100 responses were 46% versus 36% (P = .0103) and Investigator's Global Assessment responses of clear/almost clear skin were 80% versus 65% (P < .0001). Subjects on secukinumab reported greater reductions in psoriasis-related pain,itching,and scaling,and greater improvement across all quality-of-life measures evaluated (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI],EuroQoL 5-Dimension Health Questionnaire,Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-Psoriasis,and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index). At week 52,72% of subjects on secukinumab versus 59% on ustekinumab (P = .0008) reported no impact of skin disease on their lives (DLQI 0/1 response). Safety and tolerability was comparable. There was no placebo arm. In this head-to-head,double-blind study,secukinumab demonstrated sustained superior efficacy in comparison with ustekinumab in clearing skin through week 52,greater improvement in quality of life,and a favorable and comparable safety profile."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):60-69.e9.","USA",2017,"Psoriasis","Secukinumab,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Secukinumab,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[25,"Gutknecht M,Krensel M,Augustin M. Health economic analyses of psoriasis management: a systematic literature search. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 Nov;308(9):601-616. doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1673-4.",null,"Gutknecht M,Krensel M,Augustin M. ","Health economic analyses of psoriasis management: a systematic literature search.","In the course of the chronic skin disease psoriasis,where a variety of treatment interventions is available,a strong growth of health economic studies comparing treatment costs and benefits can be noticed. The objective was to identify health economic evaluations of psoriasis treatments that have been published to date. Of particular interest were the mostly used analysis and outcome parameters,the compared treatments,and the question,if available health economic studies may be used to perform a meta-analysis of qualitative findings. A systematic literature search using PubMed Medline,Ovid Medline,and Cochrane Library was performed for articles,published and available until mid of January 2016. Among the key words were the terms \"psoriasis\" and \"cost-effectiveness\". The search resulted in 318 articles without duplicates. Thereof 60 health economic analyses in psoriasis management were identified. Most of these are cost-effectiveness evaluations (45). The clinical parameter PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) is the most often used cost-effectiveness outcome (33) followed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (6). In case of cost-utility analyses,QALYs (quality-adjusted life-years) were mostly generated with the help of EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) (12),which was partly based on PASI and DLQI values. The majority of health economic studies is focusing on the direct medical and non-medical costs without consideration of productivity losses. Almost 70 % of 60 publications were conducted in Europe. Overall,most considered systemic treatments were the biological agents etanercept (36),adalimumab (27),and infliximab (26) followed by ustekinumab (17) and phototherapy (incl. UV-B,PUVA/psoralen combined with UV-A) (14). Comparisons including only topical treatments mostly focused on vitamin D treatment (14),corticosteroids (13),and coal tar products (6) followed by dithranol (5) and tazarotene (4). Given the setting,compared treatments,and study conditions,different results can be found for medical decision-making. Thereby,it can be noted that there are no standards on methods and outcomes measures available. This leads to a very limited comparability of health economic studies and presents no comfortable basis to examine a meta-analysis of health economic results. The presented systematic review shows the need for nationwide data and interpretation."," Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 Nov;308(9):601-616. ","International",2016,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Coal tar,Dithranol,Tazarotene,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Phototherapy,Coal tar,Dithranol,Tazarotene,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[26,"Beroukhim K,Danesh M,Nguyen C,Farahnik B,Levin E,Leon A,Koo J. A prospective,interventional assessment of the impact of ustekinumab treatment on psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016 Nov;27(6):552-555. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2016.1165339.",null,"Beroukhim K,Danesh M,Nguyen C,Farahnik B,Levin E,Leon A,Koo J.","A prospective,interventional assessment of the impact of ustekinumab treatment on psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairment.","The negative impact of psoriasis on quality of life is well documented. Psoriasis is also associated with impairments in work productivity and daily activities. This study was conducted to prospectively measure the impact of ustekinumab treatment on work productivity and daily activity impairments due to psoriasis,using the Work Productivity and Activity Index: Psoriasis instrument. Thirty-two patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis received 36 weeks of ustekinumab and were followed every 4 weeks. During each visit,patients were evaluated using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index and Work Productivity and Activity Index: Psoriasis instrument. Thirty-two patients completed the study. There was no change in unemployment rate after treatment. Twenty-two patients who were employed at both baseline and week 36 experienced a significant decrease in total work productivity impairment,presenteeism and a non-significant decrease in absenteeism. All patients demonstrated significant reduction in total activity impairment. This study was limited by the lack of a placebo group and a small sample size. This study demonstrates the benefits of ustekinumab treatment in terms of reducing psoriasis-related work productivity and activity impairments among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2016 Nov;27(6):552-555.","USA",2016,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[27,"Küster D,Nast A,Gerdes S,Weberschock T,Wozel G,Gutknecht M,Schmitt J. Cost-effectiveness of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the German health care setting. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 May;308(4):249-61. doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1634-y.",null,"Küster D,Nast A,Gerdes S,Weberschock T,Wozel G,Gutknecht M,Schmitt J.","Cost-effectiveness of systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the German health care setting.","Systemic treatments of moderate-to-severe psoriasis differ substantially in terms of effectiveness and costs. Comprehensive economic-evaluations of all systemic treatments for psoriasis from a societal perspective are missing. The objective of our study was to compare the cost-effectiveness all systemic treatments approved for moderate-to-severe psoriasis from a societal perspective,by including all cost categories. An incremental cost-effectiveness-analysis was performed for all systemic treatments for psoriasis,currently recommended by the German S3-Guideline i.e. methotrexate,cyclosporine,fumaric acid esters,and retinoids,adalimumab,etanercept,infliximab and ustekinumab. We used a Markov model with time-dependent transition probabilities and a time horizon of 2 years to investigate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Both direct and indirect costs were considered to reflect the societal perspective. Effectiveness outcome was PASI-75 response. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored the effect of treatment duration,discount rate,effectiveness,and the perspective (societal vs. healthcare system) on the findings. According to the base-case analysis a cost-effective treatment pathway for moderate-to-severe psoriasis starts with methotrexate,followed by ustekinumab 90 mg and infliximab,if methotrexate does not achieve or maintain PASI-75 response. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the general robustness of these findings with methotrexate being most cost-effective. However,from a third-party-payer perspective (without indirect cost) conventional therapies were generally more cost-effective than biologics. From a value-based healthcare perspective,methotrexate should be the systemic treatment of first choice,ustekinumab 90 mg second choice and infliximab third choice for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. From a societal perspective,the other treatments are less efficient according to our model. From a third-party-payer perspective conventional therapies are more cost-effective than biologics.","Arch Dermatol Res. 2016 May;308(4):249-61.","Germany",2016,"Psoriatic arthritis","Cyclosporine,Fumaric acid,Methotrexate,Retinoids,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Cyclosporine,Fumaric acid,Methotrexate,Retinoids,Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab,Ustekinumab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[28,"Olivieri I,Cortesi PA,de Portu S,Salvarani C,Cauli A,Lubrano E,Spadaro A,Cantini F,Ciampichini R,Cutro MS,Mathieu A,Matucci-Cerinic M,Punzi L,Scarpa R,Mantovani LG,PACE Working Group. Long-term costs and outcomes in psoriatic arthritis patients not responding to conventional therapy treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: the extension of the Psoriatic Arthritis Cost Evaluation (PACE) study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;34(1):68-75.",null,"Olivieri I,Cortesi PA,de Portu S,Salvarani C,Cauli A,Lubrano E,Spadaro A,Cantini F,Ciampichini R,Cutro MS,Mathieu A,Matucci-Cerinic M,Punzi L,Scarpa R,Mantovani LG,PACE Working Group"," Long-term costs and outcomes in psoriatic arthritis patients not responding to conventional therapy treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: the extension of the Psoriatic Arthritis Cost Evaluation (PACE) study.","Poor information on long-term outcomes and costs on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are available. Our aim was to evaluate long-term costs and benefits of TNF- inhibitors in PsA patients with inadequate response to conventional treatment with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARDs). Fifty-five out of 107 enrolled patients included in the study at one year,completed the 5-year follow-up period. These patients were enrolled in 8 of 9 centres included in the study at one year. Patients aged older than 18 years,with different forms of PsA and failure or intolerance to tDMARDs therapy were treated with anti-TNF agents. Information on resource use,health-related quality of life (HRQoL),disease activity,function and laboratory values were collected at baseline and through the 5 years of therapy. Costs (expressed in Euro 2011) and utility (measured by EQ-5D instrument) before TNF inhibitor therapy and after 1 and 5 years were compared. The majority of patients (46 out of 55; 83.6%) had a predominant or exclusive peripheral arthritis and 16.4% had predominant or exclusive axial involvement. There was a statistically significant improvement of the most important clinical variables after 1 year of follow-up. These improvements were maintained also after 5 years. The direct costs increased by approximately €800 per patient-month after 1 year,the indirect costs decreased by €100 and the overall costs increased by more than €700 per patient-month due to the cost of TNF inhibitor therapy. Costs at 5 year were similar to the costs at 1 year. The HRQoL parameters showed the same trends of the clinical variables. EQ-5D VAS,EQ-5D utility and SF-36 PCS score showed a significant improvement after 1 year,maintained at 5 years. SF-36 MCS showed an improvement only at 5 years. The results of our study suggest that TNF blockers have long-term efficacy. The higher cost of TNF inhibitor therapy was balanced by a significant improvement of HRQoL,stable at 5 years of follow-up. Our results need to be confirmed in larger samples of patients."," Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;34(1):68-75.","Italy",2016,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[29,"Rouse NC,Farhangian ME,Wehausen B,Feldman SR. The cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(6):877-84. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2015.1102634.",null,"Rouse NC,Farhangian ME,Wehausen B,Feldman SR.","The cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. ","Given its chronicity and impact on quality of life,psoriasis is a costly disease. As new and better treatments are developed,the cost of treating psoriasis has risen. In this drug profile,the authors discuss ustekinumab,its pharmacokinetics,safety profile,and direct and indirect costs to determine its cost-efficacy. The authors searched PubMed with specific search phrases for clinical trials investigating this issue over 5 years. Eleven articles analyzed cost-effectiveness of ustekinumab,and the references of these articles were included. Studies limited to 12 weeks reported that ustekinumab may not be cost-effective as it has high cost per injection and is costly when loading doses are required. Studies that went beyond 12 weeks documented that,with ustekinumab's infrequent dosing,it is cost-effective during the maintenance period.","Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(6):877-84.","International",2015,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Ustekinumab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[30,"Polistena B,Calzavara-Pinton P,Altomare G,Berardesca E,Girolomoni G,Martini P,Peserico A,Puglisi Guerra A,Spandonaro F,Vena Gino A,Chimenti S,Ayala F. The impact of biologic therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis from a societal perspective: an analysis based on Italian actual clinical practice. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Dec;29(12):2411-6. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13307",null,"Polistena B,Calzavara-Pinton P,Altomare G,Berardesca E,Girolomoni G,Martini P,Peserico A,Puglisi Guerra A,Spandonaro F,Vena Gino A,Chimenti S,Ayala F.","The impact of biologic therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis from a societal perspective: an analysis based on Italian actual clinical practice.","Psoriasis is one of the most common forms of chronic dermatitis,affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population. It has a serious effect on the way patients perceive themselves and others,thereby prejudicing their quality of life and giving rise to a significant deterioration in their psycho-physical well-being; it also poses greater difficulties for them in leading a normal social life,including their ability to conduct a normal working life. All the above-mentioned issues imply a cost for the society. This study proposes to evaluate the impact on societal costs for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis with biologics (etanercept,infliximab and adalimumab) in the Italian clinical practice. A prospective observational study has been conducted in 12 specialized centres of the Psocare network,located throughout Italy. Direct and indirect costs (as well as the health-related quality of life of patients with plaque psoriasis undergoing biologic treatments) have been estimated,while the societal impact has been determined using a cost-utility approach. Non-medical and indirect costs account for as much as 44.97% of the total cost prior to treatment and to 6.59% after treatment,with an overall 71.38% decrease. Adopting a societal perspective in the actual clinical practice of the Italian participating centres,the ICER of biologic therapies for treating plaque psoriasis amounted to €18634.40 per QALY gained--a value far from the €28656.30 obtained by adopting a third-party payer perspective. Our study confirms that chronic psoriasis subjects patients to a considerable burden,together with their families and caregivers,stressing how important it is to take the societal perspective into consideration during the appraisal process. Besides,using data derived from Italian actual practice,treatment with biologics shows a noteworthy benefit in social terms.","J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Dec;29(12):2411-6. ","Italy",2015,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept,Infliximab",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[31,"Schmitt J,Küster D. Correlation between Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) allows the calculation of percent work productivity loss in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015 Jul;307(5):451-3. doi: 10.1007/s00403-015-1567-x.",null,"Schmitt J,Küster D.","Correlation between Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) allows the calculation of percent work productivity loss in patients with psoriasis.","Data on indirect costs are vital for cost-effectiveness studies from a societal perspective. In contrast to quality of life,information on productivity loss is rarely collected in psoriasis trials. We aimed to identify a model to deduce indirect costs (presenteeism and absenteeism) of psoriasis from the Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) of affected patients to facilitate health economic evaluations for psoriasis. We undertook a cross-sectional mapping study including 201 patients with physician-diagnosed psoriasis and investigated the relationship between quality of life (DLQI) and productivity loss (Work Limitations Questionnaire,WLQ--using the \"output demands\" subscale) using linear bootstrap regression analysis to set up an equation model allowing the calculation of percent work productivity loss per DLQI unit increase. DLQI and WLQ scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.47; p < 0.0001) The final equation model suggests a 0.545 and 0.560% decrease in productivity due to presenteeism and absenteeism per DLQI unit increase,with y-intercepts at 1.654 and 0.536,respectively. In the absence of data on indirect cost,work productivity loss due to psoriasis can be estimated from DLQI scores using the equations,Y = 0.545 × DLQI score + 1.654 for presenteeism (%) and Y = 0.560 × DLQI score + 0.536 for absenteeism (%).","Arch Dermatol Res. 2015 Jul;307(5):451-3.","Germany",2015,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[32,"Papp KA,Barber K,Bissonnette R,Bourcier M,Lynde CW,Poulin Y,Shelton J,Garces K,Toole J,Poulin-Costello M. Improvements in patient-reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis receiving etanercept plus topical therapies: results from REFINE. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Aug;29(8):1555-61. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12934.",null,"Papp KA,Barber K,Bissonnette R,Bourcier M,Lynde CW,Poulin Y,Shelton J,Garces K,Toole J,Poulin-Costello M."," Improvements in patient-reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis receiving etanercept plus topical therapies: results from REFINE.","The REFINE study examined the efficacy and safety of adding topical corticosteroid therapy to etanercept when stepping down from the initial dose of etanercept to the maintenance dose. Clinical responses were shown to be similar in patients who remained on etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (BIW) and those who received etanercept 50 mg once weekly (QW) plus topical therapies through week 24. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients in REFINE. All patients received etanercept 50 mg BIW for 12 weeks and were then randomized to etanercept 50 mg BIW or etanercept 50 mg QW plus topical corticosteroid as required to clear through week 24. HRQoL measures included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI),Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) and the Economic Implications of Psoriasis Patient Questionnaire. No comparative testing was performed for this descriptive analysis. Missing data were imputed using the last observation carried forward. For 287 randomized patients (144 etanercept; 143 etanercept plus topical),the mean change [standard deviation (SD)] in DLQI from baseline to week 24 was 10.7 (7.8) for etanercept and 9.9 (6.9) for etanercept plus topical. Mean change (SD) in TSQM effectiveness,convenience,side-effects and global satisfaction was 27.1 (36.1),14.8 (25.9),-0.7 (22.0) and 26.7 (32.5) for the etanercept arm and 32.5 (40.3),18.5 (29.0),1.3 (19.4) and 28.4 (35.9) for etanercept plus topical. Economic implications,including healthcare visits,employment status,work productivity,ability to perform daily activities and out-of-pocket expenses were similar between treatment arms. At week 24 of REFINE,measures of HRQoL were numerically similar in patients who stayed on etanercept 50 mg BIW and patients who received etanercept 50 mg QW plus topical therapies."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Aug;29(8):1555-61. ","Canada",2015,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Corticosteroids,Etanercept",null,null,null,null,null,"Canada",null,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Corticosteroids,Etanercept",null,null,null,"2015:2017"]
[33,"Lapadula G,Marchesoni A,Armuzzi A,Blandizzi C,Caporali R,Chimenti S,Cimaz R,Cimino L,Gionchetti P,Girolomoni G,Lionetti P,Marcellusi A,Mennini FS,Salvarani C. Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan-Mar;27(1 Suppl):33-48.",null,"Lapadula G,Marchesoni A,Armuzzi A,Blandizzi C,Caporali R,Chimenti S,Cimaz R,Cimino L,Gionchetti P,Girolomoni G,Lionetti P,Marcellusi A,Mennini FS,Salvarani C."," Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. ","Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). TNF inhibition results in down-regulation of abnormal and progressive inflammatory processes,resulting in rapid and sustained clinical remission,improved quality of life and prevention of target organ damage. Adalimumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody directed against TNF. In this article,we review the role and cost effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of IMIDs in adults and children. The efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab has been demonstrated in patients with a wide range of inflammatory conditions,leading to regulatory approval in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),psoriatic arthritis (PsA),plaque psoriasis,inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease,ulcerative colitis,paediatric Crohn's disease,and intestinal Behçet's disease),ankylosing spondylitis (AS),axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The major tolerability issues with adalimumab are class effects,such as injection site reactions and increased risk of infection and lymphoma. As with all anti-TNF agents,adalimumab is immunogenic,although less than infliximab,and some patients receiving long-term adalimumab will develop anti-drug antibodies,causing a loss of response. Comparisons of its clinical utility and cost effectiveness have shown it to be a valid treatment choice in a wide range of patients. Recent data from Italian economic studies show the cost effectiveness of adalimumab to be below the threshold value for health care interventions for most indications. In addition,analysis of indirect costs shows that adalimumab significantly reduces social costs associated with RA,PsA,AS,Crohn's disease and psoriasis. The fact that adalimumab has the widest range of approved indications,many often presenting together in the same patient due to the common pathogenesis,may further improve the utility of adalimumab. Current clinical evidence shows adalimumab to be a valuable resource in the management of IMIDs. Further research,designed to identify patients who may benefit most from this drug,will better highlight the role and cost-effectiveness of this versatile TNF inhibitor."," Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan-Mar;27(1 Suppl):33-48.","Italy",2014,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[34,"Papp KA,Sundaram M,Bao Y,Williams DA,Gu Y,Signorovitch JE,Wang Y,Valdes JM,Mulani PM. Effects of briakinumab treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis on health-related quality of life and work productivity and activity impairment: results from a randomized phase III study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Jun;28(6):790-8. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12177.",null,"Papp KA,Sundaram M,Bao Y,Williams DA,Gu Y,Signorovitch JE,Wang Y,Valdes JM,Mulani PM. "," Effects of briakinumab treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis on health-related quality of life and work productivity and activity impairment: results from a randomized phase III study.","Psoriasis is known to have a significant negative impact on a patient's health-related quality of life,including social,recreational and work activities. To evaluate the effects of briakinumab on quality of life and work productivity measures in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Patients received either briakinumab (n = 981) or placebo (n = 484) during the 12-week induction phase of trial M06-890. At week 12,patients with a Physician's Global Assessment score of 'Clear' or 'Minimal' entered the 40-week maintenance phase and were to receive briakinumab every 4 weeks,briakinumab every 12 weeks,or placebo. At weeks 12 and 52,treatment groups were compared using mean change from baseline in health-related quality of life and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire scores and the percentage of patients with minimum clinically important differences. At week 12,more than half of the briakinumab-treated patients achieved improvements meeting or exceeding minimum clinically important differences for Dermatology Life Quality Index (75.9%),and psoriasis- (64.8%),and psoriatic arthritis-related (54.1%) pain scores; 48.4% achieved improvements for activity impairment. Although improvements in quality of life and work productivity measures were maintained at week 52 for both briakinumab regimens,responder rates were consistently greater in the every-4-week group than in the every-12-week group. Briakinumab treatment resulted in clinically significant improvements in quality of life and work productivity in adults with moderate to severe psoriasis. Maintenance therapy was associated with a more pronounced benefit for the every-4-week briakinumab regimen."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Jun;28(6):790-8. ","Canada",2014,"Psoriatic arthritis","Briakinumab",null,null,null,null,null,"Canada",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Briakinumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[35,"Ekelund M, Mallbris L, Qvitzau S, Stenberg B. A higher score on the dermatology life quality index, being on systemic treatment and having a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased costs in patients with plaque psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013 Nov;93(6):684-8. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1591.",null,"Ekelund M, Mallbris L, Qvitzau S, Stenberg B."," A higher score on the dermatology life quality index, being on systemic treatment and having a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased costs in patients with plaque psoriasis.","The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of disease severity and costs from a societal perspective in patients with plaque psoriasis. Dermatologists in Sweden recruited 443 consecutive patients who had had no biological treatment during the past 12 months. Following a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) assessment, subjects completed self-assessments on health status/quality of life and a healthcare resource utilization/work status questionnaire. The costs of healthcare resources and sick-leave due to plaque psoriasis were estimated and related to the subject's health status. A patient's Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and being on systemic therapy, or having diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis, appeared to be more strongly associated with direct and indirect costs than did their PASI. The cost of biological therapy should be considered from the perspective of the already high costs of patients with high DLQI undergoing traditional systemic treatment.","Acta Derm Venereol. 2013 Nov;93(6):684-8.","Sweden",2013,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Sweden",null,"Psoriasis,Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[36,"Armstrong AW, Schupp C, Wu J, Bebo B. Quality of life and work productivity impairment among psoriasis patients: findings from the National Psoriasis Foundation survey data 2003-2011. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052935.",null,"Armstrong AW, Schupp C, Wu J, Bebo B."," Quality of life and work productivity impairment among psoriasis patients: findings from the National Psoriasis Foundation survey data 2003-2011.","To ascertain impairment in quality of life and work productivity among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. From 2003 through 2011, the National Psoriasis Foundation collected survey data from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis via email and telephone correspondences. Survey data were collected from psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients in the general community in the U.S. Quality of life focusing on emotional impact (anger, frustration, helplessness, etc.) and physical impact (pain, pruritus, physical irritation, etc.); employment status. The surveys were performed through random sampling of participants from a database of over 75,000 patients. From 2003 to 2011, 5,604 patients completed the surveys. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis affected overall emotional wellbeing in 88% of patients, and they interfered with enjoyment of life in 82%. Most patients reported experiencing anger (89%), frustration (89%), helplessness (87%), embarrassment (87%), and self-consciousness (89%). Many patients also actively concealed physical manifestations of their diseases (83%), and experienced pain (83%) and pruritus (93%) regularly. Of note, 12% of patients were unemployed, and 11% worked part-time. Among unemployed patients, 92% cited psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis as the sole reasons for not working. Among working patients, 49% missed work days regularly due to psoriasis. Compared to patients with mild psoriasis, patients with severe psoriasis have 1.8 times greater odds to be unemployed after adjusting for age and gender (Adjusted OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis continue to experience significant impairment of quality of life and work productivity."," PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52935.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[37,"Levy AR, Davie AM, Brazier NC, Jivraj F, Albrecht LE, Gratton D, Lynde CW. Economic burden of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Canada. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;51(12):1432-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05359.x.",null,"Levy AR, Davie AM, Brazier NC, Jivraj F, Albrecht LE, Gratton D, Lynde CW. ","Economic burden of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Canada. ","Psoriasis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately one million Canadians. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic burden in $CDN (2008) of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis among Canadian adults. Using a cross-sectional design, direct resource use, costs, lost productivity, and quality of life were obtained for 90 subjects diagnosed with psoriasis in three dermatology clinics in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. An Excel-based economic model was developed to project the annual cost of psoriasis, from the societal perspective. The estimated mean annual cost of psoriasis was $7999/subject (95% CI: $3563-$12,434) with direct costs accounting for 57%. Mean lost productivity costs, which accounted for 43% of the mean annual costs of psoriasis, were $3442/subject (95% CI: $1293-$5590). Projecting the mean costs per patient to the afflicted population yields an estimated total annual cost of $1.7 billion (95% CI: $0.8-$2.6 billion) attributable to moderate to severe psoriasis in Canada. Understanding the interplay between direct costs, lost productivity, and quality of life is critical for accurately identifying and evaluating effective treatments for this disease.","Int J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;51(12):1432-40. ","Canada",2012,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Canada",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[38,"Cortesi PA, Scalone L, D'Angiolella L, Belisari A, Fusco F, Olivieri I, Mantovani LG. Systematic literature review on economic implications and pharmacoeconomic issues of psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012 Jul-Aug;30(4 Suppl 73):S126-31.",null,"Cortesi PA, Scalone L, D'Angiolella L, Belisari A, Fusco F, Olivieri I, Mantovani LG."," Systematic literature review on economic implications and pharmacoeconomic issues of psoriatic arthritis.","The introduction of anti tumour necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) agents has greatly advanced the management of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Functional disability in patients with PsA may result in significant impairment of Quality of Life (QoL), psychosocial disability and productivity loss. Although many patients respond adequately to methotrexate and other therapies, in patients who have incomplete responses, anti TNF-α agents reduce inflammation and minimise joints damage, increasing functional capacity and QoL, and decreasing the progression rate of structural damage in peripheral joints. Because of the high costs associated to anti TNF-α agents therapy, an increasing number of economic evaluations have been performed over the last few years, and several cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness studies have been published concerning use of anti TNF-α agents in management of PsA. We performed a systematic literature review to better understand the pharmacoeconomic perspective of PsA. The pharmacoeconomic studies analysed have demonstrated the high socioeconomic burden of PsA and that TNF-α blockers treatment options provide value for money in the musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestations of psoriatic disease.\n"," Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012 Jul-Aug;30(4 Suppl 73):S126-31.","International",2012,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[39,"Strober BE, Sobell JM, Duffin KC, Bao Y, Guérin A, Yang H, Goldblum O, Okun MM, Mulani PM. Sleep quality and other patient-reported outcomes improve after patients with psoriasis with suboptimal response to other systemic therapies are switched to adalimumab: results from PROGRESS, an open-label Phase IIIB trial. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1374-81. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12000.",null,"Strober BE, Sobell JM, Duffin KC, Bao Y, Guérin A, Yang H, Goldblum O, Okun MM, Mulani PM."," Sleep quality and other patient-reported outcomes improve after patients with psoriasis with suboptimal response to other systemic therapies are switched to adalimumab: results from PROGRESS, an open-label Phase IIIB trial.","Psoriasis is associated with poor health-related quality of life, including sleep impairment. To assess the extent of sleep impairment, the effect of adalimumab on sleep and other patient-reported outcomes, and correlations between changes in these outcomes and sleep quality in patients with psoriasis. Patients in the 16-week, open-label, Phase IIIb PROGRESS trial had chronic plaque psoriasis and suboptimal response to prior therapy (etanercept, methotrexate or narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy). Adalimumab was self-injected subcutaneously (80 mg at week 0, then 40 mg every other week from week 1). The focus for this analysis was the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Other patient-reported outcomes included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Physician's Global Assessment, a visual analogue scale for psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA) pain, and the Work Productivity and Activity Index Questionnaire-Specific Health Problems. Patients with psoriasis had impaired sleep at baseline. The degree of sleep impairment was significantly associated with the extent of work productivity for all sleep measures and, for some sleep measures, was associated with DLQI impairment, clinical severity measured by PASI, the presence of PsA, and depression. Adalimumab treatment significantly improved sleep quality by 15% from baseline, as well as DLQI score, pain and work productivity. The improvement in sleep was partially explained (R(2 ) = 0·16, P < 0·001) by improvements in the objectively measured psoriasis signs in PASI. Adalimumab treatment improved sleep outcomes and other patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life, work productivity, daily activity and disease-related pain."," Br J Dermatol. 2012 Dec;167(6):1374-81.","USA",2012,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[40,"Knight C, Mauskopf J, Ekelund M, Singh A, Yang S, Boggs R. Cost-effectiveness of treatment with etanercept for psoriasis in Sweden. Eur J Health Econ. 2012 Apr;13(2):145-56. doi: 10.1007/s10198-010-0293-8.",null,"Knight C, Mauskopf J, Ekelund M, Singh A, Yang S, Boggs R. ","Cost-effectiveness of treatment with etanercept for psoriasis in Sweden. ","To estimate the cost-effectiveness, from a Swedish societal perspective, of intermittent use of etanercept (Enbrel) with interruptions of use after 24 weeks compared to continuous use of adalimumab (Humira) as well as non-systemic standard of care in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. A Markov decision-tree model was constructed from clinical trials results. Patients starting etanercept, adalimumab, or non-systemic therapy moved through the model's 10-years horizon. Model input parameters included clinical response rates. Outcome measures included direct and indirect costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The incremental total (direct and indirect) costs per QALY were 1,559,939 kr (165,354) for adalimumab 40 mg every other week, compared with intermittent once-weekly Enbrel 50 mg, and 93,629 kr (9,925) for once-weekly intermittent etanercept 50 mg compared with non-systemic standard of care. This analysis showed that, with a 470,000 kr (50,000) per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, once-weekly etanercept 50 mg, used intermittently, is a cost-effective treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis compared with adalimumab and non-systemic standard of care.","Eur J Health Econ. 2012 Apr;13(2):145-56.","Sweden",2012,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept",null,null,null,null,null,"Sweden",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab,Etanercept",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[41,"Kimball AB, Bensimon AG, Guerin A, Yu AP, Wu EQ, Okun MM, Bao Y, Gupta SR, Mulani PM. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with co-morbidities: Subanalysis of results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Feb 1;12(1):51-62. doi: 10.2165/11530640-000000000-00000.",null,"Kimball AB, Bensimon AG, Guerin A, Yu AP, Wu EQ, Okun MM, Bao Y, Gupta SR, Mulani PM. ","Efficacy and safety of adalimumab among patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with co-morbidities: Subanalysis of results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. ","Psoriasis is associated with a variety of major physical and mental co-morbidities. To assess the incremental burden of co-morbidities on patient-reported outcomes and evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in psoriasis patients with co-morbidities. Data were obtained from the initial 16-week, double-blind treatment period of REVEAL (Randomized controlled EValuation of adalimumab Every other week dosing in moderate to severe psoriasis triAL), a randomized, multicenter, phase III clinical trial. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio to receive adalimumab 80 mg (two 40 mg injections administered subcutaneously) at baseline followed by one 40 mg injection every other week from week 1 to week 15 or placebo. Clinical severity (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI]) and patient-reported outcomes (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], Short Form 36 [SF-36] health survey, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI] questionnaire) were assessed during the trial. The effect of selected co-morbidities (i.e. hypertension, psoriatic arthritis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, depression, other forms of arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular diseases) on patient-reported outcomes was evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance models. Subgroup analyses were performed by co-morbidity type to statistically compare the clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcome benefits, and safety of adalimumab with placebo in the presence of these conditions. Study co-morbidities were each independently associated with significantly greater impairment on at least one general patient-reported outcome measured at baseline (all p < 0.05), with the exception of hyperlipidemia. During the 16-week study, adalimumab patients demonstrated significantly greater PASI 75 response rates (defined as a reduction of at least 75% in PASI scores from baseline) compared with placebo patients for all co-morbidity subgroups. Adalimumab provided consistent improvements in DLQI, SF-36 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores, and WPAI total scores from baseline to week 16 within co-morbidity subgroups. Rates of serious adverse events (AEs), serious infectious AEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation were comparable between adalimumab and placebo for patients with co-morbidities. Co-morbidities were associated with additionally impaired health-related quality of life and work productivity in patients with psoriasis. Adalimumab significantly improved efficacy and patient-reported outcomes and was well tolerated in patients with co-morbidities.","Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Feb 1;12(1):51-62.","USA",2011,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[42,"Meyer N, Paul C, Feneron D, Bardoulat I, Thiriet C, Camara C, Sid-Mohand D, Le Pen C, Ortonne JP. Psoriasis: an epidemiological evaluation of disease burden in 590 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Sep;24(9):1075-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03600.x.",null,"Meyer N, Paul C, Feneron D, Bardoulat I, Thiriet C, Camara C, Sid-Mohand D, Le Pen C, Ortonne JP."," Psoriasis: an epidemiological evaluation of disease burden in 590 patients.","There are limited data available on the economical burden of psoriasis and its impact on everyday life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of psoriasis on personal and professional life, and to evaluate the cost of psoriasis for the patient. We performed a cross-sectional study in psoriasis patients. All patients aged >or=18 years with a diagnosis of plaque-psoriasis confirmed by a physician were included. A self-administered questionnaire evaluating everyday life was constructed with members of the French association of psoriasis patients. In addition, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Working Productivity and Activity Impairment and individual costs were assessed. A total of 590 patients completed the study. Mean age of the responders was 56 years. The mean DLQI score was 8.5 for patients with severe psoriasis vs. 6.4 for mild psoriasis. Global loss of productivity was 10.7% without significant difference according to the disease severity. Daily activities alteration was most important in patients with severe psoriasis. In this study, 36.8% of patients with severe psoriasis reported a negative impact on their professional life vs. 19.6% for patients with mild psoriasis (P = 0.002). Time devoted to phototherapy was on average 33 h/year/patient and the application of emollients took 25 h/year/patient; 47.3% of patients had a feeling to clean the house more often, in correlation with the severity of the disease. Mean out-of-pocket expenses for the disease was estimated to be 543 euro/year/patient. High impact of psoriasis on quality of life (DLQI >10), age <40 years and joint involvement were significantly associated with an increased risk of loss of work productivity. Psoriasis, particularly severe psoriasis, is a true burden for patients and impacts significantly everyday life and patient's economical resources.","Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Sep;24(9):1075-82. ","France",2010,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"France",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2010:2014"]
[43,"Brodszky V, Bálint P, Géher P, Hodinka L, Horváth G, Koó É, Péntek M, Polgár A, Seszták M, Szántó S, Ujfalussy I, Gulácsi L. Disease burden of psoriatic arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis, Hungarian experiment. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Dec;30(2):199-205. doi: 10.1007/s00296-009-0936-1.",null,"Brodszky V, Bálint P, Géher P, Hodinka L, Horváth G, Koó É, Péntek M, Polgár A, Seszták M, Szántó S, Ujfalussy I, Gulácsi L. ","Disease burden of psoriatic arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis, Hungarian experiment. ","The objectives of this study were to assess the costs of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Hungary and to identify key cost drivers among demographic and clinical variables and to compare cost-of-illness of PsA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cross-sectional retrospective survey of 183 consecutive patients from eight rheumatology centres was conducted. Mean direct medical, direct non medical, indirect and total costs were 1,876, 794, 2,904 and 5,574 euros/patient/year, respectively. Total costs were in significant linear relationship with health assessment questionnaire score and psoriatic area severity index. Costs of RA were higher in all domains than of PsA. Our study was the first from the Eastern European region that provides cost-of-illness data on PsA. Our study revealed that functional status and severity of skin symptoms were the key cost drivers. The costs of PsA in Hungary were lower than in the high-income European countries.","Rheumatol Int. 2009 Dec;30(2):199-205.","Hungary",2009,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Hungary",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[44,"Augustin M, Reich K, Reich C, Purwins S, Jeff Rustenbach S, Schäfer I, Radtke M. Quality of psoriasis care in Germany--results of the national study PsoHealth 2007. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Aug;6(8):640-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06807.x.",null,"Augustin M, Reich K, Reich C, Purwins S, Jeff Rustenbach S, Schäfer I, Radtke M. "," Quality of psoriasis care in Germany--results of the national study PsoHealth 2007.","Many different forms of treatment are available for psoriasis. The German standard is the national AWMF S3 guideline. A national survey on psoriasis care in 2005 indicated deficits in psoriasis care in Germany. Assessment of the health care situation of patients with psoriasis in Germany. Nation-wide cross-sectional study, in 142 dermatological practices and clinics. The following data were documented: a) Doctor Questionnaire: Treatment, illnesses, clinical characteristics and severity (PASI). b) Patient Questionnaire: Quality of life (QoL), patient relevant therapeutic benefits and satisfaction with the quality of the care. A panel of experts developed and analyzed 8 criteria as indicators of the quality of care. Of the 2009 evaluated patients, 11.6% suffered from severe psoriasis (PASI > 20) and 27.4% from moderate psoriasis (PASI 10-20). The average PASI value was 10.1, and the DLQI 7.5. 32.2% of patients had a serious reduction in their QoL (DLQI > 10). The share of patients with preceding systemic therapy was 47.3%, in severe psoriasis 62.1%, while 20.1% of the patients had received inpatient treatment. The average number of days absent from work was 3.4. Compared to 2005, all 8 indicators improved. Significant numbers of psoriasis patients show serious quality of life reductions and high grades of clinical severity. In comparison to 2005, there has been a notable, nation-wide improvement in psoriasis care."," J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Aug;6(8):640-5. ","Germany",2008,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[45,"Radtke MA, Augustin M. Economic considerations in psoriasis management. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Sep-Oct;26(5):424-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.024.",null,"Radtke MA, Augustin M.","Economic considerations in psoriasis management. ","With a prevalence of 2% to 3%, psoriasis is a very common chronic disease worldwide and generates therapy costs and continuing cost for health insurance and patients and their families. Cost-political changes in health care and the ever increasing health-economic demands in all areas of the health system make it necessary to differentiate between the two when recording the expenses for a disease. The main characteristics of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation are the record of costs, the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness ratio, and efficiency of various treatment forms. Numerous publications discuss the cost of individual forms of therapy in the treatment of psoriasis, but there are fewer studies on the total cost of psoriasis therapy, especially studies that take both direct and indirect costs into account. The scientific articles on pharmacoeconomy and quality of life in psoriasis have proven (without a doubt) that, despite the lack of a vital threat, psoriasis is highly important to the national economy and to those who have the disease. This justifies appropriate monetary expenditure for treatment. Studies that address the cost of therapies (especially for chronic diseases) will be necessary in the future and will create the required transparency to guarantee reasonable medical care that takes the cost-benefit ratio and the best outcome for the patient's quality of life into account.","Clin Dermatol. 2008 Sep-Oct;26(5):424-31.","International",2008,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[46,"Olivieri I, de Portu S, Salvarani C, Cauli A, Lubrano E, Spadaro A, Cantini F, Cutro MS, Mathieu A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pappone N, Punzi L, Scarpa R, Mantovani LG, PACE working group. The psoriatic arthritis cost evaluation study: a cost-of-illness study on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to conventional therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Nov;47(11):1664-70. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken320.",null,"Olivieri I, de Portu S, Salvarani C, Cauli A, Lubrano E, Spadaro A, Cantini F, Cutro MS, Mathieu A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pappone N, Punzi L, Scarpa R, Mantovani LG, PACE working group. ","The psoriatic arthritis cost evaluation study: a cost-of-illness study on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to conventional therapy. ","To evaluate costs, benefits and cost-effectiveness of anti-TNF agents in PsA patients with inadequate response to conventional treatment. A total of 107 patients, from nine Italian rheumatology centres, with different forms of PsA were given anti-TNF treatment, mainly etanercept (87%). Information on resource use, health-related quality of life, disease activity, function and laboratory values were collected at baseline and through out the 12 months of therapy. Cost (expressed in euro 2007) and utility (measured by EuroQol) before and after anti-TNF therapy initiation were compared in order to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve was calculated. At the end of 12 months, there was a significant increase in direct cost due to an increase of drug cost caused by TNF inhibitors that was only partially offset by the decrease in indirect cost. In the last 6 months of therapy, the direct cost increased by euro5052, the cost for the National Health System (NHS) by euro5044 and the social cost by euro4638. However, a gain of 0.12 QALY resulted in a cost per QALY gained of euro40 876 for the NHS and of euro37 591 for the society. The acceptability curve showed that there would be a 97% likelihood that anti-TNF therapy would be considered cost-effective at willingness-to-pay threshold of euro60 000 per QALY gained. Cost-effectiveness ratios are within the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold. These results need to be confirmed in larger samples of patients.","Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Nov;47(11):1664-70. ","Italy",2008,"Psoriatic arthritis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Any targeted therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[47,"Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Koldingsnes W, Rødevand E, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, Kvien TK. Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May;68(5):685-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.092049.",null,"Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Koldingsnes W, Rødevand E, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, Kvien TK. ","Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis.","To compare health status, demographic variables and work disability (WD) between males and females with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the 18-45 age group, and further to compare health status between those with and without WD for each gender and to identify variables associated with WD. A cross-sectional study was carried out of patients with PsA with peripheral arthritis at the time at which they started disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy (DMARD) and/or biological treatment. Patients receiving a permanent national WD pension corresponding to >or=50% were defined as work disabled. Gender differences were examined with regard to health status, demographic variables and WD. Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson chi(2) were applied for group comparisons between males and females and work disabled versus not work disabled for each gender. Multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustments for duration of education, disease duration, age, erosive disease, disability score (Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; MHAQ), the short form-36 (SF-36) mental health score, and gender were used to identify variables associated with WD. Out of 271 (102 females) patients, the number (%) of work-disabled females/males was 33 (32.7%)/29 (17.4%) (p = 0.004). Work-disabled patients had generally worse health status than non-work-disabled patients, and these differences were generally more pronounced in males than in females. In the multiple logistic regression model, low educational level, increasing disability score (MHAQ), presence of erosive disease, female gender and disease duration were independently associated with WD. WD in patients with PsA below 45 years of age was independently associated with educational level, disability score, erosive disease, female gender and disease duration.","Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May;68(5):685-9.","Norway",2009,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Norway",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[48,"Revicki DA, Willian MK, Menter A, Gordon KB, Kimball AB, Leonardi CL, Langley RG, Kimel M, Okun M. Impact of adalimumab treatment on patient-reported outcomes: results from a Phase III clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2007;18(6):341-50. doi: 10.1080/09546630701646172.",null,"Revicki DA, Willian MK, Menter A, Gordon KB, Kimball AB, Leonardi CL, Langley RG, Kimel M, Okun M"," Impact of adalimumab treatment on patient-reported outcomes: results from a Phase III clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. ","The effect of adalimumab on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) was evaluated in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis during the initial 16-week, double-blind period of a 52-week, Phase III, multicenter trial. Patients were randomized to placebo or adalimumab 80 mg at Week 0 and 40 mg every other week from Week 1 to Week 15. PROs were evaluated throughout the study and included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-Specific Health Problem (WPAI-SHP), and several patient-rated symptom scales. The adalimumab-treated group reported significantly greater improvements in DLQI total score (p<0.001), SF-36 Physical Component Summary score (p<0.001), and Mental Component Summary score (p<0.001) compared with the placebo-treated group over 16 weeks. Significant differences, favoring adalimumab, were also seen for the DLQI subscale scores (p < 0.001); SF-36 scale scores (p<0.001); WPAI-SHP work impairment (p<0.001), activity limitation (p<0.001), and overall work impairment scores (p<0.001); patient's global assessment of disease severity (p<0.001), psoriasis pain (p<0.001), and psoriasis-related pruritus (p = 0.002). Adalimumab was efficacious in improving dermatology-specific and general health-related quality of life, work and activity limitations, and psoriasis-related symptoms in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis over a 16-week period."," J Dermatolog Treat. 2007;18(6):341-50.","USA",2007,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriasis","Adalimumab",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[49,"Steele T, Pawaskar M, Balkrishnan R, Fleischer A, Feldman SR. Does cost-effectiveness play a role in clinical trials? Dermatol Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;20(2):110-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00119.x.",null,"Steele T, Pawaskar M, Balkrishnan R, Fleischer A, Feldman SR. ","Does cost-effectiveness play a role in clinical trials?","Cost is a measure of resources consumed. By assessing costs, pharmacoeconomic studies complement studies of efficacy and safety, helping to determine the relationships of treatment and outcome. Costs are divided into three categories, including direct cost (resources attributable to the intervention), indirect cost (resulting from reduced productivity), and intangible cost (incurred from pain and emotional suffering). Insurance companies, patients, doctors, and the society all have different perspectives with respect to costs. The present authors review different types of cost analyses and their use in studies of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and basal cell carcinoma treatment. Cost studies influence clinicians, policy makers, and third-party payers' decisions regarding the implementation of particular therapies or programs. Collection of cost data needs to be incorporated into clinical trials to facilitate these decisions."," Dermatol Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;20(2):110-9.","International",2007,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"International",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[50,"Kimball AB, Jackson JM, Sobell JM, Boh EE, Grekin S, Pharmd EB, Woolley JM, Xia HA, Chiou CF, Stevens SR. Reductions in healthcare resource utilization in psoriatic arthritis patients receiving etanercept therapy: results from the educate trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Mar;6(3):299-306.",null,"Kimball AB, Jackson JM, Sobell JM, Boh EE, Grekin S, Pharmd EB, Woolley JM, Xia HA, Chiou CF, Stevens SR. ","Reductions in healthcare resource utilization in psoriatic arthritis patients receiving etanercept therapy: results from the educate trial.","The Experience Diagnosing, Understanding Care, and Treatment with Enbrel (EDUCATE) trial is a phase IV, 24-week, multicenter, open-label study of etanercept 50 mg weekly in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in community dermatology clinics. In this study, patients with active PsA and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis have measurable uses of healthcare resources at baseline, reflecting a burden of illness. Etanercept significantly reduced healthcare resource utilization, absenteeism, and caregiver assistance in PsA patients after 24 weeks of treatment. These results could translate into savings on both direct and indirect costs and improvements in health-related quality of life for patients with PsA."," J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Mar;6(3):299-306.","USA",2007,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept",null,null,null,null,null,"USA",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Etanercept",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[51,"Schöffski O, Augustin M, Prinz J, Rauner K, Schubert E, Sohn S, Reich K. Costs and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis in Germany: a multi-center study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 Mar;5(3):209-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06240.x.",null,"Schöffski O, Augustin M, Prinz J, Rauner K, Schubert E, Sohn S, Reich K.","Costs and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis in Germany: a multi-center study.","This study evaluated costs, disease severity and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis. Patients with a 'psoriasis area and severity index' (PASI) > 12 and/or a body surface area (BSA) > 10 were enrolled in dermatological practices and hospital outpatient departments (n = 184) and the total costs of illness generated during the last 12 months were retrospectively calculated. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 and the DLQI. Participants were stratified into three subgroups according to the treatment received during the 1 year documentation period; a) patients without and b) patients with phototherapy or standard systemic therapy, and c) patients who had failed, were intolerant or had contraindications to at least two standard systemic therapies. The study was performed before biologics became available for the treatment of psoriasis in Germany. Included patients had severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 18.2) and a highly impaired QoL (mean DLQI 10.6). Total annual costs amounted to euro 6,709. Patients belonging to subgroup C had the most severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 22.2), the lowest QoL (mean DLQI 12.6), the highest hospitalization rate and largest loss of productivity. These patients produced the highest total costs of 8.831 euro/y. Patients who cannot (or can no longer) be adequately managed with standard treatments are characterized by high disease activity, high costs and reduced QoL. Improved treatment options particularly for these patients are medically necessary and appear economically sensible.","J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007 Mar;5(3):209-18.","Germany",2007,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[52,"Carrascosa JM, Pujol R, Daudén E, Hernanz-Hermosa JM, Bordas X, Smandia JA, Ferrándiz C. A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: phase II). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Aug;20(7):840-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01659.x.",null,"Carrascosa JM, Pujol R, Daudén E, Hernanz-Hermosa JM, Bordas X, Smandia JA, Ferrándiz C"," A prospective evaluation of the cost of psoriasis in Spain (EPIDERMA project: phase II).","To estimate the direct and indirect costs related to psoriasis in Spain. We performed a 12-month, multicentre, prospective longitudinal and observational study. Overall expense of care was assessed as the sum of direct and indirect costs. A total of 797 patients with varying demographics and different degrees of severity of psoriasis were included in the study. The mean total cost of psoriasis, including direct and indirect items, was 1,079 euro per patient and year. The major sources of expenditure were prescription drugs (46.6%), followed by medical activities (34.5%). Mean costs in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis were approximately 1.5 and 2.5 times higher than in those with mild psoriasis, respectively. In Spain, psoriasis is associated with substantial costs both to the National Health System and to the patients.","Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Aug;20(7):840-5. ","Spain",2006,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Spain",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[53,"Huscher D, Merkesdal S, Thiele K, Zeidler H, Schneider M, Zink A, German Collaborative Arthritis Centres. Cost of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Sep;65(9):1175-83. doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.046367.",null,"Huscher D, Merkesdal S, Thiele K, Zeidler H, Schneider M, Zink A, German Collaborative Arthritis Centres"," Cost of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany. ","To estimate and compare the direct and indirect costs of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the effect of sex, disease duration and functional status on the various cost domains. Data of outpatients, aged 18-65, with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 4351), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 827), PsA (n = 908) or SLE (n = 844), who were enrolled in the national database of the German collaborative arthritis centres in 2002, were analysed. Data on healthcare consumption, out-of-pocket expenses and productivity losses were derived from doctors and patients. For the calculation of indirect costs, the human capital approach (HCA) and the friction cost approach (FCA) were applied. Mean direct costs amounted to 4737 euros a year in rheumatoid arthritis, 3676 euros in ankylosing spondylitis, 3156 euros in PsA and 3191 euros in SLE. By using the HCA, total costs were calculated at 15,637 euros in rheumatoid arthritis, 13,513 euros in ankylosing spondylitis, 11,075 euros in PsA and 14,411 euros in SLE, whereas with the FCA the numbers were 7899 euros, 7204 euros, 5570 euros and 6518 euros, respectively. Costs increased with disease duration and were strongly dependent on functional status. In patients with the highest disability (<50% of full function), the total costs on applying the HCA were 34,915 euros in rheumatoid arthritis, 29,647 euros in alkylosing spondylitis, 37,440 euros in PsA and 32,296 euros in SLE. The costs of illness are high in all four diseases, with a strong effect of functional status on total costs. Indirect costs differ by the factor 3, based on whether the HCA or the FCA is used."," Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Sep;65(9):1175-83. ","Germany",2006,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriatic arthritis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[54,"Peeters P, Ortonne JP, Sitbon R, Guignard E. Cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate followed by calcipotriol alone compared with tacalcitol in the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris. Dermatology. 2005;211(2):139-45. doi: 10.1159/000086444.",null,"Peeters P, Ortonne JP, Sitbon R, Guignard E."," Cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate followed by calcipotriol alone compared with tacalcitol in the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris. ","Daivobet is a once-daily treatment of psoriasis vulgaris containing betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriol in a new ointment vehicle. To assess the cost-effectiveness of once-daily treatment with Daivobet (4 weeks) followed by calcipotriol (4 weeks) compared to tacalcitol (8 weeks). Resource utilization was assessed within a double-blind 8-week clinical trial (all treatments for psoriasis, adverse events and concomitant dermatological medication), estimated from the French societal perspective. Total direct medical costs for psoriasis were comparable (Daivobet: EUR 107.53 and tacalcitol EUR 113.50) despite a higher acquisition cost for Daivobet. The probability of > or =75% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (effectiveness criterion) was 46.6% with Daivobet and 13.9% with tacalcitol at 4 weeks, and 44.6 and 23.8%, respectively, at 8 weeks (both: p < 0.001). Over 8 weeks, Daivobet was almost twice as cost-effective as tacalcitol (EUR 241.22 per successful treatment vs. EUR 476.70); this result was robust to sensitivity assumptions. Daivobet is more effective and less costly than tacalcitol for treating psoriasis.\n","Dermatology. 2005;211(2):139-45.","France",2005,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids,Tacalcitol",null,null,null,null,null,"France",null,"Psoriasis","Calcipotriol,Corticosteroids,Tacalcitol",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[55,"Berger K, Ehlken B, Kugland B, Augustin M. Cost-of-illness in patients with moderate and severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Jul;3(7):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.05729.x.",null,"Berger K, Ehlken B, Kugland B, Augustin M","Cost-of-illness in patients with moderate and severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris in Germany.","Data regarding costs of outpatient and office-based care, as well as out-of-pocket expenses, for psoriasis patients in Germany are not available. Aim of this study was to assess average annual cost and cost per flare of outpatient and office-based care for patients with moderate to severe chronic psoriasis vulgaris from several perspectives. In this multi-center, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective cost-of-illness study, direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect costs were considered from patient, third-party payer (TPP) and societal perspectives. Out of 227 patients enrolled consecutively in 17 centers, 192 cases could be analyzed. On average, TPP reimbursed 864 per patient annually, 60 % for prescribed medication and 22 % for hospitalization. Patients spent 596 yearly mainly for alternative therapies and OTC-medication/skin care products as well as for additional expenses (e. g. ultraviolet lamp, clothes or cleaning agents). Indirect costs per patient amounted to 1,440 yearly. Total annual costs per patient were 2,866 and 4,985 if treated with systemic drugs additionally. 1,173 if treated topically and/or with phototherapy. The relatively high average annual costs per patient indicate need for efficient control of psoriasis. This cost-of-illness study provides basic data for further decision making, including economic assessment of innovative therapies for psoriasis."," J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Jul;3(7):511-8.","Germany",2005,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"2005:2009"]
[56,"Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Verboom P, Redekop WK, Touw KR, Rutten FF. The cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of oral cyclosporin microemulsion for the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 2):599-608.",null,"Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Verboom P, Redekop WK, Touw KR, Rutten FF."," The cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of oral cyclosporin microemulsion for the treatment of psoriasis. ","To assess the cost effectiveness of tapered versus abrupt discontinuation of a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed in parallel with a non-blind, multicentre, international clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of intermittent short courses of cyclosporin. Direct and indirect costs were considered within a 1-year period following randomisation. Patients with chronic plaque psoriasis inadequately controlled with topical treatment. The study was conducted from a societal perspective and was performed using data from Canada, Spain, Turkey and the UK. The health outcome used was the total number of systemic therapy-free days (STFDs) over the first year. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was determined by dividing the differences in average cost per patient by the differences in average STFDs per patient. The overall ICER was dominant because tapered discontinuation was associated with both lower costs and improved efficacy in comparison with abrupt discontinuation. Further analyses showed that tapered discontinuation was a cost-effective alternative to abrupt discontinuation therapy, even when a conservative definition for cost effectiveness was adopted. This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that tapering cyclosporin was more cost effective than abruptly stopping cyclosporin in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.","Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 2):599-608.","Netherlands",2001,"Psoriasis","Cyclosporine",null,null,null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Psoriasis","Cyclosporine",null,null,null,"2000:2004"]
[57,"Finlay AY, Coles EC. The effect of severe psoriasis on the quality of life of 369 patients. Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):236-44.",null,"Finlay AY, Coles EC. ","The effect of severe psoriasis on the quality of life of 369 patients.","The aim of this survey was to quantify the level of handicap experienced by patients with severe psoriasis, and to assess the value that patients place on their disease using various questionnaire techniques. Dermatologists throughout the U.K. each gave a questionnaire to up to five psoriasis patients, who were either being admitted for in-patient care or were starting systemic therapy. Three hundred and sixty-nine questionnaires were completed. Of the 150 patients currently working, 59.3% had lost a mean of 26 days (SD 21.9) from work during the preceding year because of their psoriasis, and of the 180 not working 33.9% attributed not working to their psoriasis. The mean Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) score was 38.2% (SD 23.3, n = 248), with the mean sub-scores of the 'daily activities' and 'treatment' sections being greater than those of the other three sections. Despite having severe psoriasis, the majority of patients felt that it would be worse to have diabetes, asthma or bronchitis than to have psoriasis. Forty-six, 42 and 32% considered it would be either 'better' or 'the same' to have diabetes, asthma or bronchitis, respectively. However, in those patients who also had the comparative disease, 87, 80 and 77% considered it would be 'better', or 'the same' to have the comparative disease. Forty-nine per cent of patients (n = 362) stated they would be prepared to spend 2 or 3 h each day on treatment if this might result in normal skin for the rest of the day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"," Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):236-44.","UK",1995,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,"Psoriasis","Unclear/ no therapy",null,null,null,"1960:1999"]

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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"SelectedYear","v":2016}]
[null,null,{"$f":"SelectedTitle","v":"Isaacs JD,Cutolo M,Keystone EC,Park W,Braun J."}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,6,0,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]
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[]
[]
[]
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[null,null,"PMID",null,null,{"$f":"SelectedPMID","v":"Psoriasis"},null,null,null,null,null,"DOI",null,{"$f":"SelectedDOI","v":"Unclear/ no therapy"}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Locations",null,null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Interventions",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other psychological therapies,",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Diseases",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Any dementia",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," ",null," ",null,null," "]
[null,null,"PRO tools"]
[null,null,"Sub-populations"]
[null,null,"Study types",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Study methodologies"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]

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["C3"]
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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET($CI$1,0,domainChoice)","v":0},{"$f":"COUNTA(CJ3:CJ513)","v":16},{"$f":"COUNTA(CK3:CK513)","v":21},2,0,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"ADDRESS(2,1,1,1,domainSheet)","v":"studymethodCategories!$A$2"},{"$f":"INDIRECT(CU1)","v":"Other"}]
[null,"Toggle age cut-offs",null,null,null,null,null,null,7,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"This year =",{"$f":"YEAR(NOW())","v":2017},null,"Years","Cut","Selected cut state","Start","End",{"$f":"COUNTA(CF3:CF58)","v":5},{"$f":"OFFSET($CI$2,0,domainChoice)","v":"Study methodologies"},"Locations","Interventions","Diseases","PRO tools","subPopulations","Study types","Study methodologies",null,null,null,null,"selected categories"]
[null,null,56,null,null,null,null,null,"Other",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1960,false,true,1960,1999,{"$f":"IF(CF3<>\"\",_xlfn.CONCAT(CF3,\":\",CG3),\"\")","v":"1960:1999"},{"$f":"OFFSET($CJ$2,0,ROW()-3)","v":"Locations"},"Brazil","Adalimumab","Psoriasis",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET(INDIRECT($CU$1),ROW()-3,0)","v":"Other"}]
[null,"From",null,null,"To",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C1",null,"Locations",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET($BY$5,domainChoice,0)","v":"studymethodCategories"},null,null,null,1961,false,null,2000,2004,{"$f":"IF(CF4<>\"\",_xlfn.CONCAT(CF4,\":\",CG4),\"\")","v":"2000:2004"},{"$f":"OFFSET($CJ$2,0,ROW()-3)","v":"Interventions"},"Canada","Any targeted therapy","Psoriatic arthritis",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET(INDIRECT($CU$1),ROW()-3,0)","v":""}]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF3=\"\",\"\",CF3)","v":1960},null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG3=\"\",\"\",CG3)","v":1999},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C2",null,"Interventions",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1962,false,"Segment count",2005,2009,"2005:2009","Diseases","Egypt","Briakinumab",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF4=\"\",\"\",CF4)","v":2000},null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG4=\"\",\"\",CG4)","v":2004},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C3",null,"Diseases",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"locationCategories",null,null,null,1963,false,null,2010,2014,"2010:2014","PRO tools","France","Calcipotriol",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,2005,null,null,2009,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C4",null,"Sub-populations",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"interventionCategories",null,null,null,1964,false,null,2015,2017,"2015:2017","subPopulations","Germany","Coal tar",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,2010,null,null,2014,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C5",null,"PRO tools",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"diseaseCategories",null,null,null,1965,false,null,null,null,"","Study types","Hungary","Corticosteroids",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,2015,null,null,2017,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study types",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"protoolCategories",null,null,null,1966,false,null,null,null,"","Study methodologies","International","Cyclosporine",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study methodologies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"subpopulationCategories",null,null,null,1967,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Iran","Dithranol",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Location categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"studytypeCategories",null,null,null,1968,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Italy","Etanercept",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF10=\"\",\"\",CF10)","v":""},null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Intervention categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"studymethodCategories",null,null,null,1969,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Netherlands","Fumaric acid",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Disease categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1970,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Norway","Golimumab",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sub-populations categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1971,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Spain","Infliximab",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PRO tool categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1972,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Sweden","Methotrexate",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
[null,"",null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG14=\"\",\"\",CG14)","v":""},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study type categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1973,false,null,null,null,"",null,"UK","Phototherapy",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,""]
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