{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":16,"sheets":["Cover","Original","Abbreviations","Mapper","CitationIndex","Citations","Dashboard","custom","Setup","studymethodCategories","subpopulationCategories","studytypeCategories","diseaseCategories","protoolCategories","locationCategories","interventionCategories"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":4,"macros":1,"external_links":1,"defined_names":117,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

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[null,null,"This Excel workbook contains the Evidence Map generated from heoro.com on\nPRO instruments used in skin cancer since 2000. "]
[]
[]
[null,null,"How this Evidence Map was generated"]
[null,null,null,"We searched the heoro.com database on 15 May 2017 with the following field settings:"]
[null,null,null,"Disease: Skin cancer AND Study type: PRO studies"]
[null,null,null,"The search identified a total of 79 abstracts published since 1960 which were  segmented with the following standard heoro.com fields:"]
[null,null,null,null,"Locations - these are the geographical location of the study. "]
[null,null,null,null,"Diseases - the type of skin cancer."]
[null,null,null,null,"Interventions - the interventions assessed in each study, where relevant."]
[null,null,null,null,"PRO instruments - which patient-reported outcome tools were used in the study"]
[null,null,null,"In addition the following publication date segmentations are used:"]
[null,null,null,"1960 to 1999, 2000 to 2004, 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014, 2015 to 2017"]
[]
[null,null,"All data in this Evidence Map is taken from the heoro.com database"]
[]
[null,null,"Details of the PubMed search strategy used to populate the heoro.com database can be found here."]
[]
[null,null,"Contact us:"]
[null,null,"Address: Crystallise Ltd. Unit 21, Thames Enterpise Centre, Thames Industrial Park, East Tilbury, Essex, UK RM18 8RH"]
[null,null,"Tel: +44 (0)1375 488020"]
[null,null,"Email: heoro@crystallise.com"]

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[{"$f":"COUNT(A2:A1701)","v":79},"Full citation","DOI","Authors","Title","Abstract","Citation","Locations","Year","Diseases","Interventions","Type of PRO tool","PROtools","Subpopulations","Study types","Study methodologies","LocationsTags","SubpopulationsTags","DiseaseTags","InterventionsTags","StudytypesTags","StudyMethodologyTags","PROtoolTags","DateBand","C1","C2","C3","C4","C5"]
[1,"Sobanko JF,Da Silva D,Chiesa Fuxench ZC,Modi B,Shin TM,Etzkorn JR,Samimi SS,Wanat KA,Miller CJ. Preoperative telephone consultation does not decrease patient anxiety before Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):519-526. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.027. Epub 2016 Dec 4.","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.027. Epub 2016 Dec 4.","Sobanko JF,Da Silva D,Chiesa Fuxench ZC,Modi B,Shin TM,Etzkorn JR,Samimi SS,Wanat KA,Miller CJ."," Preoperative telephone consultation does not decrease patient anxiety before Mohs micrographic surgery.","Many factors influence anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). We sought to determine the effect of a preoperative educational telephone call on anxiety and satisfaction for patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS. Patients with skin cancer (N = 104) scheduled for same-day office consultation and MMS were randomly assigned to receive or not to receive an educational telephone call during the week before surgery. All patients rated their anxiety levels immediately before and after the same-day office consultation and MMS by completing the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and an anxiety visual analog scale. Patients also rated satisfaction immediately after MMS by completing the Visit-Specific Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS reported similar levels of increased anxiety and high satisfaction,regardless of whether they received a preoperative educational telephone call. Lack of control for patients' prior surgery or self-education is a limitation. Preoperative educational telephone calls did not relieve anxiety or improve satisfaction for patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS. Preoperative education and counseling has uncertain benefits to anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing MMS."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):519-526. ","USA",2017,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"STAI,VAS,VSPSQ"]
[2,"Grob JJ,Amonkar MM,Karaszewska B,Schachter J,Dummer R,Mackiewicz A,Stroyakovskiy D,Drucis K,Grange F,Chiarion-Sileni V,Rutkowski P,Lichinitser M,Levchenko E,Wolter P,Hauschild A,Long GV,Nathan P,Ribas A,Flaherty K,Sun P,Legos JJ,McDowell DO,Mookerjee B,Schadendorf D,Robert C. Comparison of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy with vemurafenib monotherapy on health-related quality of life in patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous BRAF Val600-mutation-positive melanoma (COMBI-v): results of a phase 3,open-label,randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Oct;16(13):1389-98. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00087-X. ","doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00087-X. ","Grob JJ,Amonkar MM,Karaszewska B,Schachter J,Dummer R,Mackiewicz A,Stroyakovskiy D,Drucis K,Grange F,Chiarion-Sileni V,Rutkowski P,Lichinitser M,Levchenko E,Wolter P,Hauschild A,Long GV,Nathan P,Ribas A,Flaherty K,Sun P,Legos JJ,McDowell DO,Mookerjee B,Schadendorf D,Robert C."," Comparison of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy with vemurafenib monotherapy on health-related quality of life in patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous BRAF Val600-mutation-positive melanoma (COMBI-v): results of a phase 3,open-label,randomised trial.","In the COMBI-v trial,patients with previously untreated BRAF Val600Glu or Val600Lys mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma who were treated with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib had significantly longer overall and progression-free survival than those treated with vemurafenib alone. Here,we present the effects of treatments on health-related quality of life (HRQoL),an exploratory endpoint in the COMBI-v study. COMBI-v was an open-label,randomised phase 3 study in which 704 patients with metastatic melanoma with a BRAF Val600 mutation were randomly assigned (1:1) by an interactive voice response system to receive either a combination of dabrafenib (150 mg twice-daily) and trametinib (2 mg once-daily) or vemurafenib monotherapy (960 mg twice-daily) orally as first-line therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival. In this pre-specified exploratory analysis,we prospectively assessed HRQoL in the intention-to-treat population with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30),EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D),and Melanoma Subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma (FACT-M),completed at baseline,during study treatment,at disease progression,and after progression. We used a mixed-model,repeated measures ANCOVA to assess differences in mean scores between groups with baseline score as covariate; all p-values are descriptive. The COMBI-v trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,number NCT01597908,and is ongoing for the primary endpoint,but is not recruiting patients. From June 4,2012,to Oct 7,2013,1645 patients at 193 centres worldwide were screened for eligibility,and 704 patients were randomly assigned to dabrafenib plus trametinib (n=352) or vemurafenib (n=352). Questionnaire completion rates for both groups were high (>95% at baseline,>80% at follow-up assessments,and >70% at disease progression) with similar HRQoL and symptom scores reported at baseline in both treatment groups for all questionnaires. Differences in mean scores between treatment groups were significant and clinically meaningful in favour of the combination compared with vemurafenib monotherapy for most domains across all three questionnaires during study treatment and at disease progression,including EORTC QLQ-C30 global health (7·92,7·62,6·86,7·47,5·16,7·56,and 7·57 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; p<0·001 for all assessments except p=0·005 at week 40),EORTC QLQ-C30 pain (-13·20,-8·05,-8·82,-12·69,-12·46,-11·41,and -10·57 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; all p<0·001),EQ-5D thermometer scores (7·96,8·05,6·83,11·53,7·41,9·08,and 10·51 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; p<0·001 for all assessments except p=0·006 at week 32),and FACT-M Melanoma Subscale score (3·62,2·93,2·45,3·39,2·85,3·00,and 3·68 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; all p<0·001). From the patient's perspective,which integrates not only survival advantage but also disease-associated and adverse-event-associated symptoms,treatment with the combination of a BRAF inhibitor plus a MEK inhibitor (dabrafenib plus trametinib) adds a clear benefit over monotherapy with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and supports the combination therapy as standard of care in this population."," Lancet Oncol. 2015 Oct;16(13):1389-98. ","International",2015,"Melanoma","Dabrafenib,Trametinib",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D,FACT-M"]
[3,"Livingstone E,Krajewski C,Eigentler TK,Windemuth-Kieselbach C,Benson S,Elsenbruch S,Hauschild A,Rompel R,Meiss F,Mauerer A,Kähler KC,Dippel E,Möllenhoff K,Kilian K,Mohr P,Utikal J,Schadendorf D. Prospective evaluation of follow-up in melanoma patients in Germany - results of a multicentre and longitudinal study. Eur J Cancer. 2015 Mar;51(5):653-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 28. ","doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 28. ","Livingstone E,Krajewski C,Eigentler TK,Windemuth-Kieselbach C,Benson S,Elsenbruch S,Hauschild A,Rompel R,Meiss F,Mauerer A,Kähler KC,Dippel E,Möllenhoff K,Kilian K,Mohr P,Utikal J,Schadendorf D."," Prospective evaluation of follow-up in melanoma patients in Germany - results of a multicentre and longitudinal study.","Patient numbers requiring long-term melanoma surveillance are constantly rising. Surveillance is costly and guideline recommendations vary substantially. In this German nationwide study,information on surveillance and treatment of patients diagnosed with melanoma and melanoma in situ (MMis) between April and June 2008 was prospectively collected over four years. Additionally,patient self-report questionnaires were evaluated to assess anxiety,depression,health-related quality of life,socio-demographic information and use of disease specific health information sources at year 4 after primary diagnosis. Complete data was available for 668 patients from 67 centres,of whom 96.0% were in regular melanoma surveillance. In year 3-4 of surveillance,only 55.6% of locoregionary metastases were detected during surveillance visits. Only 33.3% were self-detected by the patient even though 69.4% were documented as being clinically visible or palpable. Costs of 4year surveillance of 550 patients without tumour recurrence (stage I-IIC and MMis) accumulated to 228,155.75 €. Guideline-adherence for follow-up frequency,lymph node ultrasound,S100 serum level tests and diagnostic imaging recommendations was approximately 60% in year 3-4 of surveillance. Multivariate regression analysis showed that certain patient/tumour characteristics and regional differences were significantly associated with guideline deviations. The percentage of patients who exceeded published cut-off scores indicating clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly increased. Patients frequently reported lack of psychosocial support and education but ascribed great importance to these. We recommend further reduction of melanoma follow-up in low-risk melanoma patients and improvement of psycho-social support and patient education for all melanoma patients."," Eur J Cancer. 2015 Mar;51(5):653-67. ","Germany",2015,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown"]
[4,"Bretterklieber A,Painsi C,Avian A,Wutte N,Aberer E. Impaired quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the general population and chronic dermatoses. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Sep 2;7():594. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-594. Epub 2014 Sep 2.","doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-594. Epub 2014 Sep 2.","Bretterklieber A,Painsi C,Avian A,Wutte N,Aberer E."," Impaired quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the general population and chronic dermatoses.","Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and potentially life threatening autoimmune disorder. The burden of disease compared to other dermatoses is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess both the quality of life in patients with SSc and the variables that are associated with poor quality of life. Forty-one patients with systemic sclerosis (29 limited,2 diffuse,10 undifferentiated forms) were assessed with respect to their health status and compared to published data for the normal population,SSc patients from other studies,and patients with chronic skin diseases. For the most part,our SSc patients had better outcomes in all 8 dimensions of the SF-36 than SSc patients from other studies,and poorer scores than the healthy population and those with occupational contact dermatitis,ichthyosis,non-melanoma skin cancer,contact dermatitis,atopic eczema,chronic nail disease,vitiligo,health care workers with work-related disease,and those with other chronic skin diseases,but significantly better scores for mental health than those with nail disease,vitiligo,and health-care workers. Patients with atopic dermatitis,psoriasis and pemphigus had significantly poorer mean scores in social function and mental health than SSc patients. Patients with pemphigus were also significantly impaired in their physical and emotional roles. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had the significantly poorest mean scores for QoL in all 8 domains except bodily pain and emotional role. Besides SLE,SSc is one of the most severe chronic dermatologic diseases in terms of reduced QoL. Since SSc cannot be cured,treatment strategies should include therapeutic interventions such as psychotherapy,social support,physiotherapy,and spiritual care. Their beneficial effects could be studied in future."," BMC Res Notes. 2014 Sep 2;7():594. ","Austria",2014,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SF-36"]
[5,"Bouwes Bavinck JN,Harwood CA,Genders RE,Wisgerhof HC,Plasmeijer EI,Mitchell L,Olasz EB,Mosel DD,Pokorney MS,Serra AL,Feldmeyer L,Baumann Conzett K,Piaserico S,Belloni Fortina A,Jahn K,Geusau A,Gerritsen MJ,Seckin D,Gulec AT,Cetkovska P,Ricar J,Imko-Walczuk B,Proby CM,Hofbauer GF. Pain identifies squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: the SCOPE-ITSCC PAIN study. Am J Transplant. 2014 Mar;14(3):668-76. ","","Bouwes Bavinck JN,Harwood CA,Genders RE,Wisgerhof HC,Plasmeijer EI,Mitchell L,Olasz EB,Mosel DD,Pokorney MS,Serra AL,Feldmeyer L,Baumann Conzett K,Piaserico S,Belloni Fortina A,Jahn K,Geusau A,Gerritsen MJ,Seckin D,Gulec AT,Cetkovska P,Ricar J,Imko-Walczuk B,Proby CM,Hofbauer GF."," Pain identifies squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: the SCOPE-ITSCC PAIN study.","Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at high risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). We aimed to define clinically meaningful patient-reported warning signals predicting the presence of invasive SCC.Patient-reported signs and symptoms of 812 consecutively biopsied skin lesions from 410 OTR were determined by questionnaire and physical examination and related to the subsequent biopsy-proven diagnoses. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used as a measure of distinction between the predictive values of patient-reported warning signals and the occurrence of SCC. Pain was an independent predictive patient-reported warning signal for a biopsy-proven invasive SCC. The odds ratio from the fully adjusted model predicting SCC was 4.4(95% confidence interval: 2.4–8.2). Higher scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were associated witha greater likelihood for the presence of SCC compared to none or mild pain. The for scores on the VAS from 1to 3,4 to 6 and 7 to 10 were 4.9 (2.2–10.5),2.3 (0.96–5.5)and 16.5 (3.6–75.8),respectively. Pain is the most powerful patient-reported warning signal for invasive cutaneous SCC in OTR. Empowerment of patients by education could accelerate diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous SCC."," Am J Transplant. 2014 Mar;14(3):668-76. ",null,2014,"Squamous cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"VAS"]
[6,"Schadendorf D,Amonkar MM,Milhem M,Grotzinger K,Demidov LV,Rutkowski P,Garbe C,Dummer R,Hassel JC,Wolter P,Mohr P,Trefzer U,Lefeuvre-Plesse C,Rutten A,Steven N,Ullenhag G,Sherman L,Wu FS,Patel K,Casey M,Robert C. Functional and symptom impact of trametinib versus chemotherapy in BRAF V600E advanced or metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the METRIC study. Ann Oncol. 2014 Mar;25(3):700-6. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt580. Epub 2014 Feb 6. ","doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt580. Epub 2014 Feb 6. ","Schadendorf D,Amonkar MM,Milhem M,Grotzinger K,Demidov LV,Rutkowski P,Garbe C,Dummer R,Hassel JC,Wolter P,Mohr P,Trefzer U,Lefeuvre-Plesse C,Rutten A,Steven N,Ullenhag G,Sherman L,Wu FS,Patel K,Casey M,Robert C."," Functional and symptom impact of trametinib versus chemotherapy in BRAF V600E advanced or metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the METRIC study.","In a randomized phase III study,trametinib prolonged progression-free survival and improved overall survival versus chemotherapy in patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma. Patients' quality of life (QOL) was assessed at baseline and follow-up visits using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core QOL questionnaire. In the primary efficacy population (BRAF V600E+,no brain metastases) from baseline to weeks 6 and 12,patients' global health status scores worsened by 4-5 points with chemotherapy but improved by 2-3 points with trametinib. Rapid and substantive reductions in QOL functionality (e.g. role functioning,8-11 points at weeks 6 and 12) and symptom exacerbation (e.g. fatigue,4-8 points; nausea and vomiting,5 points,both at weeks 6 and 12) were observed in chemotherapy-treated patients. In contrast,trametinib-treated patients reported small improvements or slight worsening from baseline at week 12,depending on the functional dimension and symptom. The mean symptom-scale scores for chemotherapy-treated patients increased from baseline (symptoms worsened) for seven of eight symptoms at week 6 (except insomnia) and six of eight symptoms at week 12 (except dyspnea and insomnia). In contrast,at weeks 6 and 12,the mean symptom-scale scores for trametinib decreased from baseline (symptoms improved) for pain (11-12 points),insomnia (10-12 points),and appetite loss (1-5 points),whereas those for diarrhea worsened (15-16 points). Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) and/or clinically meaningful improvements (small to moderate) from baseline in favor of trametinib for global health; physical,role,and social functioning; fatigue; pain; insomnia; nausea and vomiting; constipation; dyspnea; and appetite at weeks 6 and/or 12. QOL results for the intent-to-treat population were consistent. This first QOL assessment for a MEK inhibitor in metastatic melanoma demonstrated that trametinib was associated with less functional impairment,smaller declines in health status,and less exacerbation of symptoms versus chemotherapy."," Ann Oncol. 2014 Mar;25(3):700-6. ","Germany",2014,"Melanoma","Trametinib,Chemotherapy general",null,"Unknown"]
[7,"Vinding GR,Christensen KB,Esmann S,Olesen AB,Jemec GB. Quality of life in non-melanoma skin cancer--the skin cancer quality of life (SCQoL) questionnaire. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Dec;39(12):1784-93. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12353. Epub 2013 Nov 14. ","doi: 10.1111/dsu.12353. Epub 2013 Nov 14. ","Vinding GR,Christensen KB,Esmann S,Olesen AB,Jemec GB."," Quality of life in non-melanoma skin cancer--the skin cancer quality of life (SCQoL) questionnaire.","Disease-specific quality of life (QoL) questionnaires are increasingly used to provide patient-reported out-come measures in both malignant and non-malignant disease. To create,validate and test the psychometrics of the Skin Cancer Quality of Life (SCQoL),which was designed to measure health-related QoL in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer affecting any area and undergoing any therapy. The SCQoL was developed in a stepwise approach. Three pilot studies (testing content and face validity) and psychometric testing (scale structure,reliability,domains and known-groups validity,concurrent and convergent validity) were conducted. Rasch analyses were performed on the final questionnaire. The initial 10-item questionnaire was reduced to 9 items following interviews and inter-item correlations. The nine item scale was confirmed by Item Response Theory (IRT) and internal consistency. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was found for a single item,but the effect was small. The final 9-item SCQoL is unidimensional and consists of 3 domains covering function,emotions and control. Furthermore there is one single global item. The total score range from 0 to 27. Higher score denote a greater impairment of the QoL."," Dermatol Surg. 2013 Dec;39(12):1784-93. ","Denmark",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SCQoL"]
[8,"Beynon T,Radcliffe E,Child F,Orlowska D,Whittaker S,Lawson S,Selman L,Harding R. What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Mar;170(3):599-608. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12644.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.12644.","Beynon T,Radcliffe E,Child F,Orlowska D,Whittaker S,Lawson S,Selman L,Harding R."," What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence.","Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is progressive,can cause significant symptoms,and impacts on quality of life. Therefore supportive and palliative care might have a role in the care of patients and families. To identify and appraise the available peer-reviewed evidence on the supportive and palliative care needs of patients and their caregivers. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Extracted data from eligible papers were collated in themes relating to supportive and palliative care needs and outcomes for patients,informal caregivers,health professionals and reported service models. Eighteen retained papers reported a symptom or quality-of-life measure. Five reported only these measures,13 reported outcomes in relation to an intervention. Systemic therapy targeted at disease remission was the most commonly reported intervention (12/13). No quality-of-life tool was consistently used. Pruritus was frequently reported as an outcome (n = 9) often using the visual analogue scale,VAS itch. Psychosocial,spiritual and caregiver needs were reported infrequently or not at all. No measure is routinely used to measure supportive and palliative care outcomes in CTCL. Physical needs,particularly pruritus,were reported commonly; however,qualitative evidence of experience is limited. Caregivers' needs are rarely explored. To compare outcomes from clinical studies,a single multidimensional tool used in routine practice would be useful. Further work is needed to explore a model of service that meets the specific physical,psychosocial and spiritual needs of this group of patients and their carers."," Br J Dermatol. 2014 Mar;170(3):599-608. ","UK",2014,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,"VAS"]
[9,"Lo SF,Hayter M,Hu WY,Tai CY,Hsu MY,Li YF. Symptom burden and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds. J Adv Nurs. 2012 Jun;68(6):1312-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05839.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.","doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05839.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.","Lo SF,Hayter M,Hu WY,Tai CY,Hsu MY,Li YF."," Symptom burden and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds.","This study describes the relationship between symptoms and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds. Malignant fungating wounds are complex wounds that can bleed,become malodorous due to infection and are painful causing physical and psychological distress. However,there is a lack of literature on the impact that such wounds can have on quality of life. This was a descriptive,cross-sectional multi-centre study of patients with malignant fungating wounds. Participants were recruited from the palliative care,hospice,outpatient clinic and oncology units of three medical centres in Taiwan. Data were collected from February 2008 to August 2009. A structured questionnaire obtained socio-demographic information,medical details,wound assessment information and the Taiwanese version of the McGill quality of life questionnaire was administered by interview.   McGill quality of life scores indicated that the participants had the lowest quality of life. The participant's age,dressing change frequency,pain,wound dressing comfort,wound symptom,bleeding and malodour had statistically significant negative correlations with quality of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that age,malodour,pain issues and psychological issues explained 87% of the total variance in quality of life.   This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of malignant fungating wounds and how correct assessment and management is necessary to improve quality of life. Educational intervention research is needed for patients and caregivers in countries where this has not yet been performed. Further research should also identify whether nursing competence has a direct impact on quality of life."," J Adv Nurs. 2012 Jun;68(6):1312-21. ","Taiwan",2012,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"McGill QLQ"]
[10,"Robinson DW Jr,Cormier JN,Zhao N,Uhlar CM,Revicki DA,Cella D. Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic melanoma: results from an international phase 2 multicenter study. Melanoma Res. 2012 Feb;22(1):54-62. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e32834d3da0.","doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e32834d3da0.","Robinson DW Jr,Cormier JN,Zhao N,Uhlar CM,Revicki DA,Cella D."," Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic melanoma: results from an international phase 2 multicenter study.","Clinical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) information was analyzed to determine: (a) patient-reported signs,symptoms,and functioning,(b) HRQoL questionnaire psychometrics,and (c) treatment impact on HRQoL. Data from the Melanoma Subscale (MS) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma and the worst pain question from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were taken from a clinical trial evaluating intetumumab alone or with dacarbazine in Stage IV metastatic melanoma. Descriptive statistics examined patient-reported disease burden at baseline. Correlations explored clinical endpoint and HRQoL associations. Psychometrics included Cronbach's α internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Treatment impact on HRQoL was evaluated through HRQoL maintenance and response analyses. Patients (n=127) had a mean age of 62 years,a mean±SD hemoglobin of 13.0±2.6 g/dl,and a mean±SD lactic dehydrogenase of 394±454 IU/l. Ninety-eight percent were Caucasian,67% were men,and 64% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0. Baseline BPI worst pain and MS scores (mean±SD) were 1.6±2.2 and 54.5±7.2,respectively. Top three patient-reported health decrements in the MS were appetite,fatigue,and limited physical activity. Observed HRQoL decrements were consistent with the literature. MS and BPI worst pain item demonstrated good psychometrics: Cronbach's α and ICC for the MS were 0.79 and 0.86,respectively; BPI ICC was 0.74. A trend for HRQoL response was observed 3 weeks postbaseline in the dacarbazine + 10 mg/kg intetumumab arm compared with dacarbazine + placebo: 22 versus 10%,respectively,for the MS; 23 versus 5% for the BPI. Further research on the HRQoL benefit of intetumumab in larger studies appears warranted."," Melanoma Res. 2012 Feb;22(1):54-62. ","USA",2012,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Intetumumab",null,"BPI,FACT-M"]
[11,"Nathan PC,Ness KK,Mahoney MC,Li Z,Hudson MM,Ford JS,Landier W,Stovall M,Armstrong GT,Henderson TO,Robison LL,Oeffinger KC. Screening and surveillance for second malignant neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Oct 5;153(7):442-51. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00007.","doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00007.","Nathan PC,Ness KK,Mahoney MC,Li Z,Hudson MM,Ford JS,Landier W,Stovall M,Armstrong GT,Henderson TO,Robison LL,Oeffinger KC."," Screening and surveillance for second malignant neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study.","Survivors of childhood cancer may develop a second malignant neoplasm during adulthood and therefore require regular surveillance. To examine adherence to population cancer screening guidelines by survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm and adherence to cancer surveillance guidelines by survivors at high risk for a second malignant neoplasm. Retrospective cohort study. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS),a 26-center study of long-term survivors of childhood cancer that was diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. 4329 male and 4018 female survivors of childhood cancer who completed a CCSS questionnaire assessing screening and surveillance for new cases of cancer. Patient-reported receipt and timing of mammography,Papanicolaou smear,colonoscopy,or skin examination was categorized as adherent to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for survivors at average risk for breast or cervical cancer or the Children's Oncology Group guidelines for survivors at high risk for breast,colorectal,or skin cancer as a result of cancer therapy. In average-risk female survivors,2743 of 3392 (80.9%) reported having a Papanicolaou smear within the recommended period,and 140 of 209 (67.0%) reported mammography within the recommended period. In high-risk survivors,rates of recommended mammography among women were only 241 of 522 (46.2%) and the rates of colonoscopy and complete skin examinations among both sexes were 91 of 794 (11.5%) and 1290 of 4850 (26.6%),respectively. Data were self-reported. Participants in the CCSS are a selected group of survivors,and their adherence may not be representative of all survivors of childhood cancer. Female survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm show reasonable rates of screening for cervical and breast cancer. However,surveillance for new cases of cancer is very low in survivors at the highest risk for colon,breast,or skin cancer,suggesting that survivors and their physicians need education about their risks and recommended surveillance. The National Cancer Institute,National Institutes of Health,and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities."," Ann Intern Med. 2010 Oct 5;153(7):442-51. ","Canada",2010,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[12,"Bergenmar M,Månsson-Brahme E,Hansson J,Brandberg Y. Surgical resection margins do not influence health related quality of life or emotional distress in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective randomised trial. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2010 Jun;44(3):146-55. Doi: 10.3109/02844311003791136.","","Bergenmar M,Månsson-Brahme E,Hansson J,Brandberg Y."," Surgical resection margins do not influence health related quality of life or emotional distress in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective randomised trial.","In a prospective randomised Scandinavian trial,patients with localised invasive cutaneous melanoma of the trunk or extremities with tumours more than 2 mm thick were randomly assigned to excision with narrow (2 cm) or wide (4 cm) margins after primary surgery. The aims of the present study were to find out if there were any differences in health-related quality of life (QoL) and emotional distress between patients in the two arms over time. Patients were assessed at four time points: before randomisation,and at 3,9,and 15 months after inclusion,using the EORTC QLQ-C30,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale. A study-specific questionnaire was used to assess patient-reported problems related to the scar. A total of 144 patients were included; 70 randomised to narrow excision and 74 to wide excision margins. The response rate was >85% at all assessment points. No differences between the two arms were found for health-related QoL or emotional distress. Emotional functioning,insomnia,anxiety,intrusion,and avoidance improved over time (p "," Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2010 Jun;44(3):146-55. Doi: 10.3109/02844311003791136.","Sweden",2010,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS,IES"]
[13,"Matthews BA,Rhee JS,Neuburg M,Burzynski ML,Nattinger AB. Development of the facial skin care index: a health-related outcomes index for skin cancer patients. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Jul;32(7):924-34; discussion 934. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32197.x.","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32197.x.","Matthews BA,Rhee JS,Neuburg M,Burzynski ML,Nattinger AB."," Development of the facial skin care index: a health-related outcomes index for skin cancer patients.","Existing health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) tools do not appear to capture patients' specific skin cancer concerns. To describe the conceptual foundation,item generation,reduction process,and reliability testing for the Facial Skin Cancer Index (FSCI),a HRQOL outcomes tool for skin cancer researchers and clinicians. Participants in Phases I to III consisted of adult patients (N=134) diagnosed with biopsy-proven nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer. Data were collected via self-report surveys and clinical records. Seventy-one distinct items were generated in Phase I and rated for their importance by an independent sample during Phase II; 36 items representing six theoretical HRQOL domains were retained. Test-retest I results indicated that four subscales showed adequate reliability coefficients (alpha=0.60 to 0.91). Twenty-six items remained for test-retest II. Results indicated excellent internal consistency for emotional,social,appearance,and modified financial/work subscales (range 0.79 to 0.95); test-retest correlation coefficients were consistent across time (range 0.81 to 0.97; lifestyle omitted). Pretesting afforded the opportunity to select items that optimally met our a priori conceptual and psychometric criteria for high data quality. Phase IV testing (validity and sensitivity before surgery and 4 months after Mohs micrographic surgery) for the 20-item FSCI is under way."," Dermatol Surg. 2006 Jul;32(7):924-34; discussion 934. ","USA",2006,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FSCI"]
[14,"Costanza ME,Hoople NE,Gaw VP,Stoddard AM. Cancer prevention practices and continuing education needs of primary care physicians. Am J Prev Med. 1993 Mar-Apr;9(2):107-12. ","","Costanza ME,Hoople NE,Gaw VP,Stoddard AM."," Cancer prevention practices and continuing education needs of primary care physicians.","We surveyed 1,500 primary care physicians in Massachusetts regarding their current attitudes and practices,as well as their interests and preferences in regard to a continuing education course,in cancer prevention and screening. Thirty-three percent (n = 488) of physicians returned questionnaires,with equal distribution among internists,family practitioners,and gynecologists. Our findings are based on physicians' self-report: 80%-92% of physicians routinely perform or order breast,cervical,skin,prostate,and colon examinations (with the exception of proctoscopy) for asymptomatic patients 50 years of age and older. Perceived barriers reported were as follows: for mammography,patient age older than 75; for sigmoidoscopy,cost; for counseling,lack of educational materials. Ninety-one percent of physicians rated a comprehensive course on cancer detection and prevention emphasizing practical matters and offering opportunity to upgrade clinical skills in physical exam and in counseling as somewhat to very useful. Specific topic preferences varied by specialty,but first preference for all three primary care groups was a course in improving their office management of cancer prevention and screening activities. Most appealing to practitioners was a one-day course leading to accreditation in screening and prevention and to reduction in malpractice premiums."," Am J Prev Med. 1993 Mar-Apr;9(2):107-12. ","USA",1993,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[15,"Kannan S,Mehta D,Ozog D. Scalp Closures With Pulley Sutures Reduce Time and Cost Compared to Traditional Layered Technique-A Prospective,Randomized,Observer-Blinded Study. Dermatol Surg. 2016 Nov;42(11):1248-1255. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000890. ","doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000890. ","Kannan S,Mehta D,Ozog D."," Scalp Closures With Pulley Sutures Reduce Time and Cost Compared to Traditional Layered Technique-A Prospective,Randomized,Observer-Blinded Study.","Reconstruction of postsurgical scalp defects can be difficult and time-consuming using a conventional bilayered technique. A specialized closure using a pulley suture can assist in closing wounds under high tension and can decrease time and cost for the surgeon. To determine if closing scalp defects with a single-layered closure using pulley sutures would result in decreased time but equivalent scar cosmesis compared to bilayered closures. A total of 21 patients with postsurgical scalp defects were randomized to a bilayered or a pulley group,and time was measured for each closure. Scar appearance was assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale at 2 weeks,2 months,and 6 months postsurgery. Before and after photographs were also assessed by a blinded dermatologist using the visual analog scale. Compared to a bilayered closure,the pulley technique resulted in significantly reduced closure time (p < .001). Even though patient overall scores at 2 weeks and observer total score at 6 months were superior in the pulley group,the visual analog scale scores were similar between the 2 groups. Scalp reconstructions using a single layer of pulley sutures result in time and cost reduction and similar scar appearance compared to bilayered closures."," Dermatol Surg. 2016 Nov;42(11):1248-1255. ","USA",2016,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"Patient/ Observer SAS"]
[16,"Grandi V,Baldi I,Cappugi P,Mori M,Pimpinelli N. Indole 3-acetic acid-photodynamic therapy in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses: A proof of concept pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 Dec;16():17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 23. ","doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 23. ","Grandi V,Baldi I,Cappugi P,Mori M,Pimpinelli N."," Indole 3-acetic acid-photodynamic therapy in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses: A proof of concept pilot study.","Actinic Keratoses (AK) are considered a form of in situ Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) arising on chronically photoexposed skin. PDT with ALA or MAL is an effective treatment for multiple AK due its high Overall Response Ratio (ORR) but is burdened by important drawbacks: time-consumption,pain and high costs. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) is a newly described photosensitizer with proven clinical efficacy on seborrheic dermatitis and acne vulgaris. The aim of the study was to assess efficacy,safety and tolerability of a cycle of IAA-PDT at 0.015% in liposomal gel in the treatment of multiple AK of face or scalp. We treated 12 patients affected by multiple AK on face/scalp with 4 weekly applications. The product was applied for 15min under occlusion; medicated area was then irradiated for 15min with a LED light at 520nm wavelength for a total fluency of 9J/cm2. No grade 3/4 SAE have been reported; all 12 patients successfully completed the cycle. CR at 3 months follow-up was 25%,with an ORR of 50%. Patients reported almost no pain during irradiations,with mean overall Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) score of 0.3±0.7. IAA-PDT led to a significant improve on Disease Life Quality Index (DLQI) mean score,but no variations on Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life (AKQoL) mean score. Although larger studies are needed,this is a first \"proof of concept\" of IAA- PDT as a possible treatment for multiple AK on face/scalp."," Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 Dec;16():17-22. ","Italy",2016,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"AKQoL,DLQI,VAS"]
[17,"Campana LG,Testori A,Curatolo P,Quaglino P,Mocellin S,Framarini M,Borgognoni L,Ascierto PA,Mozzillo N,Guida M,Bucher S,Rotunno R,Marenco F,De Salvo GL,De Paoli A,Rossi CR,Bonadies A. Treatment efficacy with electrochemotherapy: A multi-institutional prospective observational study on 376 patients with superficial tumors. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Dec;42(12):1914-1923. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.399. Epub 2016 Jun 29.","doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.399. Epub 2016 Jun 29.","Campana LG,Testori A,Curatolo P,Quaglino P,Mocellin S,Framarini M,Borgognoni L,Ascierto PA,Mozzillo N,Guida M,Bucher S,Rotunno R,Marenco F,De Salvo GL,De Paoli A,Rossi CR,Bonadies A."," Treatment efficacy with electrochemotherapy: A multi-institutional prospective observational study on 376 patients with superficial tumors.","Cutaneous metastases represent a therapeutic challenge. An increasing body of experience suggests that electrochemotherapy (ECT) provides effective tumor control,although its evidence basis should be strengthened. This prospective,multicenter,observational study enrolled patients with superficial metastases,who underwent ECT at 10 centers between 2008 and 2013. Outcomes included adherence to European Standard Operating Procedures of ECT (ESOPE),tumor response,local progression-free survival (LPFS),toxicity and patient-reported outcomes (PROs,EORTC QLQ-C30 plus an 8-item questionnaire). We enrolled 376 eligible patients. Tumor histotype distribution was as follows: melanoma,56%; squamous cell carcinoma,11%; Kaposi sarcoma,11%; breast carcinoma,8%; basal cell carcinoma,6%; soft tissue sarcomas,3%; others,5%. We registered 1304 target tumors (median size 1 cm). Treatment adhered to ESOPE in 88% of patients as to the route of drug administration,and in 70% as to electrode application. The procedure was mainly performed under sedation (64.6%) and by using intravenous chemotherapy (93.4%). Tumor response rate at 60 days was 88% (complete,50%). Small tumor size predicted complete response achievement (OR 2.24,p = 0.003),higher LPFS (HR 0.68,p = 0.004) and improved PROs (Global Health Status,p < 0.001; wound bleeding,p < 0.001; healing,p = 0.002; and aesthetics,p < 0.001). Skin toxicity (grade ≥3,7.8%) was lower in patients with tumors <2 cm (p≤0.001). One-year LPFS was 73.7% (95%CI 68.4-78.3). ECT represents a valuable skin-directed therapy across a range of malignancies. The most frequently applied treatment modality is intravenous chemotherapy under sedation. Small tumor size predicts durable tumor control,fewer side-effects and better PROs.\n"," Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Dec;42(12):1914-1923. ","Italy",2016,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Electrochemotherapy",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,Global Health Status"]
[18,"Dessy LA,Marcasciano M,Fanelli B,Mazzocchi M,Ribuffo D. Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly patients using dermal substitute. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Dec;136(12):1299-1303. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1205221. Epub 2016 Jul 7. ","doi: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1205221. Epub 2016 Jul 7. ","Dessy LA,Marcasciano M,Fanelli B,Mazzocchi M,Ribuffo D."," Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly patients using dermal substitute.","The nose is often involved by non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the increase in the incidence of such tumors,the morbidity and treatment-related costs represent a significant burden to healthcare systems. A bioresorbable dermal substitute (Hyalomatrix(®)) has been used for immediate dermal coverage and nose restoration after excision of infiltrating nasal NMSCs in elderly ASA III patients. Further studies on dermal substitutes are needed to improve benefit to patients. Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in elderly patients. Ten elderly ASA III patients with nasal defects after resection of infiltrating NMSC were reconstructed in a two-stage strategy. The surgical protocol targeted an initial wide tumor excision and apposition of a dermal induction template (Hyalomatrix(®)) and successive full thickness skin autograft. Results were documented by photography,visual analog scale for patient satisfaction,and Vancouver scar scale for evaluation of final graft characteristics. All patients were tumor-free during the 2 years follow-up. The procedure achieved acceptable nose reshaping and graft scarring evolution. Patient satisfaction was good-to-high."," Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Dec;136(12):1299-1303. ","Italy",2016,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"VSS,VAS"]
[19,"Watanabe K,Shimo A,Tsugawa K,Tokuda Y,Yamauchi H,Miyai E,Takemura K,Ikoma A,Nakamura S. Safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (GK567): a multicenter,open-label,phase III study (RDT.07.SRE.27013). Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jun;24(6):2583-90. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-3067-0. Epub 2015 Dec 30. ","doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-3067-0. Epub 2015 Dec 30. ","Watanabe K,Shimo A,Tsugawa K,Tokuda Y,Yamauchi H,Miyai E,Takemura K,Ikoma A,Nakamura S."," Safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (GK567): a multicenter,open-label,phase III study (RDT.07.SRE.27013).","Malignant fungating tumors are neoplastic tumors associated with skin ulcers,which are susceptible to microbial colonization. Bacterial infection and proliferation may lead to malodor causing distress to patients. Metronidazole-an effective agent against anaerobes-may contribute to deodorization and improvement in quality of life (QOL). This study investigated the efficacy and safety of topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel for alleviation of malodor in anaerobically infected fungating neoplastic tumors. This was a multicenter,open-label,non-controlled,phase III study including subjects aged 20 years or older with cutaneous fungating tumors releasing malodor (minimum score of 2 (mildly offensive smell) on a scale from 0 (no smell) to 4 (extremely offensive smell) based on investigator's assessment). Subjects applied metronidazole 0.75 % gel once or twice daily at the investigator's discretion for 14 days. Success was defined as an odor score of 0 or 1 at day 14,as assessed by the investigator. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a satisfaction questionnaire. Adverse events (AEs) that occurred after application of metronidazole 0.75 % gel were also reported. A total of 21 subjects at a median age of 65.0 years were enrolled. The success rate of deodorization at day 14 was 95.2 % (20/21 subjects). The patient satisfaction assessment showed that 71.4 % (15/21) of subjects were markedly or moderately improved. The treatment was well tolerated with only two AE cases of skin neoplasm bleeding (one mild and one moderate). Metronidazole 0.75 % gel is an effective and safe treatment for deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors."," Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jun;24(6):2583-90. ","Japan",2016,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,"Unknown"]
[20,"Hoorens I,Vossaert K,Pil L,Boone B,De Schepper S,Ongenae K,Annemans L,Chevolet I,Brochez L. Total-Body Examination vs Lesion-Directed Skin Cancer Screening. JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan;152(1):27-34. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2680.","doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2680.","Hoorens I,Vossaert K,Pil L,Boone B,De Schepper S,Ongenae K,Annemans L,Chevolet I,Brochez L."," Total-Body Examination vs Lesion-Directed Skin Cancer Screening.","Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer type. It remains unknown if and how screening programs can be organized in a cost-effective manner. To compare the 2 screening strategies of systematic total-body examination (TBE) and lesion-directed screening (LDS),with a focus on the participation rate,detection rate,anxiety,and cost. Population-based cross-sectional screenings by a team of 6 dermatologists were organized in 2 sociodemographically similar regions. The TBE was organized in a community of 9325 inhabitants 18 years and older (Wichelen,East Flanders,Belgium) during a 5-day screening (March 14-18,2014). The LDS was organized in a sociodemographically comparable community (Nevele,East Flanders,Belgium) of 9484 adult inhabitants during a 4-day screening (April 22 and 25-27,2014). The first population received a personal invitation for a standard TBE. In the second population,individuals were invited for an LDS if they had a lesion meeting 1 or more of the following criteria: ABCD rule (A,asymmetry; B,borders; C,colors; and D,differential structures),ugly duckling sign,new lesion lasting longer than 4 weeks,or red nonhealing lesions. In total,1982 individuals were screened,and 47 skin cancers (2.4%) were histologically confirmed,including 9 melanomas (0.5%),37 basal cell carcinomas (1.9%),and 1 squamous cell carcinoma or Bowen disease (0.1%). The positive predictive value for all suspicious lesions was 56.6% (47 of 83). The participation rate was 17.9% (1668 of 9325) in the TBE group vs 3.3% (314 of 9484) in the LDS group (P < .01). The skin cancer detection rate per 100 participants did not differ significantly between the 2 groups,with rates of 2.3% (39 of 1668) in the TBE group vs 3.2% (8 of 248) in the LDS group (P = .40). The operational effectiveness per 100 invitees was 0.4% (39 of 9325) in the TBE group vs 0.1% (8 of 9484) in the LDS group (P < .01). In addition,LDS was 5.6 times less time consuming than TBE. Participants in the LDS group had significantly higher baseline anxiety levels compared with participants in the TBE group (3.7 vs 3.3 points on a visual analog scale,P < .01). In screenees without a suspicious lesion,anxiety levels significantly dropped after screening. Total-body examination yielded a higher absolute number of skin cancers. Lesion-directed screening had a similar detection rate of 3.2% (8 of 248) but was 5.6 times less time consuming. When performed by dermatologists,LDS is an acceptable alternative screening method in health care systems with limited budgets or long waiting lists."," JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan;152(1):27-34. ","Belgium",2016,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[21,"Mathias SD,Chren MM,Crosby RD,Colwell HH,Yim YM,Reyes C,Chen DM,Fosko SW. Reliability and validity of the Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Index (aBCCdex). Br J Dermatol. 2015 Sep;173(3):713-9. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13877. Epub 2015 Jun 11.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.13877. Epub 2015 Jun 11.","Mathias SD,Chren MM,Crosby RD,Colwell HH,Yim YM,Reyes C,Chen DM,Fosko SW."," Reliability and validity of the Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Index (aBCCdex).","Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires were recently developed specifically for use with patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) and basal cell carcinoma naevus syndrome (BCCNS). To evaluate the measurement properties of PRO questionnaires for use in patients with aBCC or BCCNS. In total 129 patients from 10 clinical sites in the U.S.A. and the BCCNS Support Network completed the two newly developed questionnaires multiple times over 3 months. Patients also completed the Skindex-16 and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey as collateral measures. Psychometric properties of the questionnaires were evaluated,including internal consistency and test-retest reliability,construct and known-groups validity,and responsiveness. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and clinical input,the two newly developed questionnaires were combined into a single questionnaire,called the aBCCdex,which is relevant for patients with both aBCC and BCCNS. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable,and all aBCCdex scale scores correlated significantly with conceptually similar scales. When divided into groups that differed based on scores from collateral measures,aBCCdex scale scores differentiated between groups (known-groups validity) and were responsive to change. The aBCCdex is a brief and comprehensive questionnaire appropriate for use with patients with aBCC and BCCNS. Its reliability and validity have been confirmed. Further research is necessary to estimate the minimally important difference in a larger patient population."," Br J Dermatol. 2015 Sep;173(3):713-9. ","USA",2015,"Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"aBCCdex,SF-12,Skindex-16/17/29"]
[22,"Waalboer-Spuij R,Holterhues C,van Hattem S,Schuttelaar ML,Gaastra MT,Kuijpers DI,Hollestein LM,Nijsten TE. Patient Perception of Imiquimod Treatment for Actinic Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in 202 Patients. Dermatology. 2015;231(1):56-62. doi: 10.1159/000381420. Epub 2015 Apr 22. ","doi: 10.1159/000381420. Epub 2015 Apr 22. ","Waalboer-Spuij R,Holterhues C,van Hattem S,Schuttelaar ML,Gaastra MT,Kuijpers DI,Hollestein LM,Nijsten TE."," Patient Perception of Imiquimod Treatment for Actinic Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in 202 Patients.","To document the impact on patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of treatment with imiquimod cream in patients with actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC). This open-label,multicenter study included AK and sBCC patients eligible for treatment with imiquimod 5% cream. HRQoL was measured by the Skindex-17 and the Skin Cancer Index (SCI) and treatment satisfaction by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. 118 AK patients and 84 patients with sBCC were included. Low baseline HRQoL impairment was found on both questionnaires,which remained low after treatment,except for a small dip at the end of the application period. Imiquimod 5% cream treatment has no clinically relevant HRQoL impact in AK and sBCC patients according to the Skindex-17 and SCI. The effect of imiquimod treatment on HRQoL may be limited or these questionnaires do not fully capture relevant issues,such as fear of recurrence."," Dermatology. 2015;231(1):56-62. ","Netherlands",2015,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Imiquimod",null,"SCI,Skindex-16/17/29,TSQM"]
[23,"Dengel LT,Petroni GR,Judge J,Chen D,Acton ST,Schroen AT,Slingluff CL Jr. Total body photography for skin cancer screening. Int J Dermatol. 2015 Nov;54(11):1250-4. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12593. Epub 2014 Dec 16. ","doi: 10.1111/ijd.12593. Epub 2014 Dec 16. ","Dengel LT,Petroni GR,Judge J,Chen D,Acton ST,Schroen AT,Slingluff CL Jr."," Total body photography for skin cancer screening.","Total body photography may aid in melanoma screening but is not widely applied due to time and cost. We hypothesized that a near-simultaneous automated skin photo-acquisition system would be acceptable to patients and could rapidly obtain total body images that enable visualization of pigmented skin lesions. From February to May 2009,a study of 20 volunteers was performed at the University of Virginia to test a prototype 16-camera imaging booth built by the research team and to guide development of special purpose software. For each participant,images were obtained before and after marking 10 lesions (five \"easy\" and five \"difficult\"),and images were evaluated to estimate visualization rates. Imaging logistical challenges were scored by the operator,and participant opinion was assessed by questionnaire. Average time for image capture was three minutes (range 2-5). All 55 \"easy\" lesions were visualized (sensitivity 100%,90% CI 95-100%),and 54/55 \"difficult\" lesions were visualized (sensitivity 98%,90% CI 92-100%). Operators and patients graded the imaging process favorably,with challenges identified regarding lighting and positioning. Rapid-acquisition automated skin photography is feasible with a low-cost system,with excellent lesion visualization and participant acceptance. These data provide a basis for employing this method in clinical melanoma screening."," Int J Dermatol. 2015 Nov;54(11):1250-4. ","USA",2015,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[24,"Wu H,Reeves KW,Qian J,Sturgeon SR. Coffee,tea,and melanoma risk among postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015 Jul;24(4):347-52. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000093. ","doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000093. ","Wu H,Reeves KW,Qian J,Sturgeon SR."," Coffee,tea,and melanoma risk among postmenopausal women.","Laboratory research suggests that components in coffee and tea may have anticarcinogenic effects. Some epidemiologic studies have reported that women who consume coffee and tea have a lower risk for melanoma. We assessed coffee,tea,and melanoma risk prospectively in the Women's Health Initiative - Observational Study cohort of 66,484 postmenopausal women,followed for an average of 7.7 years. Coffee and tea intakes were measured through self-administered questionnaires at baseline and at year 3 of follow-up. Self-reported incident melanomas were adjudicated using medical records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk,adjusting for covariates,with person-time accumulation until melanoma diagnosis (n=398),death,loss to follow-up,or through 2005. Daily coffee [hazard ratio (HR)=0.87,95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.12] and tea (HR=1.03,95% CI 0.81-1.31) intakes were not significantly associated with melanoma risk compared with nondaily intake of each beverage. No significant trends were observed between melanoma risk and increasing intakes of coffee (P for trend=0.38) or tea (P for trend=0.22). Women who reported daily coffee intake at both baseline and year 3 had a significantly decreased risk compared with women who reported nondaily intake at both time points (HR=0.68,95% CI 0.48-0.97). Consistent daily tea intake was not associated with decreased melanoma risk. Overall,there is no strong evidence that increasing coffee or tea consumption can lead to a lower melanoma risk. We observed a decrease in melanoma risk among long-term coffee drinkers,but the lack of consistency in the results by dose and type cautioned against overinterpretation of the results."," Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015 Jul;24(4):347-52. ","USA",2015,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown"]
[25,"He SY,McCulloch CE,Boscardin WJ,Chren MM,Linos E,Arron ST. Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct;71(4):731-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023. Epub 2014 Jun 11. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023. Epub 2014 Jun 11. ","He SY,McCulloch CE,Boscardin WJ,Chren MM,Linos E,Arron ST."," Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population.","Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSPT) is the most common method used to assess sunburn risk and is an independent predictor of skin cancer risk. Because of a conventional assumption that FSPT is predictable based on pigmentary phenotypes,physicians frequently estimate FSPT based on patient appearance. We sought to determine the degree to which self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are predictive of FSPT in a large,ethnically diverse population. A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 3386 individuals regarding self-reported FSPT,pigmentary phenotypes,race,age,and sex. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine variables that significantly predict FSPT. Race,sex,skin color,eye color,and hair color are significant but weak independent predictors of FSPT (P<.0001). A multivariate model constructed using all independent predictors of FSPT only accurately predicted FSPT to within 1 point on the Fitzpatrick scale with 92% accuracy (weighted kappa statistic 0.53). Our study enriched for responses from ethnic minorities and does not fully represent the demographics of the US population. Patient self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are inaccurate predictors of sun sensitivity as defined by FSPT. There are limitations to using patient-reported race and appearance in predicting individual sunburn risk."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct;71(4):731-7. ","USA",2014,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Unknown"]
[26,"de Troya-Martín M,Rivas-Ruiz F,Blázquez-Sánchez N,Fernández-Canedo I,Aguilar-Bernier M,Repiso-Jiménez JB,Toribio-Montero JC,Jones-Caballero M,Rhee J. A Spanish version of the Skin Cancer Index: a questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jan;172(1):160-8. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13173. Epub 2014 Dec 25.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.13173. Epub 2014 Dec 25.","de Troya-Martín M,Rivas-Ruiz F,Blázquez-Sánchez N,Fernández-Canedo I,Aguilar-Bernier M,Repiso-Jiménez JB,Toribio-Montero JC,Jones-Caballero M,Rhee J."," A Spanish version of the Skin Cancer Index: a questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer.","The Skin Cancer Index (SCI) is the first specific patient-reported outcome measure for patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. To date,only the original English version has been published. To develop a Spanish version of the SCI that is semantically and linguistically equivalent to the original,and to evaluate its measurement properties in this different cultural environment. A cross-sectional study was conducted of the cultural adaptation and empirical validation of the questionnaire,analysing the psychometric properties of the new index at different stages. Of 440 patients recruited to the study,431 (95%) completed the Spanish version of the SCI questionnaire,in a mean time of 6·3 min (SD 2·9). Factor analysis of the scale revealed commonality and loading values of < 0·5 for three of the 15 items. The remaining 12 items converged into two components: appearance/social aspects (seven items) and emotional aspects (five items). Both domains presented a high level of internal consistency,with Cronbach's alpha values above 0·8. The convergent-discriminant validity analysis produced correlations higher than 0·3 for the mental component of the Short Form Health Survey-12v2 Health Questionnaire (correlation coefficient 0·39) and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (correlation coefficient -0·30). In the test-retest,nine of the 12 items produced a weighted kappa value exceeding 0·4,and for the remaining three items,the absolute agreement percentage exceeded 60%. The Spanish version of the SCI quality of life scale has been satisfactorily adapted and validated for use in Spanish-speaking countries and populations."," Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jan;172(1):160-8. ","Spain",2015,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,SF-12,SCI"]
[27,"Sampogna F,Tabolli S,Abeni D. Impact of different skin conditions on quality of life. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):255-61.","","Sampogna F,Tabolli S,Abeni D."," Impact of different skin conditions on quality of life.","Many skin conditions may have a strong impact on quality of life. The impact depends on several factors and in particular on the nature of the disease itself. The aim of the study was to describe the burden of several dermatological conditions on patients and to compare them. Dermatological patients were recruited consecutively during the normal outpatient clinics of a large reference hospital. Quality of life data were collected using the Skindex-29. A short form of the questionnaire,the Skindex-17,was derived in order to simplify the presentation of results. The Skindex-17 has two subscales: symptoms and psychosocial. Data were complete for 2478 patients and 2402 patients for the symptomatic and the psychosocial scale of Skindex-17,respectively. The different skin conditions were grouped into 32 categories. Three disease patterns could be recognized,according to quality of life impairment: 1) low symptomatic impairment and low psychosocial impairment: mild conditions such as nevi and benign skin neoplasms,but also melanoma; 2) low symptomatic impairment and high psychosocial impairment: diseases such as alopecia,hirsutism,vitiligo; 3) high symptomatic impairment and high psychosocial impairment: for example,psoriasis,pemphigus,lichen. Specialty-specific quality of life questionnaires,such as the Skindex-29 or the Skindex-17,allow to evaluate differences among conditions. Such observations could be used by health policy makers,to show,for example,that some conditions affecting the appearance,even though not clinically severe,may have a strong impact on psychosocial life."," G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):255-61.","Italy",2013,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Skindex-16/17/29"]
[28,"Waalboer-Spuij R,Nijsten TE. A review on quality of life in keratinocyte carcinoma patients. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):249-54. ","","Waalboer-Spuij R,Nijsten TE."," A review on quality of life in keratinocyte carcinoma patients.","Health-related quality of life issues in patients with cutaneous malignancies is being re-explored. This is motivated by the heavy burden they put on dermatological care,it is more and more considered a chronic disease and new non-invasive therapies are being introduced. The purpose of this review is to identify the relevant quality of life (QOL) issues and to summarize the instruments used for investigating QOL in keratinocyte carcinoma patients. With a systematic literature search in Embase,MEDLINE OvidSP,PubMed publisher and Cochrane Central,10 questionnaires and 4 studies reporting on quality of life issues were identified. Generic (UK Sickness Impact profile [UKSIP],Short Form 36-item Health Survey [SF-36],Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]) and dermatology specific (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] and Skindex-29,-16,-17) instruments demonstrated little to no QOL impairment. This may be explained by failing to capture the relevant domains such as \"emotions\",\"appearance\" and \"anxiety\". Skin cancer specific questionnaires (Skin Cancer Index [SCI],Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool [SCQOLIT] and Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life [AKQoL]) demonstrated good validity and responsiveness and represent the effect on QOL properly. However,there are some points of critique to these questionnaires. Optimal management of patients with actinic neoplasia syndrome and the selection and evaluation of therapies may benefit from the use of PROs in this ever increasing population."," G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):249-54. ","Netherlands",2013,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"AKQoL,DLQI,FACT-G,SF-36,SCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29,UKSIP"]
[29,"Zarrin R,Ibiebele TI,Marks GC. Development and validity assessment of a diet quality index for Australians. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(2):177-87. ","","Zarrin R,Ibiebele TI,Marks GC."," Development and validity assessment of a diet quality index for Australians.","Existing Australian diet quality indices have assumed links to health outcomes but their validity for this has not been reported. We extend the features of existing indices for Australian adults by constructing a new diet quality index (Aussie-DQI) using the national dietary guidelines linked to the Australia National Health Priority Areas. Construct validity was assessed using 24 hour dietary recalls from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (n=10,851 adults aged 19 years and older). Construct and criterion validity were assessed using food frequency questionnaire data from the Nambour Skin Cancer study (n=1355),a community-based longitudinal study with 16 year follow-up and cause-specific mortality outcomes. Generalised linear regression was used to assess associations between Aussie-DQI scores and socio-economic,demographic,health-behaviour characteristics,and food and nutrient intakes,while Cox proportional-hazards modeling was used to assess associations with cancer and allcause mortality. A high Aussie-DQI score was associated with being female,being older,non-smoking status,and BMI in the normal range in both study populations; and Aussie-DQI scores were inversely associated with cancer mortality among men in multivariable-adjusted analyses (hazard ratio = 0.30,95% CI: 0.11,0.83; p for trends = 0.06). In conclusion,Aussie-DQI successfully discriminated diet quality and showed that men,younger adults,current smokers and those overweight/obese were less likely to consume foods that meet dietary recommendations; and that a high diet quality is associated with decreased risk of cancer mortality among men. This study adds further evidence to clarify the role of diet quality in decreasing mortality from chronic diseases."," Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(2):177-87. ","Australia",2013,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Aussie-DQI"]
[30,"Brandberg Y,Johansson H,Aamdal S,Bastholt L,Hernberg M,Stierner U,von der Maase H,Hansson J,Nordic Melanoma Cooperative Group. Role functioning before start of adjuvant treatment was an independent prognostic factor for survival and time to failure.  A report from the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial for patients with high-risk melanoma.Acta Oncol. 2013 Aug;52(6):1086-93. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.789140. Epub 2013 Apr 28.","doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.789140. Epub 2013 Apr 28.","Brandberg Y,Johansson H,Aamdal S,Bastholt L,Hernberg M,Stierner U,von der Maase H,Hansson J,Nordic Melanoma Cooperative Group."," Role functioning before start of adjuvant treatment was an independent prognostic factor for survival and time to failure.  A report from the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial for patients with high-risk melanoma.","To investigate the role of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at randomization as independent prognostic factors for survival and time to failure,and to explore associations between HRQoL and treatment effects. In the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial,a randomized trial evaluating if adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose IFN had the same beneficial effects on overall and disease-free survival in high-risk melanoma as high-dose IFN,855 patients in Denmark,Finland,Norway,and Sweden were included. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL before randomization. A total of 785 (92%) agreed to participate in the HRQoL-study and provided baseline HRQoL data. Prognostic variables included in the multivariate model were age,sex,performance status,tumor thickness,stage,and number of positive lymph nodes. Univariate analyses revealed an association between prolonged survival and age,stage/ number of metastatic lymph nodes and the HRQoL variable role functioning (p ≤ 0.01). After controlling for other prognostic factors,these variables remained independently statistically significant for survival. The univariate analyses of time to failure showed significant associations with the clinical variable stage/nodes and with the HRQoL variables physical functioning and role functioning. Adjusted multivariate analyses including the same clinical conditions as above showed statistically significant relationships between time to failure and global quality of life,physical functioning,role functioning,social functioning and fatigue (p ≤ 0.01). No interactions between HRQoL variables and treatment were found,with the exception for cognitive functioning. Role functioning was found to be an independent prognostic factor for time to failure and survival in patients with high-risk melanoma. Thus,also in this early stage of melanoma,HRQoL variables might be useful as important prognostic factors for time to failure and overall survival.","Acta Oncol. 2013 Aug;52(6):1086-93. ","Sweden,Denmark,Norway,Finland",2013,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[31,"Shokrollahi K,Javed M,Aeuyung K,Ghattaura A,Whitaker IS,O'Leary B,James W,Murison M. Combined carbon dioxide laser with photodynamic therapy for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Nov;73(5):552-8. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182773ed2. ","doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182773ed2. ","Shokrollahi K,Javed M,Aeuyung K,Ghattaura A,Whitaker IS,O'Leary B,James W,Murison M."," Combined carbon dioxide laser with photodynamic therapy for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are often seen by general practitioners,plastic surgeons,and dermatologists in the outpatient setting. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CO2 laser when used as monotherapy have been successfully used to treat small BCC,with greatest success in the superficial histological subtype but have limitations compared to surgical excision due to a limited depth of penetration of PDT (2 mm absorption) limiting efficacy. We describe our experience of dual-modality treatment improving efficacy,cosmetic outcomes,and minimizing recurrence. One hundred ten patients with a total of 177 lesions mainly on the head and neck were treated with combined therapy using an UltraPulse CO2 laser and PDT using methyl aminolevulinate (METVIX) at the same sitting,with repeat PDT 1 week later. We evaluated recurrences,cosmetic outcomes,patient satisfaction,and costs. The mean age of patients was 67 years. The mean follow-up period was 32.2 months,with a range of 7.7 to 68.5 months. Eighty six lesions were followed up for more than 3 years. A total of 177 lesions were diagnosed and treated. Only biopsy-proven BCCs were included in this study. Histologically,34 (19.2%) were superficial subtype,50 (28.2%) nodular,9 (5.08%) infiltrative,7 (3.95%) morpheic,3 (1.69%) mixed,and in 74 (41.8%) diagnosis was simply BCC. All lesions responded to treatment as assessed by clinical evaluation with regular follow-up. The total recurrence-free rate was 97.1%. In 88.1% lesions,a single cycle of treatment was required; 9.03% had 2 cycles and 0.56% underwent 3 cycles. In 3 of the patients,no data were available. Recurrences were noted in 5 (2.82%) cases. All recurrences were treated successfully,all but one using repeat laser-PDT. One patient underwent surgical excision. No significant complications were encountered,although mild hypopigmentation was occasionally seen and some discomfort is experienced with PDT. Combined CO2 laser and PDT have equivalent cure rates to surgery for BCCs--notably of the nodular subtype--these modalities acting synergistically. This strategy provides cure often with scarless outcomes as illustrated. Laser with PDT is most appropriate for patients who value excellent cosmetic outcomes and where avoidance of an invasive procedure is an important factor. In addition,this modality comes into its own for specific groups of patients,such as those on Warfarin or those with diffuse or multiple lesions."," Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Nov;73(5):552-8. ","UK",2014,"Basal cell carcinoma","Laser therapy,Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown"]
[32,"Bates AS,Davis CR,Takwale A,Knepil GJ. Patient-reported outcome measures in nonmelanoma skin cancer of the face: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jun;168(6):1187-94. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12269. ","doi: 10.1111/bjd.12269. ","Bates AS,Davis CR,Takwale A,Knepil GJ."," Patient-reported outcome measures in nonmelanoma skin cancer of the face: a systematic review.","Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in the western world,with an incidence of 98,000 in the U.K. Since 2009 the Department of Health (DoH) has collected patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) data following four common surgical procedures. However,a DoH PROM for NMSC does not exist. A systematic review of questionnaires published on patient concerns due to NMSC of the face was conducted. Keywords relevant to PROMs,NMSC and the facial region were comprehensively searched in medical databases. Inclusion criteria stipulated that questionnaires from relevant papers recruited patients with NMSC for both the item formulation and subsequent validation. Questionnaires were then discussed by a multispecialty skin cancer research team. Initially 2548 papers were found; after exclusion criteria were applied,73 articles were retrieved. Four patient questionnaires for NMSC featured adequate development and validation according to the inclusion criteria. The Facial Skin Cancer Index (FSCI) was the only PROM specific to facial NMSC. Additional questionnaires identified included the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool,Skindex,and Dermatology Life Quality Index. There is a scarcity of data relating to NMSC PROMs and appearance concerns. Only one questionnaire--the FSCI--was specific to patients with facial NMSC. We recommend nationally standardized data collection from patients with NMSC in order to create an evidence-based validated PROM for patients with facial skin cancer."," Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jun;168(6):1187-94. ","International",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,FSCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29"]
[33,"Lee EH,Klassen AF,Nehal KS,Cano SJ,Waters J,Pusic AL. A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the dermatologic population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Aug;69(2):e59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 24. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 24. ","Lee EH,Klassen AF,Nehal KS,Cano SJ,Waters J,Pusic AL."," A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the dermatologic population.","Treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has traditionally focused on minimizing recurrence and complication rates. However,the assessment of patient satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) is also important. These outcomes are best assessed by patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments. We sought to conduct a systematic review of published PRO instruments purporting to measure aspects associated with QOL and/or patient satisfaction in the dermatologic BCC/SCC population and evaluate their development,content,and psychometric properties. PubMed,Embase,Cochrane via Wiley,PsycINFO,CINAHL,and HaPI from inception to April 2011 were searched. Articles that discussed the instrument development and validation process were included. A total of 2212 articles were identified. Twenty met our inclusion criteria resulting in 6 PRO instruments: 3 general dermatology (Skindex,Dermatology Life Quality Index,dermatology quality of life scales),1 general plastic surgery (Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck),and 2 skin cancer-specific (Skin Cancer Index,disease-specific questionnaire). The 6 instruments all underwent some degree of formal development and validation,however,only the Skin Cancer Index was developed and validated in the BCC/SCC population. The review may not have included all relevant PRO instruments. The Skin Cancer Index demonstrates the most evidence of its usefulness in patients with BCC/SCC. The Skindex-16,Dermatology QOL Scales,and Dermatology Life Quality Index target different aspects of QOL and should be used depending on the specific question being investigated. The Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck may be beneficial to assess perceptions in appearance before and after surgical intervention."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Aug;69(2):e59-67. ","International",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,DQoLS,POS-HN,SCI,Skindex-16/17/29"]
[34,"Tinelli M,Ozolins M,Bath-Hextall F,Williams HC. What determines patient preferences for treating low risk basal cell carcinoma when comparing surgery vs imiquimod? A discrete choice experiment survey from the SINS trial. BMC Dermatol. 2012 Oct 4;12():19. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-19. Epub 2012 Oct 4. ","doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-19. Epub 2012 Oct 4. ","Tinelli M,Ozolins M,Bath-Hextall F,Williams HC."," What determines patient preferences for treating low risk basal cell carcinoma when comparing surgery vs imiquimod? A discrete choice experiment survey from the SINS trial.","The SINS trial (Controlled Clinical Trials ISRCTN48755084; Eudract No. 2004-004506-24) is a randomised controlled trial evaluating long term success of excisional surgery vs. imiquimod 5% cream for low risk nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The trial included a discrete choice experiment questionnaire to explore patient preferences of a cream versus surgery for the treatment of their skin cancer. The self-completed questionnaire was administered at baseline to 183 participants,measuring patients' strength of preferences when choosing either alternative 'surgery' or 'imiquimod cream' instead of a fixed 'current situation' option (of surgical excision as standard practice in UK). The treatments were described according to: cost,chance of complete clearance,side effects and appearance. Participants had to choose between various scenarios. Analysis was performed using a mixed logit model,which took into account the impact of previous BCC treatment and sample preference variability. The analysis showed that respondents preferred 'imiquimod cream' to their 'current situation' or 'surgery',regardless of previous experience of BCC symptoms and treatment. Respondents were more likely to be worried about their cosmetic outcomes and side effects they might experience over and above their chance of clearance and cost. Those with no experience of surgery (compared with experience) valued more the choice of 'imiquimod cream' (£1013 vs £781). All treatment characteristics were significant determinants of treatment choice,and there was significant variability in the population preferences for all of them. Patients with BCC valued more 'imiquimod cream' than alternative 'surgery' options,and all treatment characteristics were important for their choice of care. Understanding how people with a BCC value alternative interventions may better inform the development of health care interventions."," BMC Dermatol. 2012 Oct 4;12():19. ","UK",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,"Unknown"]
[35,"Chaudhary S, Dayal S. Radiofrequency ablation: a safe and economical modality in treatment of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Dermatol Online J. 2012 Aug 15;18(8):7. doi: . Epub 2012 Aug 15.","doi: . Epub 2012 Aug 15.","Chaudhary S, Dayal S."," Radiofrequency ablation: a safe and economical modality in treatment of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.","Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is an uncommon disease. Patients have a predisposition to develop cutaneous adnexal neoplasms such as cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, spiradenomas, trichoblastomas, basal cell carcinomas, follicular cysts, and organoid nevi. Malignant transformation of preexisting tumors also occurs in these individuals. Various techniques have been used for the treatment of trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas including excision, electrocautery, carbon dioxide laser ablation, cryosurgery, and radiotherapy. In our case, cylindromas were ablated by radiofrequency in multiple sittings. Trichoepitheliomas were ablated using coagulation mode with power # 3 to 3.5. Cosmetically acceptable results were obtained in 100 percent of the cylindromas and 70 percent of the trichoepitheliomas (Visual Analog Scale). The radiofrequency ablation technique under different modes can be used in both large tumors as well as smaller ones, especially in developing countries because it is very cost effective and easily accessible."," Dermatol Online J. 2012 Aug 15;18(8):7. ","India",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Radiofrequency ablation",null,"VAS"]
[36,"Burdon-Jones D, Gibbons K. The Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT): a validated health-related quality of life questionnaire for non-metastatic skin cancers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1109-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04669.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04669.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.","Burdon-Jones D, Gibbons K."," The Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT): a validated health-related quality of life questionnaire for non-metastatic skin cancers.","Quality of life (QOL) issues in patients with non-metastatic skin cancer are not satisfactorily demonstrated when using existing QOL questionnaires. To construct and validate a 10 item disease-specific QOL questionnaire, the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT), for use in patients following treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer. The SCQOLIT was constructed and administered initially to 120 patients with non-metastatic skin cancer, 60 with malignant melanoma (MM) and 60 with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) following treatment, then repeated in half this cohort at seven days, and the other half at three months. Data was collected on age, gender, skin cancer type and Breslow thickness. Statistical validation was undertaken. There were 113 valid SCQOLIT responses at initial completion (54 in the MM group, and 59 in the NMSC group). Initial SCQOLIT median scores (interquartile range [IQR], range) for the two groups were 10 (12, 0-28) MM, and 4 (5, 0-19) NMSC. Amongst the cohort readministered the SCQOLIT at three months (23 in the MM group, 25 in the NMSC group) median scores (IQR, range) were 6 (6, 0-26) MM and 3 (4, 0-20) NMSC. The SCQOLIT is a validated disease-specific QOL questionnaire for use in patients following treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer. Higher SCQOLIT scores are observed in MM patients than NMSC patients, but diminish with time in the MM group. Patients with persistently elevated SCQOLIT scores merit additional attention."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1109-13. ","Australia",2013,"Melanoma,Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SCQOLIT"]
[37,"Hafiji J, Salmon P, Hussain W. Patient satisfaction with post-operative telephone calls after Mohs micrographic surgery: a New Zealand and U.K. experience. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Sep;167(3):570-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11011.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.","doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11011.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.","Hafiji J, Salmon P, Hussain W."," Patient satisfaction with post-operative telephone calls after Mohs micrographic surgery: a New Zealand and U.","Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is regarded as the gold standard for treating nonmelanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. Surgical interventions can generate anxiety for patients and efforts to minimize this may enhance their experience. To assess the perceived patient benefits of post-operative telephone follow-up (TFU) calls after MMS. A prospective, controlled, questionnaire-based assessment of patient satisfaction with TFU calls in patients undergoing MMS was conducted in two centres (New Zealand and U.K.) over a 4-month period from June to September 2011. All individuals in the study group were telephoned on the evening of their surgery by the operating surgeon. Questionnaires were completed by all patients at the time of suture removal. The median Likert score on a 10-point scale relating to patients' perception of the TFU service was higher in the study group compared with the control group (10 vs. 9), with no correlation to closure type of the surgical defect. Overall patient satisfaction with the TFU service was high (94% New Zealand; 96% U.K.), and this was independent of the patient's place of residence. There was no age or sex difference in the minority who did not find the TFU call helpful. The majority of patients felt the best time to call was the night of the surgery (89% New Zealand; 94% U.K.). All patients who had undergone MMS previously found the TFU call just as useful as the first time. The majority of patients (94% New Zealand; 96% U.K.) did not need to call the doctor post-surgery, although 7% of patients in the control group rang the surgeon with issues that could have been readily dealt with by the TFU service. Comparatively, more patients from the U.K. felt their satisfaction would have been the same with a nurse-led TFU call service compared with New Zealand (94% vs. 66%). A significant proportion of those who preferred to be called by the doctor underwent cutaneous flap closures. Patients felt that other specialities that perform surgical procedures under local anaesthetic should adopt a TFU service post-surgery. TFU calls post-MMS are a cost-effective, time-efficient way of achieving high levels of patient satisfaction.","K. experience. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Sep;167(3):570-4. ","New Zealand, UK",2012,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"Unknown"]
[38,"Jennings L, Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Whalen FM, Schmults CD. The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;27(6):706-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.4541.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.4541.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6.","Jennings L, Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Whalen FM, Schmults CD."," The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices.","Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Sun exposure is the most important risk factor for its development. The amount of exposure required to cause skin cancer has not been quantified, and the impact of sun protective practices is unknown. To develop a brief self-administered questionnaire to estimate past and current sun exposure, sun protective practices, and assess the questionnaire's reliability and validity. The study had three stages: (1) questionnaire formulation, (2) internal reliability and construct validity testing and questionnaire refinement, (3) test-retest and further internal reliability testing. The final Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI) is composed of 15 questions assessing three domains; current sun behaviour, current sun exposure and prior sun exposure. A total of 251 subjects completed Stage 2 testing and 57 completed Stage 3. Final Cronbach's α-scores ranged from 0.71 to 0.84 and k-scores demonstrated excellent to fair/good agreement, indicating acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was evidenced by significantly higher prior sun exposure scores and lower current sun behaviour scores in subjects with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. Self-reported questionnaires, though efficient and low cost, may be subject to recall error and bias. Further work remains to determine if the SEBI maintains its reliability and validity in different populations. The SEBI is a brief self-administered questionnaire, which appears to be reliable and valid. It may provide useful measures of past and present sun exposure and current sun behaviour, which may be useful in studies of skin cancer incidence and risk modification.\n"," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;27(6):706-15. ","USA",2013,"Any skin cancer","Prevention",null,"SEBI"]
[39,"Rychetnik L, McCaffery K, Morton R, Irwig L. Psychosocial aspects of post-treatment follow-up for stage I/II melanoma: a systematic review of the literature. Psychooncology. 2013 Apr;22(4):721-36. doi: 10.1002/pon.3060. Epub 2012 Mar 19.","doi: 10.1002/pon.3060. Epub 2012 Mar 19.","Rychetnik L, McCaffery K, Morton R, Irwig L."," Psychosocial aspects of post-treatment follow-up for stage I/II melanoma: a systematic review of the literature.","Patients treated for melanoma are advised to have lifelong full body skin examinations. Extended intervals between examinations have been proposed, but although this may be clinically effective, psychosocial aspects of follow-up are not well understood. This systematic review summarised patient and clinician preferences, experiences and adherence with recommended follow-up of stage I/II melanoma. Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, ACP Journal Club and NHS Economic Evaluation Database were searched from database inception to week 3 April 2010, to identify original studies of psychosocial outcomes of follow-up after treatment of stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma, as reported by patients or clinicians. The results were synthesised, and characteristics likely to maximise patients' well-being and adherence to follow-up schedules were proposed. We found 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Anxiety with melanoma follow-up was common; patients valued reassurance, information and psychosocial support, but long-term adherence to schedules was variable. Some wanted more emotional support from their clinician than was provided. Clinicians sometimes ordered additional blood and imaging tests to reassure patients. GPs were hesitant to conduct melanoma follow-up, but a trial providing technical training and protocols reported positive outcomes. Both patients and GPs wanted prompt access to melanoma specialists when suspicious lesions were found. Psychosocial aspects of follow-up impact on patient well-being and potential adherence to schedules, and may influence clinician practice. If follow-up schedules or personnel are to be revised, psychosocial impacts on patients must be explicitly addressed, as well as guidance and specialist support for clinicians."," Psychooncology. 2013 Apr;22(4):721-36. ","International",2013,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[40,"Hofmann MA, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Garbe C, Weichenthal M, Trefzer U, Drecoll U, Tilgen W, Schadendorf D, Kaatz M, Ulrich J. Prospective evaluation of supportive care with or without CVD chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in advanced melanoma by patient's choice: a multicentre Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):516-23. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3283485ff0. ","doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3283485ff0. ","Hofmann MA, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Garbe C, Weichenthal M, Trefzer U, Drecoll U, Tilgen W, Schadendorf D, Kaatz M, Ulrich J."," Prospective evaluation of supportive care with or without CVD chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in advanced melanoma by patient's choice: a multicentre Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial.","This prospective, nonrandomized multicentre, phase III study compared best supportive care (BSC) alone with cisplatin, vindesine and dacabazine-based (CVD) chemotherapy and BSC in patients with advanced melanoma. A total of 117 pretreated patients with metastatic melanoma were evaluated, 34 patients in arm A (BSC) and 83 in arm B (BSC and CVD). Primary endpoint was overall survival and secondary endpoints were disease control rate and quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30). Owing to sparse recruitment of patients for randomization, the protocol has been changed based on patients' choice. Baseline characteristics were imbalanced with respect to the Karnofsky Performance Index (P=0.001), the existence of brain metastases (P=0.035) and earlier application of chemoimmunotherapy (P=0.038). Disease control was observed in 8.8% of patients in arm A and in 28.9% of patients in arm B (P=0.028). Median overall survival time was 137 days in arm A and 229 days in arm B (P=0.014). Multivariate analyses could not ascribe this prognostic benefit to CVD treatment. No significant difference in the quality of life could be found. This study could not detect clear survival benefits for polychemotherapy with CVD compared with BSC alone in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Interestingly, having the choice of chemotherapy or BSC alone in a second-line situation, more than 70% of patients chose polychemotherapy.\n"," Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):516-23. ","Germany",2011,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[41,"Holzinger A, Kosec P, Schwantzer G, Debevc M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Frühauf J. Design and development of a mobile computer application to reengineer workflows in the hospital and the methodology to evaluate its effectiveness. J Biomed Inform. 2011 Dec;44(6):968-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Jul 26. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Jul 26. ","Holzinger A, Kosec P, Schwantzer G, Debevc M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Frühauf J."," Design and development of a mobile computer application to reengineer workflows in the hospital and the methodology to evaluate its effectiveness.","This paper describes a new method of collecting additional data for the purpose of skin cancer research from the patients in the hospital using the system Mobile Computing in Medicine Graz (MoCoMed-Graz). This system departs from the traditional paper-based questionnaire data collection methods and implements a new composition of evaluation methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. The patients fill out a questionnaire on a Tablet-PC (or iPad Device) and the resulting medical data is integrated into the electronic patient record for display when the patient enters the doctor's examination room. Since the data is now part of the electronic patient record, the doctor can discuss the data together with the patient making corrections or completions where necessary, thus enhancing data quality and patient empowerment. A further advantage is that all questionnaires are in the system at the end of the day - and manual entry is no longer necessary - consequently raising data completeness. The front end was developed using a User Centered Design Process for touch tablet computers and transfers the data in XML to the SAP based enterprise hospital information system. The system was evaluated at the Graz University Hospital - where about 30 outpatients consult the pigmented lesion clinic each day - following Bronfenbrenner's three level perspective: The microlevel, the mesolevel and the macrolevel: On the microlevel, the questions answered by 194 outpatients, evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) resulted in a median of 97.5 (min: 50, max: 100) which showed that it is easy to use. On the mesolevel, the time spent by medical doctors was measured before and after the implementation of the system; the medical task performance time of 20 doctors (age median 43 (min: 29; max: 50)) showed a reduction of 90%. On the macrolevel, a cost model was developed to show how much money can be saved by the hospital management. This showed that, for an average of 30 patients per day, on a 250 day basis per year in this single clinic, the hospital management can save up to 40,000 EUR per annum, proving that mobile computers can successfully contribute to workflow optimization."," J Biomed Inform. 2011 Dec;44(6):968-77. ","Austria",2011,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Unknown"]
[42,"van der Geer S, Frunt M, Romero HL, Dellaert NP, Jansen-Vullers MH, Demeyere TB, Neumann HA, Krekels GA. One-stop-shop treatment for basal cell carcinoma, part of a new disease management strategy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Sep;26(9):1154-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04184.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04184.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.","van der Geer S, Frunt M, Romero HL, Dellaert NP, Jansen-Vullers MH, Demeyere TB, Neumann HA, Krekels GA."," One-stop-shop treatment for basal cell carcinoma, part of a new disease management strategy.","The number of skin cancer patients, especially patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is rapidly increasing. Resources available at dermato-oncology units have not increased proportionally, which affects the throughput time of patients. To assess the feasibility and safety of implementation of the one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of patients with BCC at a dermato-oncology unit. A pilot study on a one-stop-shop concept for BCC was performed to investigate procedure safety and patient satisfaction. Fresh frozen sections were used to diagnose the tumours, and subsequently treatment with photodynamic therapy or excision was performed on the same day. Time spent in the hospital was measured and questionnaires were used to evaluate patient satisfaction. Sixteen patients, who together had 19 tumours, were included. Diagnoses were made within a mean time of 100 min (range 27-160 min). The mean throughput time was 4 hours and 7 min (range 60-420 min). No complications were observed, and patient satisfaction was high. The one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of skin cancer patients is feasible and efficient for both patients and dermato-oncology units. Further research is necessary to investigate cost-effectiveness when larger patient groups are involved."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Sep;26(9):1154-7. ","Netherlands",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown"]
[43,"Frühauf J, Leinweber B, Fink-Puches R, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Richtig E, Wolf IH, Niederkorn A, Quehenberger F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of automated digital image analysis of pigmented skin lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Mar;26(3):368-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04081.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04081.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.","Frühauf J, Leinweber B, Fink-Puches R, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Richtig E, Wolf IH, Niederkorn A, Quehenberger F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R."," Patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of automated digital image analysis of pigmented skin lesions.","Computerized analysis of pigmented skin lesions may help to increase diagnostic accuracy for melanoma, help to avoid unnecessary procedures and reduce health care costs. We evaluated both the patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of such an analysis tool in a real clinical setting. Two hundred nine consecutive patients (median age: 34 years, range: 2-73 years), who were concerned about a pigmented skin lesion, answered a questionnaire about their attitude towards computerized analysis and their confidence in the resulting findings. Using a dermoscopy analyser, their skin lesions (n = 219) were then grouped into the categories, benign, suspicious and malignant, and results were compared with those obtained by in-person examination of dermato-oncologic experts. More than half of the patients (n = 114) would accept the use of computer analysis for melanoma screening; although 16 (14.0%) patients would accept this method solely, 98 (86.0%) patients would prefer an additional in-person examination by a dermatologist. Of the 219 pigmented skin lesions, the dermoscopic experts rated 171 (78.1%) as benign, 36 (16.4%) as suspicious and 12 (5.5%) as malignant, whereas computer analysis revealed 102 (46.6%) benign, 78 (35.6%) suspicious and 39 (17.8%) malignant lesions. At the expense of specificity (48.8%), the sensitivity of computerized analysis was excellent (100%) and equal to that of in-person examination. Most patients would accept computer analysis for melanoma screening, some of them even without reservations. However, due to a high rate of false positive computer assessments, it cannot be recommended as a screening tool at this time."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Mar;26(3):368-72. ","Austria",2012,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[44,"Chuang GS, Leach BC, Wheless L, Lang PG, Cook J. Preoperative expectations and values of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2011 Mar;37(3):311-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01878.x. Epub 2011 Feb 22. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01878.x. Epub 2011 Feb 22. ","Chuang GS, Leach BC, Wheless L, Lang PG, Cook J."," Preoperative expectations and values of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery.","Dermatologists have championed Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for its unsurpassed treatment success for skin cancers, safety profile, cost-effectiveness, and tissue-sparing quality. It is unclear whether patients undergoing MMS also value these characteristics. To evaluate patients' preoperative expectations of MMS and identify the factors that may influence such expectations The study prospectively recruited participants who were newly diagnosed with skin cancer and referred for MMS. A questionnaire listing the characteristics of MMS was given to the participants asking them to score the importance of each characteristic on a 10-point scale. The participants were also asked to provide information regarding their gender, age, subjective health status, education level, family annual income, and their referral source On average, participants placed the highest value, in descending order, on a treatment that yielded the highest cure rate, reconstruction initiation only after complete tumor removal, and the surgeon being a skin cancer specialist. Overall, participants placed high values on characteristics of MMS that dermatologists have long esteemed. Our data corroborate that MMS is a valuable procedure that meets the expectations not just of physicians, but also of patients. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters."," Dermatol Surg. 2011 Mar;37(3):311-9. ","USA",2011,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"Unknown"]
[45,"Ozolins M, Williams HC, Armstrong SJ, Bath-Hextall FJ. The SINS trial: a randomised controlled trial of excisional surgery versus imiquimod 5% cream for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Trials. 2010 Apr 21;11():42. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-42. Epub 2010 Apr 21.","doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-42. Epub 2010 Apr 21.","Ozolins M, Williams HC, Armstrong SJ, Bath-Hextall FJ."," The SINS trial: a randomised controlled trial of excisional surgery versus imiquimod 5% cream for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest human cancer. Despite increasing incidence it remains poorly researched. While not life threatening it can cause significant cosmetic disfigurement. Imiquimod, a cream which enhances the body's immune response, may help deal with the number of cases that occur in low-risk sites, especially when good cosmetic results and home use without surgery are needed.This study aims 1. To compare excisional surgery with imiquimod cream for nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma in low risk sites, with respect to 3 year clinical clearance, cost-effectiveness and cosmetic results. 2. To ascertain if certain phenotypic features and gene polymorphisms predict tumour responsiveness to treatment. Five hundred participants with low risk nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma will be recruited from hospitals to this multi-centre, randomised, parallel group, controlled phase III trial. Treatment in the imiquimod group is for 6 weeks for superficial basal cell carcinoma and 12 weeks for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Both treatment groups are followed up in clinic for 3 years. Primary outcome variable: the proportion of participants with clinical evidence of success (no recurrence) at 3 years. The primary outcome will be compared between the two treatment groups. Secondary outcomes include: i) clinical success at 1, 2 and 5 years, ii) time to first recurrence, iii) cosmetic appearance of lesion site after treatment, iv) level of pain, and v) cost-effectiveness. Safety and tolerability data will also be reported. This study protocol describes a pragmatic randomised controlled trial which it is hoped will address the above uncertainties. Three-year results will be available towards the end of 2010. Meta-register: NCT00066872, Eudract No. 2004-004506-24, ISRCTN48755084."," Trials. 2010 Apr 21;11():42. ","UK",2010,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Imiquimod",null,"Unknown"]
[46,"Cornish D, Holterhues C, van de Poll-Franse LV, Coebergh JW, Nijsten T. A systematic review of health-related quality of life in cutaneous melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20 Suppl 6():vi51-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp255. ","doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp255. ","Cornish D, Holterhues C, van de Poll-Franse LV, Coebergh JW, Nijsten T."," A systematic review of health-related quality of life in cutaneous melanoma.","Melanoma can be considered an emerging chronic disease that may considerably affect patients' lives. The authors systematically reviewed the available literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and melanoma. Of reviews and the selected studies, reference lists were hand-searched. The quality of the eligible studies was appraised based on 14 previously published criteria. Of the 158 abstracts, 44 articles were appraised, resulting in 13 selected studies written in English (published between 2001 and 2008). Most studies assessed patients from specialised centres with varying, but relatively advanced, disease stages. The most commonly used instruments were the SF-36 and EORTC QLQ-C30. Recently, a melanoma-specific HRQOL questionnaire [FACT-Melanoma (FACT-M)] was introduced for clinical trial purposes. It showed that approximately one-third of melanoma patients experienced considerable levels of distress, mostly at the time of diagnosis and following treatment. Systemic therapies affected HRQOL negatively in the short term, but to a lesser extent in the long term. Health status and patients' psychological characteristics are associated with higher levels of HRQOL impairment. The authors found that the impact of melanoma on patients' HRQOL is comparable to that of other cancers. Accurately assessing HRQOL impairment in melanoma patients is pivotal, as it may affect disease management, including therapy and additional counselling, future preventive behaviour and perhaps even prognosis.\n"," Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20 Suppl 6():vi51-8. ","International",2009,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,FACT-M,SF-36"]
[47,"Bottomley A, Coens C, Suciu S, Santinami M, Kruit W, Testori A, Marsden J, Punt C, Salès F, Gore M, Mackie R, Kusic Z, Dummer R, Patel P, Schadendorf D, Spatz A, Keilholz U, Eggermont A. Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation in resected stage III melanoma: a phase III randomized controlled trial of health-related quality of life and symptoms by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2916-23. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2069. Epub 2009 May 11. ","doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2069. Epub 2009 May 11. ","Bottomley A, Coens C, Suciu S, Santinami M, Kruit W, Testori A, Marsden J, Punt C, Salès F, Gore M, Mackie R, Kusic Z, Dummer R, Patel P, Schadendorf D, Spatz A, Keilholz U, Eggermont A."," Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation in resected stage III melanoma: a phase III randomized controlled trial of health-related quality of life and symptoms by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group.","Interferon (IFN) -based adjuvant therapy in melanoma is associated with significant side effects, which necessitates evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Our trial examined the HRQOL effects of adjuvant pegylated IFN-alpha-2b (PEG-IFN-alpha-2b) versus observation in patients with stage III melanoma. A total of 1,256 patients with stage III melanoma were randomly assigned after full lymphadenectomy to receive either observation (n = 629) or PEG-IFN-alpha-2b (n = 627): induction 6 micrograms/kg/wk [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] for 8 weeks then maintenance 3 micrograms/kg/wk [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] for an intended total duration of 5 years. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 was used to assess HRQOL. At 3.8 years of median follow-up, for the primary end point, recurrence-free survival (RFS), risk was reduced by 18% (hazard rate = 0.82; P = .01) in the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b arm compared with observation. Significant and clinically meaningful differences occurred with the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b treatment arm compared with the observation group, showing decreased global HRQOL at month 3 (-11.6 points; 99% CI, -8.2 to -15.0) and year 2 (-10.5 points; 99% CI, -6.6 to -14.4). Many of the other scales showed statistically significant differences between scores when comparing the two arms. From a clinical point of view, important differences were found for five scales: two functioning scales (social and role functioning) and three symptom scales (appetite loss, fatigue, and dyspnea), with the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b arm being most impaired. PEG-IFN-alpha-2b leads to a significant and sustained improvement in RFS. There is an expected negative effect on global HRQOL and selected symptoms when patients undergo PEG-IFN-alpha-2b treatment."," J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2916-23. ","Belgium",2009,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[48,"Weinstock MA, Lee KC, Chren MM, Marcolivio K, VATTC Trial Group. Quality of life in the actinic neoplasia syndrome: The VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Aug;61(2):207-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.022. Epub 2009 Apr 26.","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.022. Epub 2009 Apr 26.","Weinstock MA, Lee KC, Chren MM, Marcolivio K, VATTC Trial Group."," Quality of life in the actinic neoplasia syndrome: The VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial.","Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) are the most common malignancies of the skin. As lesions have a low mortality rate, understanding quality-of-life (QoL) factors is necessary in their management. To assess QoL and associated patient characteristics in those with a history of keratinocyte carcinomas. We conducted a cross-sectional study of veterans with a history of KCs enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas. Study dermatologists counted actinic keratoses (AKs) and assessed for skin photodamage. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29 and KC-specific questions. Demographics were self-reported. Participants (n = 931) enrolled at 5 clinical sites had worse QoL on all subscales (emotions, functioning, and symptoms) compared to a reference group of patients without skin disease. Univariate analysis demonstrated worse QoL associated with higher AK count, past 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) use, and greater sun sensitivity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher AK count and past 5-FU use were independently related to diminished QoL. Higher comorbidities showed modest associations on the symptoms and functioning subscales. Number of previous KCs was not independently associated with any QoL differences. Study population may not be generalizable to the general population. Counting of AKs is of limited reliability. Previous 5-FU use is self reported. A history of ever use of 5-FU and present AKs was strongly associated with worse QoL. We find it more useful to consider these patients as having the chronic condition \"actinic neoplasia syndrome,\" whose burden may be best measured by factors other than their history of Kcs."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Aug;61(2):207-15. ","USA",2009,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Prevention",null,"Skindex-16/17/29"]
[49,"Chait SR, Thompson JK, Jacobsen PB. Relationship of body image to breast and skin self-examination intentions and behaviors. Body Image. 2009 Jan;6(1):60-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Nov 14. ","doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Nov 14. ","Chait SR, Thompson JK, Jacobsen PB."," Relationship of body image to breast and skin self-examination intentions and behaviors.","Breast self-examinations (BSE) and skin self-examinations (SSE) represent cost-effective and time-efficient approaches to cancer detection. Given their utility, it is important to determine who is likely to perform these behaviors regularly and why. Because BSE and SSE require close examination of one's body, women who are less satisfied and less comfortable with their bodies may perform these behaviors less often. This study sought to determine if a relationship exists between body image and BSE and SSE behaviors and intentions. Ninety-three women completed measures assessing body image, past performance of and future intentions to perform BSE and SSE. Results indicated that body image was related to past performance of SSE. Having greater body-areas satisfaction and more favorable global evaluations of appearance were related to having performed SSE more frequently in the past year. Future research should further examine this relationship utilizing longitudinal designs and more diverse populations."," Body Image. 2009 Jan;6(1):60-3. ","USA",2009,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[50,"Cormier JN, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Mansfield PF, Camacho LH, Kim K, Webster K, Cella D, Palmer JL. Prospective assessment of the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma questionnaire. Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10):2249-57. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23424. ","doi: 10.1002/cncr.23424. ","Cormier JN, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Mansfield PF, Camacho LH, Kim K, Webster K, Cella D, Palmer JL."," Prospective assessment of the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma questionnaire.","The authors previously developed a melanoma-specific module for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-Melanoma), a tool for the assessment of quality of life (QOL) in patients with melanoma. The reliability and validity of the FACT-Melanoma was examined in this study. Patients with melanoma (N = 273; stages I-IV) completed a battery of questionnaires at the time of enrollment. The validity of the instrument was examined by comparing FACT-Melanoma scores with performance status, disease stage, treatment status, and other scales, including the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Melanoma Module, the Profile of Mood States, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Patients were assessed after 1 week to assess test-retest reliability and at 3 months to determine the sensitivity of the instrument to change in performance status. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability (r) of the melanoma subscale (Cronbach alpha = .85; r = .81) and the total FACT-Melanoma (alpha = .95; r = .90) were excellent. Overall, the scales were correlated with other measures, as anticipated. Total FACT-Melanoma scores, along with scores for physical well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being, and melanoma-specific scales, were lower for patients with advanced (stage III/IV) melanoma, poor performance status, and patients who were receiving active treatment. The FACT-Melanoma total score and the score for physical well-being were sensitive to changes in performance status (P = .0012 and P = .004, respectively). The results of the current study indicated that the FACT-Melanoma questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with melanoma that can be used for the assessment of QOL in clinical trials."," Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10):2249-57. ","USA",2008,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"EORTC-QLQ-Melanoma,FACT-M,MCSDS,POMS"]
[51,"Cashin RP, Lui P, Machado M, Hemels ME, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR. Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies. Value Health. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):259-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00243.x. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00243.x. ","Cashin RP, Lui P, Machado M, Hemels ME, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR."," Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies.","Metastatic melanoma (MM), a major concern for health-care providers, is increasing. We systematically reviewed published articles describing the impact of interventions (drugs and screening) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with MM, and articles that measured QoL in MM. We searched secondary databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and DARE from inception to 2006 using MESH terms \"melanoma\" and \"metastases.\" Economic articles were subject to established quality assessment procedures. We found 13 QoL and five economic studies (three cost-effectiveness, two cost-utility; average quality = 83% +/- 7%). No strong evidence was found in this review for cost-effectiveness of interferons in Canada (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] = $55,090/quality-adjusted life-year) or temozolomide in the United States (ICER = $36,990/Life-year gained based on nonsignificant efficacy differences). Melanoma screening was not cost-effective in the United States ($150,000-931,000/life-saved) or Germany (no survival benefit). From the 13 QoL studies,eight measured baseline QoL; six studied the same population, generating similar results using different approaches/outcomes. Tools used included GLQ-8, QLQ-C30, QLQ-36, QWB-SA, and SF-36. Baseline scores QoL scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.69. Another five studies (N = 959 patients) were randomized trials analyzing QoL in patients treated with dacarbazine alone, dacarbazine +/- interferon, dacarbazine + fotemustine, interleukin +/- histamine, and temozolomide. Little difference was found in QoL scores between drugs or between baseline and end point. Cost-effectiveness has not been widely demonstrated for treatment of MM. Only two studies with unimpressive results exist for treatments. Screening was not cost-effective in the United States or Germany. Generally, no significant improvements in QoL were found for any alternative for treating MM. A need exists for effective treatments that improve duration and QoL."," Value Health. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):259-71. ","International",2008,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Fotemustine,Interferon,Temozolomide,Screening or surveillance",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,QWB-SA,SF-36"]
[52,"Adamina M, Weber WP, Rosenthal R, Schumacher R, Zajac P, Guller U, Frey DM, Oertli D, Zuber M, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC. Heterologous prime-boost immunotherapy of melanoma patients with Influenza virosomes, and recombinant Vaccinia virus encoding 5 melanoma epitopes and 3 co-stimulatory molecules.  A multi-centre phase I/II open labeled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):165-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Jul 17.","doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Jul 17.","Adamina M, Weber WP, Rosenthal R, Schumacher R, Zajac P, Guller U, Frey DM, Oertli D, Zuber M, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC."," Heterologous prime-boost immunotherapy of melanoma patients with Influenza virosomes, and recombinant Vaccinia virus encoding 5 melanoma epitopes and 3 co-stimulatory molecules.  A multi-centre phase I/II open labeled clinical trial. ","To the exception of early stages of disease, the morbidity and mortality of melanoma is considerable, with no acknowledged therapeutic options beyond surgery. Immunotherapy of melanoma has achieved some success, but further refinements are urgently needed in order to realize its potential. This paper describes a multi-centre phase I/II open labeled, controlled clinical trial investigating 2 innovative immunotherapeutic reagents. Two successive groups of 20 resected AJCC stages IIb-IV melanoma patients will be treated, first with melanoma epitopes included into Influenza virosomes (group 1), and second with a heterologous prime-boost protocol priming with a recombinant Vaccinia virus, and boosting with Influenza virosomes (group 2). Five melanoma epitopes from three different melanoma differentiation antigens were included into Influenza virosomes, that cross-stimulate CD4+ T cells and are endowed with high adjuvant capacity in the generation of CTL. The same five melanoma epitopes, two co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and the CD40 ligand, a marker known to play a crucial role in CTL generation and memory maintenance were encoded in a recombinant Vaccinia virus. GM-CSF will be administered as a supporting cytokine. Both Influenza virosomes and octo-recombinant Vaccinia virus are innovative and original constructs assessed for the first time in human. Immunotherapy foresees 12 weekly immunizations for each group. Toxicity and adverse events will be monitored clinically. Immunological efficacy will be assessed dynamically by ex-vivo multimer analysis, Elispot, and quantitative real-time PCR for up to 3 months following completion of immunotherapy schedule. Disease free survival will be assessed by 4-monthly serial clinic visits, including physical and FDG-PET examinations, for a follow-up time of 2 years. Quality of life will be assessed with a dedicated FACT-BRM 4 questionnaire.","Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):165-81. ","Switzerland",2008,"Melanoma","Immunotherapy",null,"FACT-BRM"]
[53,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Logan BR, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Validation of a quality-of-life instrument for patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006 Sep-Oct;8(5):314-8. doi: 10.1001/archfaci.8.5.314. ","doi: 10.1001/archfaci.8.5.314. ","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Logan BR, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Validation of a quality-of-life instrument for patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer.","To validate a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument--the Skin Cancer Index--intended to measure quality-of-life issues relevant to patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Internal reliability, convergent and divergent validity with existing scales, and factor analyses were performed in a cross-sectional study of 211 patients presenting with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer to a dermatologic surgery clinic. Factor analyses of the Skin Cancer Index confirmed a multidimensional scale with 3 distinct subscales-emotional, social, and appearance. Excellent internal validity of the 3 subscales was demonstrated. Substantial evidence was observed for convergent validity with the Dermatology Life Quality Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Lerman's Cancer Worry Scale, and Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 12 domains for vitality, emotion, social function, and mental health. These findings validate a new disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. Studies on the responsiveness of the Skin Cancer Index to clinical intervention are currently under way."," Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006 Sep-Oct;8(5):314-8. ","USA",2006,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,LCWS,RSES,SF-12,SCI"]
[54,"Kuijpers DI, Thissen MR, Thissen CA, Neumann MH. Similar effectiveness of methyl aminolevulinate and 5-aminolevulinate in topical photodynamic therapy for nodular basal cell carcinoma. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Jul-Aug;5(7):642-5. ","","Kuijpers DI, Thissen MR, Thissen CA, Neumann MH."," Similar effectiveness of methyl aminolevulinate and 5-aminolevulinate in topical photodynamic therapy for nodular basal cell carcinoma.","Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a treatment modality that is increasingly used in dermato-oncology. Currently, 2 topical photosensitizers, 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) are widely used, but their efficacy in BCC has not yet been compared in a clinical setting. To evaluate the effect, degree of pain, and costs of ALA-PDT versus MAL-PDT in nodular BCC (nBCC). Patients suffering from BCC were randomly assigned to either ALA-PDT (n=22) or MAL-PDT (n=21) in a pilot study. In each group, half of the tumors were debulked prior to PDT. Eight weeks after treatment, the therapeutic outcome was checked histologically. Pain scores were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Residual tumor tissue was detected in 6 BCCs of each study group. No significant difference between ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT was found with regard to therapeutic efficacy and pain scores. Of note, however, the costs of MAL-PDT were 6-fold higher than those of ALA-PDT. In this study we did not observe any differences in short-term efficacy between ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT. Therefore, both ALA and MAL can be equally recommended as topical photosensitizers in PDT."," J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Jul-Aug;5(7):642-5. ","Netherlands",2006,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"VAS"]
[55,"Dixon S, Walters SJ, Turner L, Hancock BW. Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of interferon-alpha in malignant melanoma: results from randomised trial. Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):492-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602973. ","doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602973. ","Dixon S, Walters SJ, Turner L, Hancock BW."," Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of interferon-alpha in malignant melanoma: results from randomised trial.","A definitive conclusion regarding the value of low-dose extended duration adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma is only possible once data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and costs have been considered. This trial randomised 674 patients to interferon alpha-2a (3 megaunits three times per week for 2 years or until recurrence) or placebo. Health-related quality of life (QoL) was to be assessed up to 60 months using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30. Data for the economic analysis, including cost information and the EQ-5D were also collected. Patients in the observation (OBS) group had significantly better mean follow-up quality of on five dimensions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scales: role functioning (P = 0.033), emotional functioning (P = 0.003), cognitive functioning (P = 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.003) and global health status (P = 0.001). Patients in the OBS group had significantly better mean follow-up symptom scores on seven dimensions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 V1 symptom scales. Economic data showed that costs were 3066 pounds higher in the interferon group and produces an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year of 41,432 pounds at 5 years. The results show that interferon has significant effects on QoL and symptomatology and is unlikely to be cost-effective in this patient group in the UK."," Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):492-8. ","UK",2006,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D"]
[56,"Clayton TH, Tait J, Whitehurst C, Yates VM. Photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease. Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb;16(1):39-41. ","","Clayton TH, Tait J, Whitehurst C, Yates VM."," Photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease.","Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) and Bowen's disease. Several studies have reported complete response rates of 80-95% and an excellent cosmetic outcome. Bowen's disease and superficial basal cell carcinomas characteristically affect older patients who may also have associated difficulties with mobility. Using a portable PDT light source we were able to deliver PDT in a community setting with the aim of providing a more convenient service for patients. This randomised study confirmed that community delivered PDT is a viable treatment option and can be administered safely in the community by a trained dermatology nurse. The results from patient questionnaires suggest that community delivered PDT is more convenient to the patient, and also cost effective."," Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb;16(1):39-41. ","UK",2006,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown"]
[57,"Francken AB, Bastiaannet E, Hoekstra HJ. Follow-up in patients with localised primary cutaneous melanoma. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Aug;6(8):608-21. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70283-7.","doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70283-7.","Francken AB, Bastiaannet E, Hoekstra HJ."," Follow-up in patients with localised primary cutaneous melanoma.","Follow-up services for patients with localised cutaneous melanoma are widely discussed but there is no international consensus. Our aim was to discuss frequency and duration of follow-up, type of health professional involved, optimum intensity of routine investigation, and patients' satisfaction with follow-up. Searches of the published work were directed at publications between January, 1985, and February, 2004 on recurrences, subsequent primary melanoma, routine tests, and patients' satisfaction. In a selection of 72 articles, 2142 (6.6%) recurrences were reported, 62% of which were detected by the patients themselves. 2.6% of patients developed a subsequent primary melanoma. Most investigators do not support high-intensity routine follow-up investigations. Of the various follow-up investigations requested by physicians, only medical history and physical examination seem to be cost effective. Lymph-node sonography seems to be a promising method for detection, although survival benefit remains to be proven. Patients were found to be anxious about follow-up visits, although other research showed that provision of information to patients was much appreciated. Published work on the follow-up of patients with cutaneous melanoma has mainly been retrospective and descriptive. Recommendations can be given with only a low grade of evidence. For meaningful guidelines to be developed, prospective, high-quality methodological research is needed."," Lancet Oncol. 2005 Aug;6(8):608-21. ","International",2005,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[58,"Trask PC, Griffith KA. The identification of empirically derived cancer patient subgroups using psychosocial variables. J Psychosom Res. 2004 Sep;57(3):287-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.005.","doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.005.","Trask PC, Griffith KA."," The identification of empirically derived cancer patient subgroups using psychosocial variables.","To determine if there are subgroups of cancer patients who differ on coping, psychological, and quality of life (QOL) measures, and to determine if these subgroups have a different course of distress and health following a cancer diagnosis. Three hundred fifty-one individuals presenting to a multidisciplinary melanoma clinic completed a baseline questionnaire packet containing the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Ways of Coping (WOC), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), an informed consent form, and a demographic questionnaire. Participants subsequently completed measures at 2, 5, and 9 months after completion of their baseline assessment. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted using the subscales of the STAI, SF-36, and WOC. Four distinct clusters, psychologically unhealthy, physically unhealthy, combined psychologically and physically unhealthy, and healthy, were identified. These clusters differed on the General Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI and the General Health scale of the SF-36 at each of the four assessment points. The course of distress and general health was distinct for each cluster during the study, with combined and psychologically unhealthy clusters having greater levels of distress and combined and physically unhealthy clusters having poorer overall health. The findings from this study provide support for distinct subgroups of patients presenting with a diagnosis of cancer whose level of distress and general health vary greatly following a cancer diagnosis. Clinical interventions tailored to the level of psychological or physical impairment as determined by the cluster may result in better outcomes following cancer treatment."," J Psychosom Res. 2004 Sep;57(3):287-95. ","USA",2004,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"BSI,SF-36,STAI,WOC"]
[59,"Aitken JF, Youl PH, Janda M, Elwood M, Ring IT, Lowe JB. Comparability of skin screening histories obtained by telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires: a randomized crossover study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):598-604. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh263.","doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh263.","Aitken JF, Youl PH, Janda M, Elwood M, Ring IT, Lowe JB."," Comparability of skin screening histories obtained by telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires: a randomized crossover study.","The comparability of information collected through telephone interviews and information collected through mailed questionnaires has not been well studied. As part of the first phase of a randomized controlled trial of population screening for melanoma in Queensland, Australia, the authors compared histories of skin examination reported in telephone interviews and self-administered mailed questionnaires. A total of 1,270 subjects each completed a telephone interview and a mailed questionnaire 1 month apart in 1999; 564 subjects received the interview first, and 706 received the mailed questionnaire first. Agreement between the two methods was 91.2% and 88.6% for whole-body skin examination by a physician in the last 12 months and the last 3 years, respectively, and 81.9% for whole-body skin self-examination in the last 12 months. Agreement was lower for \"any\" skin self-examination. Agreement between the two methods was similar regardless of whether the interview or the questionnaire was administered first. Missing data were less frequent for interviews (0.5%) than for mailed questionnaires (3.8%). Costs were estimated at A$9.55 (US$6.21) per completed interview and A$3.01 (US$1.96) per questionnaire. The similarity of results obtained using telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires, coupled with the substantially higher cost of telephone interviews, suggests that self-administered mailed questionnaires are an appropriate method of assessing this health behavior."," Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):598-604. ","Australia",2004,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[60,"Newton-Bishop JA, Nolan C, Turner F, McCabe M, Boxer C, Thomas JM, Coombes G, A'Hern RP, Barrett JH. A quality-of-life study in high-risk (thickness > = or 2 mm) cutaneous melanoma patients in a randomized trial of 1-cm versus 3-cm surgical excision margins. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004 Mar;9(2):152-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09118.x. ","doi: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09118.x. ","Newton-Bishop JA, Nolan C, Turner F, McCabe M, Boxer C, Thomas JM, Coombes G, A'Hern RP, Barrett JH."," A quality-of-life study in high-risk (thickness > = or 2 mm) cutaneous melanoma patients in a randomized trial of 1-cm versus 3-cm surgical excision margins.","A quality-of-life study was carried out to test the hypothesis that melanoma patients treated with a 3-cm margin of excision suffer greater impairment of their quality of life than those treated with a 1-cm margin. The secondary aim was to determine the predictors of a poor patient perception of their excision scar. A postal questionnaire study was carried out using Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), Psychosocial Adjustment of Illness Scale-Self-Report (PAIS-SR), Medical Outcomes Survey-Short Form 36 (MOS-SF36), and the Cassileth Scar questionnaires. Data were collected from 426 of the 537 patients who were mailed the questionnaires (response rate 79%). Fourteen percent had clinically significant anxiety and 5% had significant depression. A poor attitude toward quality of health care was associated with youth. Patients treated with a 3-cm margin excision had significantly poorer mental and physical function 1 mo after surgery, which disappeared within 6 mo. The greater difficulties experienced by the 3-cm margin group were particularly in their domestic, sexual, and social roles. Women, younger patients, those with poor physical and mental function after surgery, and those treated by a 3-cm margin were more likely to report a poorer perception of their scar. The poorer scar perception of patients in the 3-cm group persisted throughout the study period. Use of a 3-cm margin of excision for melanoma is associated with significantly more morbidity than use of a 1-cm margin, but this effect disappears in 6 mo. Patients treated by 3-cm excision were more likely, however, to have a persistent poor view of their scar. Youth and being female were also predictors of poor perception of the scar."," J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004 Mar;9(2):152-9. ","UK",2004,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"CSQ,HADS,PAIS-SR,SF-36"]
[61,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Skin cancer and quality of life: assessment with the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 1):525-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30169.x. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30169.x. ","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Skin cancer and quality of life: assessment with the Dermatology Life Quality Index.","Quality of life (QOL) has been identified as an important outcome in cancer research, yet the most common malignancy among humans, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), has been poorly studied in this regard. To determine whether change occurred in the QOL of NMSC patients after surgery using a general, validated dermatology QOL instrument: the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). A prospective study was conducted on 121 consecutive patients referred to a dermatologic Mohs surgery clinic with NMSC of the head and neck. QOL assessment was performed using the DLQI before (n=121) and after surgical treatment at 4 months (n=101). QOL scores demonstrated little handicap at initial diagnosis. The total DLQI scores showed little change over time, but an item analysis revealed that 2 of the 10 items demonstrated statistically significant change over time, with QOL improving after treatment-decreased painfulness/itchiness/soreness and less necessity to use concealing clothing. General dermatology QOL instruments demonstrated minimal handicap at initial diagnosis and little change after treatment of NMSC. Although the associations were modest, improvement in some aspects of well-being after treatment of NMSC was demonstrated. A more disease-specific instrument may be necessary to study this disease process further."," Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 1):525-9. ","USA",2004,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"DLQI"]
[62,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Quality of life and sun-protective behavior in patients with skin cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;130(2):141-6. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.2.141.","doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.2.141.","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Quality of life and sun-protective behavior in patients with skin cancer.","To determine whether change occurred in the general quality of life (QOL) of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) patients following surgery, to identify variables associated with patients' change in QOL, and to assess the impact of the disease and treatment on sun-protective behaviors and cigarette smoking. Longitudinal prospective study of 121 consecutive patients referred to a dermatologic Mohs surgery clinic with NMSC of the head and neck. Quality-of-life, smoking habit, and sun-protective behavior assessments were performed before treatment (N=121) and after surgical treatment at 1 (n=105) and 4 (n=101) months. Quality-of-life measures included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Overall, general QOL measures demonstrated little change over time. Only the mental (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and emotional (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) domains of QOL showed statistically significant change over time. A 2-way interaction showing effects for age and time on emotional well-being was modified by a 3-way interaction that depended on employment status. Emotional well-being scores for younger employed NMSC patients increased over time compared with scores among younger unemployed patients. In addition, many patients adopted greater use of sun-protective behaviors at 4 months following surgery. No change in cigarette smoking status was evidenced. Use of sun-protective behaviors increases after treatment. General QOL instruments demonstrate little change following treatment of NMSC. Although the associations are modest, improvements in emotional and mental health well-being following treatment of NMSC were demonstrated, especially for those younger than 65 years and employed. A disease-specific instrument may be necessary to further study this disease process."," Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;130(2):141-6. ","USA",2004,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FACT-G,SF-36"]
[63,"Kiebert GM, Jonas DL, Middleton MR. Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: results of a randomized phase III study comparing temozolomide with dacarbazine. Cancer Invest. 2003;21(6):821-9. ","","Kiebert GM, Jonas DL, Middleton MR."," Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: results of a randomized phase III study comparing temozolomide with dacarbazine.","Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a crucial endpoint in the evaluation of treatments that have limited survival benefits. The HRQL evaluations help ensure that patients are not sacrificing life quality for quantity. Current treatments for metastatic melanoma are primarily palliative, because cure is unattainable. The purpose of this article is to report detailed HRQL results of a phase III clinical trial comparing temozolomide to dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients were randomized to receive either oral temozolomide for 5 days every 4 weeks or intravenous DTIC for 5 days every 3 weeks. The HRQL was evaluated on day 1 cycle 1 and after each subsequent treatment cycle using the EORTC QLQ-C-30. The HRQL was compared between groups at weeks 12 and 24. Patients treated with temozolomide reported significantly better physical functioning and less fatigue and sleep disturbances than patients treated with DTIC at week 12. For all but two function and symptom subscales, EORTC QLQ-C30 subscale scores were numerically better for patients treated with temozolomide at week 12. All subscales except diarrhea were better for temozolomide at week 24. Analyses of change scores revealed that patients treated with temozolomide reported statistically significant improvements in emotional well-being and sleep disturbance. Patients also reported near significant change in cognitive functioning (3.9, p = 0.06). Patients treated with DTIC deteriorated on most function subscales and many symptom subscales at week 12. Deterioration in physical functioning approached significance (-6.8, p = 0.06). At week 24, patients treated with DTIC improved on the emotional functioning subscale and deteriorated on the physical, role, and global HRQL subscales, although many of the symptom scores improved. The results of this study suggest that treatment with temozolomide leads to important functional improvements and decreased symptoms compared to treatment with DTIC in patients being treated for metastatic melanoma."," Cancer Invest. 2003;21(6):821-9. ","UK",2003,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Temozolomide",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[64,"Ko CY, Maggard M, Livingston EH. Evaluating health utility in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer: a nationwide, population-based assessment. J Surg Res. 2003 Sep;114(1):1-5.","","Ko CY, Maggard M, Livingston EH."," Evaluating health utility in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer: a nationwide, population-based assessment.","Understanding the quality of life and health utility for cancer survivors is important; however, little data are available-particularly for long-term (>5 year) survivors. Using \"health utility\" scores as a proxy for quality of life may be advantageous because it is a single value. Utility scores range from 1.0 (perfect health) to 0 (death), and have been shown to be a good numerical summary of overall quality of life. Using a validated instrument for health utility (HALex), we calculated and report the scores of four different surgical cancers at multiple periods of follow-up, ranging from <1 year to >5 years after diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with either breast, colon, melanoma, or lung cancer were studied using the 1998 National Health Information Survey. Responses to several validated questions were collected and health utility scores were calculated. Different time periods were measured; acute (<1 year), short term (1-5 years), and long term (>5 years). Once a single health utility score was calculated, multivariate analyses were performed to identify important predictors of better versus worse health utility scores. The total sample size was 692 (breast 377, colon 169, melanoma 92, lung 54). Mean ages at diagnosis for the cancer groups were 56, 61, 52, and 60 years, respectively. The mean health utility scores in the acute period after diagnosis were: breast 0.62, colon 0.67, melanoma 0.73, and lung 0.42. In this acute period, the mean utility score for lung cancer survivors was statistically lower versus the others in the acute period (P < 0.001). Although variable trends were noted in the short-term period, all cancers demonstrated an increase in mean scores in the long-term period; the percent increases were: breast 15% (P = 0.01), colon 12%, melanoma 7%, and lung 47%. Multivariate regression analyses identified important associations of health utility scores. Significant predictors of lower health utility included the presence of pain and the presence of co-existent diseases, most commonly joint problems, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. For four surgical cancers in three time periods after diagnosis, health utility scores were lowest immediately after treatment and improved over time. Long-term (>5 year) survivors had the highest scores. Additionally, our analyses show that a part of health utility in this cohort is determined by the presence of pain and co-existent diseases, which are often items that can be improved by quality clinical care."," J Surg Res. 2003 Sep;114(1):1-5.","USA",2003,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"HALex"]
[65,"Trask PC, Paterson AG, Griffith KA, Riba MB, Schwartz JL. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for distress in patients with melanoma: comparison with standard medical care and impact on quality of life. Cancer. 2003 Aug 15;98(4):854-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11579. ","doi: 10.1002/cncr.11579. ","Trask PC, Paterson AG, Griffith KA, Riba MB, Schwartz JL."," Cognitive-behavioral intervention for distress in patients with melanoma: comparison with standard medical care and impact on quality of life.","Melanoma accounts for > 79% of skin cancer-related deaths, although it accounts for only 4% of skin cancer incidence. Given the potential for lethality, it is likely that patients with melanoma may experience significant emotional distress. The current study was designed to determine the effect of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with melanoma who had medium-to-high distress. Forty-eight patients who had Global Severity Index scores >or= 60 2 months after their initial visit to the multidisciplinary melanoma clinic were randomized to receive either standard care or 4 sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI). Repeated assessments using the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory occurred at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months after intervention for both groups. An intent-to-treat analysis did not reveal significantly lower distress in the CBI group at 2 months or 6 months of follow-up, although differences were noted in anxiety and HRQOL. An effect-of-intervention analysis did reveal lower levels of distress in the CBI group at 2 months, with differences approaching significance at 6 months. The four-session CBI significantly reduced distress and improved HRQOL for a period of 2 months in patients with melanoma who had medium-to-high distress, with improved general health evident 6 months after the intervention. Some variation in results was revealed in an intent-to-treat analysis. The initial evidence from the current study showed that a brief intervention may be effective for creating change in individuals with cancer who have increased distress, although further research is needed to identify the most optimal approach for delivering the intervention."," Cancer. 2003 Aug 15;98(4):854-64. ","USA",2003,"Melanoma","Cognitive behavioural therapy",null,"BSI,GSI,SF-36,STAI"]
[66,"Jatoi A, Suman VJ, Schaefer P, Block M, Loprinzi C, Roche P, Garneau S, Morton R, Stella PJ, Alberts SR, Pittelkow M, Sloan J, Pagano R. A phase II study of topical ceramides for cutaneous breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jul;80(1):99-104. doi: 10.1023/A:1024409123726. ","doi: 10.1023/A:1024409123726. ","Jatoi A, Suman VJ, Schaefer P, Block M, Loprinzi C, Roche P, Garneau S, Morton R, Stella PJ, Alberts SR, Pittelkow M, Sloan J, Pagano R."," A phase II study of topical ceramides for cutaneous breast cancer.","Short chain ceramides induce tumor cell apoptosis in preclinical models. Limited therapeutic options for patients with cutaneous breast cancer prompted the testing of these sphingolipids in patients with this disease. Twenty-five patients with refractory, cutaneous breast cancer were treated twice a day with a 1% mixture of topical C2 and C6 ceramides administered in a 1:1 ratio. For the first 8 weeks, patients were not allowed to receive other antineoplastic therapy. In addition to tumor status and toxicity assessment throughout the trial, skin biopsies for evidence of apoptosis and quality of life questionnaires (FACT-BR) were completed at baseline and 1 month. Only one patient manifested a partial response with topical ceramides, yielding a response rate of 4% (90% confidence interval 0, 17.6%). Median cutaneous progression-free survival was 2 months. The topical ceramides were also well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 toxicity reported. None of the six patients who underwent serial skin biopsies showed increased tumor cell apoptosis morphologically or by the modified TUNEL assay. To our knowledge, this trial is one of the first clinical investigations of short chain ceramides. This trial's results are not promising enough to merit further study of ceramides in the manner prescribed."," Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jul;80(1):99-104. ","USA",2003,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,"FACT-BR"]
[67,"Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Bianco P, De Salvo GL, Lo Re G, Romanini A, Labianca R, Nortilli R, Corgna E, Dalla Palma M, Lo Presti G, Ridolfi R, Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI). Quality of life evaluation in a randomised trial of chemotherapy versus bio-chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2003 Jul;39(11):1577-85.","","Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Bianco P, De Salvo GL, Lo Re G, Romanini A, Labianca R, Nortilli R, Corgna E, Dalla Palma M, Lo Presti G, Ridolfi R, Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI)."," Quality of life evaluation in a randomised trial of chemotherapy versus bio-chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients.","This study analyses the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of advanced melanoma patients, in a randomised trial comparing bio-chemotherapy (bio-CT) versus chemotherapy (CT). The trial enrolled 178 patients and the median survival was not statistically different between the two arms. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and before each cycle of therapy, using the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) questionnaire completed with 140 patients. At baseline, overall quality of life and psychological distress scores were the most impaired, compared with the normal population. During treatment, the difference between the two arms in the changes from baseline was statistically significant (P=0.03) only in the overall quality of life score, with a decrease of 6.28 points in the bio-CT arm. The mean values decreased significantly in all domains in bio-CT arm, but only in activity level and physical symptom distress scores in the CT arm. Testing HRQOL variables and prognostic clinical factors in a Cox model, only the serum level of lactic dehydrogenase, baseline overall quality of life and the physical symptom distress scores remained significant independent prognostic factors for survival. A score of less than 75 points in the overall quality of life and in the physical symptom distress domains was associated with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 2.31 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09-4.90) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.10-3.36), respectively."," Eur J Cancer. 2003 Jul;39(11):1577-85.","Italy",2003,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general,Immunotherapy",null,"RSCL"]
[68,"Rhee JS, Loberiza FR, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M. Quality of life assessment in nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer. Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):215-20. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200302000-00004. ","doi: 10.1097/00005537-200302000-00004. ","Rhee JS, Loberiza FR, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M."," Quality of life assessment in nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer.","Health-related quality of life (QOL) assessment of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer is poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to determine the general QOL of patients with cervicofacial skin cancer and to identify patient, clinical, and preventive behavior variables associated with patients' QOL. Cross-sectional study of 121 consecutive patients (65 female and 56 male patients) presenting to a dermatological Mohs surgery clinic with nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck. Quality of life assessment was performed before counseling or treatment. Measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Both instruments demonstrated good internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha (SF-36, alpha = 0.45-0.91; FACT-G, alpha = 0.61-0.90). The SF-36 scores were similar to historical norms. Bivariate analysis indicated significant correlation coefficients between QOL and patients' coexisting illnesses and medical risk factors. Sun-protective behaviors were associated with better QOL. The relationship appeared to be minimally influenced by patients' sociodemographic characteristics and disease-related variables (size, location, extent). Sun-protective behaviors were positively associated with certain QOL subscale scores in the population in the study. General QOL instruments demonstrated minimal impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer on patients at initial diagnosis. However, general measures may not be sensitive to the impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The development of a more disease-specific instrument may be necessary to evaluate this disease process."," Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):215-20. ","USA",2003,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FACT-G,SF-36"]
[69,"Duvic M, Kuzel TM, Olsen EA, Martin AG, Foss FM, Kim YH, Heald PW, Bacha P, Nichols J, Liepa A. Quality-of-life improvements in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients treated with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK). Clin Lymphoma. 2002 Mar;2(4):222-8. ","","Duvic M, Kuzel TM, Olsen EA, Martin AG, Foss FM, Kim YH, Heald PW, Bacha P, Nichols J, Liepa A."," Quality-of-life improvements in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients treated with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK).","Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) can be associated with painful, pruritic, disfiguring lesions. As part of a multicenter, randomized phase III trial in patients with heavily pretreated advanced and/or recurrent CTCL, the effects of an interleukin-2 receptor-targeted fusion protein, denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2, ONTAK), on patient-rated overall quality of life (QOL), skin appearance, and pruritus severity were evaluated. A total of 71 patients with stage IB-IVA CTCL received intravenous denileukin diftitox 9 microg/kg/day or 18 microg/kg/day over 15-60 minutes for 5 consecutive days on an outpatient basis; cycles were planned for every 21 days for a total of 8 cycles over 6 months. Prior to each treatment cycle, patients were evaluated for disease response and were asked to self-rate their overall QOL via the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire, skin appearance (7-point scale), and pruritus severity (10-cm visual analogue scale). Composite FACT-G and most individual subscale scores (physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well being) in documented responders (n = 21) gradually increased during the study period, generally reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05) by cycle 3, and were significantly (P < or = 0.041) higher than the scores of nonresponders at endpoint. Additionally for responders, assessments of skin severity and pruritus severity showed significant (P < or = 0.05) improvements at study endpoint compared with baseline. Adverse transfusion-related events (eg, hypersensitivity reactions, flu-like syndrome) were common during cycles 1 and 2, and vascular-leak syndrome occurred in 25% of patients. Denileukin diftitox was not associated with any clinically significant myelosuppression. Heavily pretreated patients with advanced and/or recurrent CTCL who responded to denileukin diftitox therapy showed significant improvements in self-rated overall QOL, skin appearance, and pruritus severity."," Clin Lymphoma. 2002 Mar;2(4):222-8. ","USA",2002,"Various","Denileukin",null,"FACT-G"]
[70,"Kilbridge KL, Cole BF, Kirkwood JM, Haluska FG, Atkins MA, Ruckdeschel JC, Sock DE, Nease RF Jr, Weeks JC. Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of high-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b for high-risk melanoma patients using intergroup clinical trial data. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1311-8.","","Kilbridge KL, Cole BF, Kirkwood JM, Haluska FG, Atkins MA, Ruckdeschel JC, Sock DE, Nease RF Jr, Weeks JC."," Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of high-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b for high-risk melanoma patients using intergroup clinical trial data.","High-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha 2b) for high-risk melanoma is a 1-year regimen that improves relapse-free and overall survival but has significant toxicity. A quality-of-life--adjusted survival (QAS) analysis analysis of two cooperative group phase III trials, E1684 and E1690/S9111/C9190, was performed, incorporating patient values (utilities) for the toxicity of IFN alpha 2b treatment and melanoma recurrence. Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity methodology was used with melanoma patient utilities and trial data to estimate the effect of IFN alpha 2b on QAS. The increase or decrease in QAS that patients could expect from treatment was estimated based on their utilities. Eleven utility predictor questions were tested to identify patients with utilities that result in decreased QAS. Using E1684 data, IFN alpha 2b would result in an increase in QAS for all sets of patient utilities. This benefit was significant (P <.05) for 16% of patients. Using E1690/S9111/C9190 data, 77% of patients would experience a benefit in QAS from IFN alpha 2b and 23% would experience a decrease in QAS; neither of these effects was statistically significant. Using utility predictors and the E1690/S9111/C9190 analysis, a decision rule was formulated that helps identify patients in whom IFN alpha 2b may detract from QAS. Most patients experienced improvement in QAS in both trials, but this benefit was statistically significant in only 16% of patients in E1684. Change in QAS depends more on the utility for IFN alpha 2b toxicity than on the utility for melanoma recurrence. Cancer patients probably have higher utilities for IFN alpha 2b toxicity than members of the general population and will tend to favor IFN alpha 2b treatment as a result."," J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1311-8.","USA",2002,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"Unknown"]
[71,"Young AM, Marsden J, Goodman A, Burton A, Dunn JA. Prospective randomized comparison of dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in metastatic melanoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001;13(6):458-65.","","Young AM, Marsden J, Goodman A, Burton A, Dunn JA."," Prospective randomized comparison of dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in metastatic melanoma.","Dacarbazine (DTIC) has been the mainstay of chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma for over two decades, but only 15%-20% of patients respond and benefit is usually transient. Randomized studies combining DTIC with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in advanced disease have so far been inconclusive in terms of response and survival. We report a randomized prospective pilot Phase III trial of DTIC +IFN-alpha in patients with metastatic melanoma. The primary endpoint was death. A total of 61 patients were randomized between April 1995 and April 1998. Differences in survival between groups were assessed using log-rank analysis. Quality of life was measured using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30 (+3) questionnaire. Fifty-seven patients died during the study. The median survival for patients receiving DTIC was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-9.0); it was 4.8 months for DTIC + IFN-alpha (95% CI 2.0-8.0). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment arms (chi2 unadjusted = 0.15, P = 0.70; chi2 adjusted = 0.01, P = 0.91). The 6-month survival of those patients randomized to DTIC alone was 58% compared with 40% for those patients randomized to DTIC + IFN-alpha. There were no differences in quality of life between treatment groups. This study failed to demonstrate a survival benefit for patients receiving IFN-alpha in combination with DTIC. These results are inconclusive primarily owing to the small size of the trial. A meta-analysis is required to determine whether there is a role for the addition of IFN-alpha to DTIC in the treatment of this disease."," Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001;13(6):458-65.","UK",2001,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[72,"Bender CM, Yasko JM, Kirkwood JM, Ryan C, Dunbar-Jacob J, Zullo T. Cognitive function and quality of life in interferon therapy for melanoma. Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Aug;9(3):352-63.","","Bender CM, Yasko JM, Kirkwood JM, Ryan C, Dunbar-Jacob J, Zullo T."," Cognitive function and quality of life in interferon therapy for melanoma.","The purpose of this pilot study was to describe short- and long-term changes in cognitive function and quality of life in patients with melanoma receiving interferon (IFN) alpha-2b. This study used a three-group, repeated measures design in which cognitive function and quality of life were evaluated prior to initiation of treatment at 3-month intervals during treatment and 3 months following the completion of treatment. The sample consisted of 16 adults with Stage II or III melanoma, randomized to one of three treatment groups. Participants in Arm A received high-dose IFN alpha-2b, those in Arm B received low-dose IFN alpha-2b, and those in Arm C received no therapy (control). No significant changes in cognitive function were detected. In participants in Arm A, there was a significant deterioration in the physical well-being dimension of quality of life from baseline to 3 months after beginning therapy."," Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Aug;9(3):352-63.","USA",2000,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"Unknown"]
[73,"Jaramillo-Ayerbe F. Cryosurgery in difficult to treat basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):223-9. ","","Jaramillo-Ayerbe F."," Cryosurgery in difficult to treat basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy. Although BCC has a low mortality, it has a large morbidity. Patients frequently present with difficult to treat BCC because of the lesion itself, the condition of the patient, or both. Satisfactory results have been reported in the cryosurgery of low-risk BCC. There is no agreement, however, about indication, cure rate, technical modalities, and results of cryosurgery in tumors larger than 1 cm, in critical locations, and of aggressive histologic type. The purpose of the study was to establish the cure rate, functional preservation, cosmetic results, acceptance, and complications of cryosurgery in difficult to treat BCC. One hundred and thirty six consecutive patients with 171 difficult to treat BCC (because of size, location, nature, or patient condition) were treated by the mixed technique of curettage followed by liquid nitrogen application. After an average follow-up of 5.2 years (6 months to 9.1 years), a cure rate of 91.8% was achieved. The treatment was well tolerated, widely accepted by the patients, of low cost, and with good functional and cosmetic results. Complications were few and minor. Cryosurgery is a well-tolerated therapeutic modality that offers an acceptable cure rate and good functional and cosmetic results in difficult to treat BCC."," Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):223-9. ",null,2000,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,"Unknown"]
[74,"Douglass HM, McGee R, Williams S. Are young adults checking their skin for melanoma? Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998 Aug;22(5):562-7.","","Douglass HM, McGee R, Williams S."," Are young adults checking their skin for melanoma? Aust N Z J Public Health.","This study examined the prevalence and predictors of self screening for melanoma in a large sample of young New Zealanders. A self-report questionnaire was administered to a sample of 909, 21-year-olds to investigate if young adults check their skin for changes in lesions which could be melanoma, and to identify the factors which influence this behaviour and any subsequent help seeking. Fifty-three per cent reported checking their skin in the past year, with 20% noticing a change in a mole or freckle. Forty-five per cent of those who noticed a change sought medical advice. The most common reason for not seeking advice was cost. Women were more likely that men to have checked their skin, to have noticed a change and to have sought medical advice. In addition to gender, tendency to self check was also associated with knowledge of melanoma and perceived risk of melanoma. These results are discussed in light of the current debate regarding skin cancer screening. This study fills a gap in the literature regarding self screening for melanoma in young adults and identifies ways in which future prevention campaigns might be modified to address the concerns of this age group."," 1998 Aug;22(5):562-7.","New Zealand, UK",1998,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]
[75,"Sigurdardóttir V, Brandberg Y, Sullivan M. Criterion-based validation of the EORTC QLQ-C36 in advanced melanoma: the CIPS questionnaire and proxy raters. Qual Life Res. 1996 Jun;5(3):375-86. ","","Sigurdardóttir V, Brandberg Y, Sullivan M."," Criterion-based validation of the EORTC QLQ-C36 in advanced melanoma: the CIPS questionnaire and proxy raters.","An extensive quality of life (QOL) investigation of the effects of chemotherapy in patients with generalized malignant melanoma included a validation study of involved questionnaires. The QOL domains of the three basic quality of life questionnaires, the EORTC QLQ-C36 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire), a study-specific malignant melanoma (MM) module and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale vs. the Cancer Inventory of Problem Situations (CIPS) were validated by correlation analyses. The value of using attending nurses and/or next of kin to assess the patients situation was also examined. Functional and symptom scales of the C36 and the subscales of the HAD showed appropriate convergent and discriminant validity when compared with the CIPS. The subscales of the MM module had less clear relationships, probably due to lack of accordance in the CIPS. Assessments of attending nurses revealed very low correlations with the patients' measures. They underestimated significantly series of specific symptoms and overestimated nausea and the overall quality of life of the patients. However, assessments of close relatives, mostly spouses, showed moderate to high correlations and no significant difference. These results further strengthen the overall validity of the modular approach of the EORTC QLQ technique. In this context of active chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer disease, relatives seem to be better surrogates than the attending nurses in assessing the patients' quality of life."," Qual Life Res. 1996 Jun;5(3):375-86. ","Sweden",1996,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS"]
[76,"Upright CA, Salton C, Roberts F, Murphy J. Evaluation of Mesalt dressings and continuous wet saline dressings in ulcerating metastatic skin lesions. Cancer Nurs. 1994 Apr;17(2):149-55.","","Upright CA, Salton C, Roberts F, Murphy J."," Evaluation of Mesalt dressings and continuous wet saline dressings in ulcerating metastatic skin lesions.","The care of chronic ulcerating metastatic skin lesions is not well established or supported by research. Because these cancerous lesions may be present for many years, patients and their caregivers are confronted with ongoing dressing care to control and prevent odor, bleeding, drainage, and infection. Eleven patients in this study compared Mesalt dressings (Sancella Incorporated, Oakville, Ontario, Canada) with continuous wet saline dressings using a crossover design. Results indicated that Mesalt dressings received significantly higher ratings when compared with continuous wet saline dressings for ease of application and odor control and were significantly preferred by patients. No significant differences were found for ease of removal and comfort of the dressing. Neither were there any significant differences in the occurrence of clinical infection, number of dressing changes, and time spent for the care of the lesion. Mesalt dressings were more expensive than continuous wet saline dressings, but benefits may outweight the costs."," Cancer Nurs. 1994 Apr;17(2):149-55.","Canada",1994,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,"Unknown"]
[77,"Robinson JK, Altman JS, Rademaker AW. Socioeconomic status and attitudes of 51 patients with giant basal and squamous cell carcinoma and paired controls. Arch Dermatol. 1995 Apr;131(4):428-31.","","Robinson JK, Altman JS, Rademaker AW."," Socioeconomic status and attitudes of 51 patients with giant basal and squamous cell carcinoma and paired controls.","Giant nonmelanoma skin cancers are disfiguring and clearly visible. This prospective study examined tumor characteristics, ie, location, tumor type, duration, and the socioeconomic status and attitudinal characteristics of these patients and their interactions with the medical community. From 1979 through 1993, preoperative questionnaires about age, sex, tumor duration, prior treatment, socioeconomic status, and attitudinal concerns were completed by 51 patients with giant tumors and randomly matched controls. Additional data completed by the physician included tumor type, location, and preoperative clinically apparent diameter of the tumor. Giant tumors were more frequent on the scalp in men. Lower socioeconomic status and infrequent physician visits were characteristic of those with giant lesions. Those with giant lesions were less concerned about their general health, had a greater sense of shame about their appearance, had greater belief that since prior treatment did not help the problem then nothing else would, and had an increased frequency of perceived prior reassurance. Women and those younger than 65 years of both sexes were more concerned about economic costs and/or the time lost from work or caring for others. Health promotion by early detection and treatment of these nonmelanoma skin cancers in elderly men could prevent extensive surgical efforts later in the course of the disease. Skin screening examinations by all physicians and better public awareness of the signs of skin cancer, especially among elderly men, would enhance early detection; however, it is not clear that early detection by physicians enables treatment. Strategies to assist individuals in overcoming their barriers to accessing care need to be provided."," Arch Dermatol. 1995 Apr;131(4):428-31.","USA",1995,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown"]
[78,"Gross DA, Field LM. Cooperative frozen section surgery. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987 Oct;13(10):1085-8.","","Gross DA, Field LM."," Cooperative frozen section surgery.","Utilization of the office setting for frozen section evaluation of tumor removal in the treatment of skin cancer is of considerable value. The impact of such surgery includes (1) enhanced quality of surgery by reducing the possibility of incomplete removal of tumor, (2) decreased financial cost to the patient when compared to hospital treatment, (3) better utilization of the doctor's time and facilities, (4) decreased disruption in the life of the patient and his family in terms of time off from work, surgery schedule flexibility, and a decrease in patient anxiety."," J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987 Oct;13(10):1085-8.","USA",1987,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"Unknown"]
[79,"Holme SA, Varma S, Chowdhury MM, Roberts DL. Audit of a melanoma screening day in the U.K.: clinical results, participant satisfaction and perceived value. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):784-8. ","","Holme SA, Varma S, Chowdhury MM, Roberts DL."," Audit of a melanoma screening day in the U.K.: clinical results, participant satisfaction and perceived value.","The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) has risen significantly over the last 50 years in caucasian populations. Mortality is related to the Breslow thickness of the lesion, and early detection followed by complete surgical excision is crucial to reducing this. Skin screening events have been advocated as a means of detecting greater numbers of MMs in the earlier and thinner stages. To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach in the U.K. The Department of Dermatology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, U.K. offered a 1-day melanoma screening event in summer 1998 at which 832 consecutive individuals were seen. A postal questionnaire 1 year after the event audited participant perceived value and satisfaction. Three MMs were identified (yield 1 : 277), all < 0.75 mm in thickness. Despite high participant satisfaction and perceived value, the pick-up rate of malignancy was significantly lower than at rapid access pigmented lesion clinics. In a country such as the U.K., with comprehensive health coverage and a low incidence of MM, triage for melanoma and referral to specialists by general practitioners may be more cost and time effective.\n"," Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):784-8. ","UK",2001,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown"]

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["AKQoL – Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life"]
["ADQI – Australian Diet Quality Index"]
["BPI – Brief Pain Inventory"]
["BSI – Brief Symptom Inventory"]
["CSQ – Cassileth Scar Questionnaire"]
["DLQI – Dermatology Life Quality Index"]
["DQOL – Dermatology Quality of Life Scales"]
["EORTC QLQ-C30 – European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core module"]
["EORTC- melanoma – EORTC melanoma module"]
["EQ-5D – EuroQol Questionnaire"]
["FACT-BR – Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast"]
["FACT-BRM – FACT- Biologic Response Modifiers"]
["FACT-G – FACT-General"]
["FACT-M – FACT-Melanoma"]
["FSCI – Facial Skin Cancer Index"]
["GHS – Global Health Status"]
["HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale"]
["HALex – Health Utility Index"]
["IES – Impact of Event Scale"]
["LCWS – Lerman’s Cancer Worry Scale"]
["MCSDQ – Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale"]
["MQLQ – McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire"]
["PAIS-SR – Psychosocial Adjustment of Illness Scale – self report"]
["POSAS – Patient /Observer Scar Assessment Scale"]
["POSHN – Patient Outcomes of Surgery – Head/Neck"]
["POMS – Profile Of Mood States"]
["QWB-SA – Quality of Well-Being – Self Assessment"]
["RSES – Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale"]
["RSCL – Rotterdam Symptom Checklist"]
["SF-12 – Short Form 12 items"]
["SF-36 – Short Form 36 items"]
["SCI – Skin Cancer Index"]
["SCQoL – Skin Cancer Quality of Life"]
["SCQOLIT – Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool"]
["SEBI – Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory"]
["STAI – State-Trait Anxiety Inventory"]
["TSQM – Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication"]
["UKSIP – UK Sickness Impact Profile"]
["VAS – Visual Analogue Scale"]
["VSPSQ – Visit-Specific Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire"]
["VSS – Vancouver Scar Scale"]
["WOC – Ways of Coping"]

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[1,"Sobanko JF,Da Silva D,Chiesa Fuxench ZC,Modi B,Shin TM,Etzkorn JR,Samimi SS,Wanat KA,Miller CJ. Preoperative telephone consultation does not decrease patient anxiety before Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):519-526. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.027. Epub 2016 Dec 4.","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.027. Epub 2016 Dec 4.","Sobanko JF,Da Silva D,Chiesa Fuxench ZC,Modi B,Shin TM,Etzkorn JR,Samimi SS,Wanat KA,Miller CJ."," Preoperative telephone consultation does not decrease patient anxiety before Mohs micrographic surgery.","Many factors influence anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). We sought to determine the effect of a preoperative educational telephone call on anxiety and satisfaction for patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS. Patients with skin cancer (N = 104) scheduled for same-day office consultation and MMS were randomly assigned to receive or not to receive an educational telephone call during the week before surgery. All patients rated their anxiety levels immediately before and after the same-day office consultation and MMS by completing the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and an anxiety visual analog scale. Patients also rated satisfaction immediately after MMS by completing the Visit-Specific Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS reported similar levels of increased anxiety and high satisfaction,regardless of whether they received a preoperative educational telephone call. Lack of control for patients' prior surgery or self-education is a limitation. Preoperative educational telephone calls did not relieve anxiety or improve satisfaction for patients undergoing same-day office consultation and MMS. Preoperative education and counseling has uncertain benefits to anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing MMS."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):519-526. ","USA",2017,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"STAI,VAS,VSPSQ",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"STAI,VAS,VSPSQ","2015:2017"]
[2,"Grob JJ,Amonkar MM,Karaszewska B,Schachter J,Dummer R,Mackiewicz A,Stroyakovskiy D,Drucis K,Grange F,Chiarion-Sileni V,Rutkowski P,Lichinitser M,Levchenko E,Wolter P,Hauschild A,Long GV,Nathan P,Ribas A,Flaherty K,Sun P,Legos JJ,McDowell DO,Mookerjee B,Schadendorf D,Robert C. Comparison of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy with vemurafenib monotherapy on health-related quality of life in patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous BRAF Val600-mutation-positive melanoma (COMBI-v): results of a phase 3,open-label,randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Oct;16(13):1389-98. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00087-X. ","doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00087-X. ","Grob JJ,Amonkar MM,Karaszewska B,Schachter J,Dummer R,Mackiewicz A,Stroyakovskiy D,Drucis K,Grange F,Chiarion-Sileni V,Rutkowski P,Lichinitser M,Levchenko E,Wolter P,Hauschild A,Long GV,Nathan P,Ribas A,Flaherty K,Sun P,Legos JJ,McDowell DO,Mookerjee B,Schadendorf D,Robert C."," Comparison of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy with vemurafenib monotherapy on health-related quality of life in patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous BRAF Val600-mutation-positive melanoma (COMBI-v): results of a phase 3,open-label,randomised trial.","In the COMBI-v trial,patients with previously untreated BRAF Val600Glu or Val600Lys mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma who were treated with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib had significantly longer overall and progression-free survival than those treated with vemurafenib alone. Here,we present the effects of treatments on health-related quality of life (HRQoL),an exploratory endpoint in the COMBI-v study. COMBI-v was an open-label,randomised phase 3 study in which 704 patients with metastatic melanoma with a BRAF Val600 mutation were randomly assigned (1:1) by an interactive voice response system to receive either a combination of dabrafenib (150 mg twice-daily) and trametinib (2 mg once-daily) or vemurafenib monotherapy (960 mg twice-daily) orally as first-line therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival. In this pre-specified exploratory analysis,we prospectively assessed HRQoL in the intention-to-treat population with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30),EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D),and Melanoma Subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma (FACT-M),completed at baseline,during study treatment,at disease progression,and after progression. We used a mixed-model,repeated measures ANCOVA to assess differences in mean scores between groups with baseline score as covariate; all p-values are descriptive. The COMBI-v trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,number NCT01597908,and is ongoing for the primary endpoint,but is not recruiting patients. From June 4,2012,to Oct 7,2013,1645 patients at 193 centres worldwide were screened for eligibility,and 704 patients were randomly assigned to dabrafenib plus trametinib (n=352) or vemurafenib (n=352). Questionnaire completion rates for both groups were high (>95% at baseline,>80% at follow-up assessments,and >70% at disease progression) with similar HRQoL and symptom scores reported at baseline in both treatment groups for all questionnaires. Differences in mean scores between treatment groups were significant and clinically meaningful in favour of the combination compared with vemurafenib monotherapy for most domains across all three questionnaires during study treatment and at disease progression,including EORTC QLQ-C30 global health (7·92,7·62,6·86,7·47,5·16,7·56,and 7·57 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; p<0·001 for all assessments except p=0·005 at week 40),EORTC QLQ-C30 pain (-13·20,-8·05,-8·82,-12·69,-12·46,-11·41,and -10·57 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; all p<0·001),EQ-5D thermometer scores (7·96,8·05,6·83,11·53,7·41,9·08,and 10·51 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; p<0·001 for all assessments except p=0·006 at week 32),and FACT-M Melanoma Subscale score (3·62,2·93,2·45,3·39,2·85,3·00,and 3·68 at weeks 8,16,24,32,40,48,and disease progression,respectively; all p<0·001). From the patient's perspective,which integrates not only survival advantage but also disease-associated and adverse-event-associated symptoms,treatment with the combination of a BRAF inhibitor plus a MEK inhibitor (dabrafenib plus trametinib) adds a clear benefit over monotherapy with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and supports the combination therapy as standard of care in this population."," Lancet Oncol. 2015 Oct;16(13):1389-98. ","International",2015,"Melanoma","Dabrafenib,Trametinib",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D,FACT-M",null,null,null,"International",null,"Melanoma","Dabrafenib,Trametinib",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D,FACT-M","2015:2017"]
[3,"Livingstone E,Krajewski C,Eigentler TK,Windemuth-Kieselbach C,Benson S,Elsenbruch S,Hauschild A,Rompel R,Meiss F,Mauerer A,Kähler KC,Dippel E,Möllenhoff K,Kilian K,Mohr P,Utikal J,Schadendorf D. Prospective evaluation of follow-up in melanoma patients in Germany - results of a multicentre and longitudinal study. Eur J Cancer. 2015 Mar;51(5):653-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 28. ","doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 28. ","Livingstone E,Krajewski C,Eigentler TK,Windemuth-Kieselbach C,Benson S,Elsenbruch S,Hauschild A,Rompel R,Meiss F,Mauerer A,Kähler KC,Dippel E,Möllenhoff K,Kilian K,Mohr P,Utikal J,Schadendorf D."," Prospective evaluation of follow-up in melanoma patients in Germany - results of a multicentre and longitudinal study.","Patient numbers requiring long-term melanoma surveillance are constantly rising. Surveillance is costly and guideline recommendations vary substantially. In this German nationwide study,information on surveillance and treatment of patients diagnosed with melanoma and melanoma in situ (MMis) between April and June 2008 was prospectively collected over four years. Additionally,patient self-report questionnaires were evaluated to assess anxiety,depression,health-related quality of life,socio-demographic information and use of disease specific health information sources at year 4 after primary diagnosis. Complete data was available for 668 patients from 67 centres,of whom 96.0% were in regular melanoma surveillance. In year 3-4 of surveillance,only 55.6% of locoregionary metastases were detected during surveillance visits. Only 33.3% were self-detected by the patient even though 69.4% were documented as being clinically visible or palpable. Costs of 4year surveillance of 550 patients without tumour recurrence (stage I-IIC and MMis) accumulated to 228,155.75 €. Guideline-adherence for follow-up frequency,lymph node ultrasound,S100 serum level tests and diagnostic imaging recommendations was approximately 60% in year 3-4 of surveillance. Multivariate regression analysis showed that certain patient/tumour characteristics and regional differences were significantly associated with guideline deviations. The percentage of patients who exceeded published cut-off scores indicating clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly increased. Patients frequently reported lack of psychosocial support and education but ascribed great importance to these. We recommend further reduction of melanoma follow-up in low-risk melanoma patients and improvement of psycho-social support and patient education for all melanoma patients."," Eur J Cancer. 2015 Mar;51(5):653-67. ","Germany",2015,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"Unknown","2015:2017"]
[4,"Bretterklieber A,Painsi C,Avian A,Wutte N,Aberer E. Impaired quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the general population and chronic dermatoses. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Sep 2;7():594. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-594. Epub 2014 Sep 2.","doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-594. Epub 2014 Sep 2.","Bretterklieber A,Painsi C,Avian A,Wutte N,Aberer E."," Impaired quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the general population and chronic dermatoses.","Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and potentially life threatening autoimmune disorder. The burden of disease compared to other dermatoses is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess both the quality of life in patients with SSc and the variables that are associated with poor quality of life. Forty-one patients with systemic sclerosis (29 limited,2 diffuse,10 undifferentiated forms) were assessed with respect to their health status and compared to published data for the normal population,SSc patients from other studies,and patients with chronic skin diseases. For the most part,our SSc patients had better outcomes in all 8 dimensions of the SF-36 than SSc patients from other studies,and poorer scores than the healthy population and those with occupational contact dermatitis,ichthyosis,non-melanoma skin cancer,contact dermatitis,atopic eczema,chronic nail disease,vitiligo,health care workers with work-related disease,and those with other chronic skin diseases,but significantly better scores for mental health than those with nail disease,vitiligo,and health-care workers. Patients with atopic dermatitis,psoriasis and pemphigus had significantly poorer mean scores in social function and mental health than SSc patients. Patients with pemphigus were also significantly impaired in their physical and emotional roles. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had the significantly poorest mean scores for QoL in all 8 domains except bodily pain and emotional role. Besides SLE,SSc is one of the most severe chronic dermatologic diseases in terms of reduced QoL. Since SSc cannot be cured,treatment strategies should include therapeutic interventions such as psychotherapy,social support,physiotherapy,and spiritual care. Their beneficial effects could be studied in future."," BMC Res Notes. 2014 Sep 2;7():594. ","Austria",2014,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SF-36",null,null,null,"Austria",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"SF-36","2010:2014"]
[5,"Bouwes Bavinck JN,Harwood CA,Genders RE,Wisgerhof HC,Plasmeijer EI,Mitchell L,Olasz EB,Mosel DD,Pokorney MS,Serra AL,Feldmeyer L,Baumann Conzett K,Piaserico S,Belloni Fortina A,Jahn K,Geusau A,Gerritsen MJ,Seckin D,Gulec AT,Cetkovska P,Ricar J,Imko-Walczuk B,Proby CM,Hofbauer GF. Pain identifies squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: the SCOPE-ITSCC PAIN study. Am J Transplant. 2014 Mar;14(3):668-76. ",null,"Bouwes Bavinck JN,Harwood CA,Genders RE,Wisgerhof HC,Plasmeijer EI,Mitchell L,Olasz EB,Mosel DD,Pokorney MS,Serra AL,Feldmeyer L,Baumann Conzett K,Piaserico S,Belloni Fortina A,Jahn K,Geusau A,Gerritsen MJ,Seckin D,Gulec AT,Cetkovska P,Ricar J,Imko-Walczuk B,Proby CM,Hofbauer GF."," Pain identifies squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients: the SCOPE-ITSCC PAIN study.","Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at high risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). We aimed to define clinically meaningful patient-reported warning signals predicting the presence of invasive SCC.Patient-reported signs and symptoms of 812 consecutively biopsied skin lesions from 410 OTR were determined by questionnaire and physical examination and related to the subsequent biopsy-proven diagnoses. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used as a measure of distinction between the predictive values of patient-reported warning signals and the occurrence of SCC. Pain was an independent predictive patient-reported warning signal for a biopsy-proven invasive SCC. The odds ratio from the fully adjusted model predicting SCC was 4.4(95% confidence interval: 2.4–8.2). Higher scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were associated witha greater likelihood for the presence of SCC compared to none or mild pain. The for scores on the VAS from 1to 3,4 to 6 and 7 to 10 were 4.9 (2.2–10.5),2.3 (0.96–5.5)and 16.5 (3.6–75.8),respectively. Pain is the most powerful patient-reported warning signal for invasive cutaneous SCC in OTR. Empowerment of patients by education could accelerate diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous SCC."," Am J Transplant. 2014 Mar;14(3):668-76. ",null,2014,"Squamous cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"VAS",null,null,null,null,null,"Squamous cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,null,"VAS","2010:2014"]
[6,"Schadendorf D,Amonkar MM,Milhem M,Grotzinger K,Demidov LV,Rutkowski P,Garbe C,Dummer R,Hassel JC,Wolter P,Mohr P,Trefzer U,Lefeuvre-Plesse C,Rutten A,Steven N,Ullenhag G,Sherman L,Wu FS,Patel K,Casey M,Robert C. Functional and symptom impact of trametinib versus chemotherapy in BRAF V600E advanced or metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the METRIC study. Ann Oncol. 2014 Mar;25(3):700-6. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt580. Epub 2014 Feb 6. ","doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt580. Epub 2014 Feb 6. ","Schadendorf D,Amonkar MM,Milhem M,Grotzinger K,Demidov LV,Rutkowski P,Garbe C,Dummer R,Hassel JC,Wolter P,Mohr P,Trefzer U,Lefeuvre-Plesse C,Rutten A,Steven N,Ullenhag G,Sherman L,Wu FS,Patel K,Casey M,Robert C."," Functional and symptom impact of trametinib versus chemotherapy in BRAF V600E advanced or metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the METRIC study.","In a randomized phase III study,trametinib prolonged progression-free survival and improved overall survival versus chemotherapy in patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma. Patients' quality of life (QOL) was assessed at baseline and follow-up visits using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core QOL questionnaire. In the primary efficacy population (BRAF V600E+,no brain metastases) from baseline to weeks 6 and 12,patients' global health status scores worsened by 4-5 points with chemotherapy but improved by 2-3 points with trametinib. Rapid and substantive reductions in QOL functionality (e.g. role functioning,8-11 points at weeks 6 and 12) and symptom exacerbation (e.g. fatigue,4-8 points; nausea and vomiting,5 points,both at weeks 6 and 12) were observed in chemotherapy-treated patients. In contrast,trametinib-treated patients reported small improvements or slight worsening from baseline at week 12,depending on the functional dimension and symptom. The mean symptom-scale scores for chemotherapy-treated patients increased from baseline (symptoms worsened) for seven of eight symptoms at week 6 (except insomnia) and six of eight symptoms at week 12 (except dyspnea and insomnia). In contrast,at weeks 6 and 12,the mean symptom-scale scores for trametinib decreased from baseline (symptoms improved) for pain (11-12 points),insomnia (10-12 points),and appetite loss (1-5 points),whereas those for diarrhea worsened (15-16 points). Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) and/or clinically meaningful improvements (small to moderate) from baseline in favor of trametinib for global health; physical,role,and social functioning; fatigue; pain; insomnia; nausea and vomiting; constipation; dyspnea; and appetite at weeks 6 and/or 12. QOL results for the intent-to-treat population were consistent. This first QOL assessment for a MEK inhibitor in metastatic melanoma demonstrated that trametinib was associated with less functional impairment,smaller declines in health status,and less exacerbation of symptoms versus chemotherapy."," Ann Oncol. 2014 Mar;25(3):700-6. ","Germany",2014,"Melanoma","Trametinib,Chemotherapy general",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Melanoma","Trametinib,Chemotherapy general",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[7,"Vinding GR,Christensen KB,Esmann S,Olesen AB,Jemec GB. Quality of life in non-melanoma skin cancer--the skin cancer quality of life (SCQoL) questionnaire. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Dec;39(12):1784-93. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12353. Epub 2013 Nov 14. ","doi: 10.1111/dsu.12353. Epub 2013 Nov 14. ","Vinding GR,Christensen KB,Esmann S,Olesen AB,Jemec GB."," Quality of life in non-melanoma skin cancer--the skin cancer quality of life (SCQoL) questionnaire.","Disease-specific quality of life (QoL) questionnaires are increasingly used to provide patient-reported out-come measures in both malignant and non-malignant disease. To create,validate and test the psychometrics of the Skin Cancer Quality of Life (SCQoL),which was designed to measure health-related QoL in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer affecting any area and undergoing any therapy. The SCQoL was developed in a stepwise approach. Three pilot studies (testing content and face validity) and psychometric testing (scale structure,reliability,domains and known-groups validity,concurrent and convergent validity) were conducted. Rasch analyses were performed on the final questionnaire. The initial 10-item questionnaire was reduced to 9 items following interviews and inter-item correlations. The nine item scale was confirmed by Item Response Theory (IRT) and internal consistency. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was found for a single item,but the effect was small. The final 9-item SCQoL is unidimensional and consists of 3 domains covering function,emotions and control. Furthermore there is one single global item. The total score range from 0 to 27. Higher score denote a greater impairment of the QoL."," Dermatol Surg. 2013 Dec;39(12):1784-93. ","Denmark",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SCQoL",null,null,null,"Denmark",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"SCQoL","2010:2014"]
[8,"Beynon T,Radcliffe E,Child F,Orlowska D,Whittaker S,Lawson S,Selman L,Harding R. What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Mar;170(3):599-608. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12644.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.12644.","Beynon T,Radcliffe E,Child F,Orlowska D,Whittaker S,Lawson S,Selman L,Harding R."," What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence.","Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is progressive,can cause significant symptoms,and impacts on quality of life. Therefore supportive and palliative care might have a role in the care of patients and families. To identify and appraise the available peer-reviewed evidence on the supportive and palliative care needs of patients and their caregivers. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Extracted data from eligible papers were collated in themes relating to supportive and palliative care needs and outcomes for patients,informal caregivers,health professionals and reported service models. Eighteen retained papers reported a symptom or quality-of-life measure. Five reported only these measures,13 reported outcomes in relation to an intervention. Systemic therapy targeted at disease remission was the most commonly reported intervention (12/13). No quality-of-life tool was consistently used. Pruritus was frequently reported as an outcome (n = 9) often using the visual analogue scale,VAS itch. Psychosocial,spiritual and caregiver needs were reported infrequently or not at all. No measure is routinely used to measure supportive and palliative care outcomes in CTCL. Physical needs,particularly pruritus,were reported commonly; however,qualitative evidence of experience is limited. Caregivers' needs are rarely explored. To compare outcomes from clinical studies,a single multidimensional tool used in routine practice would be useful. Further work is needed to explore a model of service that meets the specific physical,psychosocial and spiritual needs of this group of patients and their carers."," Br J Dermatol. 2014 Mar;170(3):599-608. ","UK",2014,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,"VAS",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,null,"VAS","2010:2014"]
[9,"Lo SF,Hayter M,Hu WY,Tai CY,Hsu MY,Li YF. Symptom burden and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds. J Adv Nurs. 2012 Jun;68(6):1312-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05839.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.","doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05839.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.","Lo SF,Hayter M,Hu WY,Tai CY,Hsu MY,Li YF."," Symptom burden and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds.","This study describes the relationship between symptoms and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds. Malignant fungating wounds are complex wounds that can bleed,become malodorous due to infection and are painful causing physical and psychological distress. However,there is a lack of literature on the impact that such wounds can have on quality of life. This was a descriptive,cross-sectional multi-centre study of patients with malignant fungating wounds. Participants were recruited from the palliative care,hospice,outpatient clinic and oncology units of three medical centres in Taiwan. Data were collected from February 2008 to August 2009. A structured questionnaire obtained socio-demographic information,medical details,wound assessment information and the Taiwanese version of the McGill quality of life questionnaire was administered by interview.   McGill quality of life scores indicated that the participants had the lowest quality of life. The participant's age,dressing change frequency,pain,wound dressing comfort,wound symptom,bleeding and malodour had statistically significant negative correlations with quality of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that age,malodour,pain issues and psychological issues explained 87% of the total variance in quality of life.   This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of malignant fungating wounds and how correct assessment and management is necessary to improve quality of life. Educational intervention research is needed for patients and caregivers in countries where this has not yet been performed. Further research should also identify whether nursing competence has a direct impact on quality of life."," J Adv Nurs. 2012 Jun;68(6):1312-21. ","Taiwan",2012,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"McGill QLQ",null,null,null,"Taiwan",null,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"McGill QLQ","2010:2014"]
[10,"Robinson DW Jr,Cormier JN,Zhao N,Uhlar CM,Revicki DA,Cella D. Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic melanoma: results from an international phase 2 multicenter study. Melanoma Res. 2012 Feb;22(1):54-62. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e32834d3da0.","doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e32834d3da0.","Robinson DW Jr,Cormier JN,Zhao N,Uhlar CM,Revicki DA,Cella D."," Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic melanoma: results from an international phase 2 multicenter study.","Clinical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) information was analyzed to determine: (a) patient-reported signs,symptoms,and functioning,(b) HRQoL questionnaire psychometrics,and (c) treatment impact on HRQoL. Data from the Melanoma Subscale (MS) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma and the worst pain question from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were taken from a clinical trial evaluating intetumumab alone or with dacarbazine in Stage IV metastatic melanoma. Descriptive statistics examined patient-reported disease burden at baseline. Correlations explored clinical endpoint and HRQoL associations. Psychometrics included Cronbach's α internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Treatment impact on HRQoL was evaluated through HRQoL maintenance and response analyses. Patients (n=127) had a mean age of 62 years,a mean±SD hemoglobin of 13.0±2.6 g/dl,and a mean±SD lactic dehydrogenase of 394±454 IU/l. Ninety-eight percent were Caucasian,67% were men,and 64% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0. Baseline BPI worst pain and MS scores (mean±SD) were 1.6±2.2 and 54.5±7.2,respectively. Top three patient-reported health decrements in the MS were appetite,fatigue,and limited physical activity. Observed HRQoL decrements were consistent with the literature. MS and BPI worst pain item demonstrated good psychometrics: Cronbach's α and ICC for the MS were 0.79 and 0.86,respectively; BPI ICC was 0.74. A trend for HRQoL response was observed 3 weeks postbaseline in the dacarbazine + 10 mg/kg intetumumab arm compared with dacarbazine + placebo: 22 versus 10%,respectively,for the MS; 23 versus 5% for the BPI. Further research on the HRQoL benefit of intetumumab in larger studies appears warranted."," Melanoma Res. 2012 Feb;22(1):54-62. ","USA",2012,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Intetumumab",null,"BPI,FACT-M",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Intetumumab",null,null,"BPI,FACT-M","2010:2014"]
[11,"Nathan PC,Ness KK,Mahoney MC,Li Z,Hudson MM,Ford JS,Landier W,Stovall M,Armstrong GT,Henderson TO,Robison LL,Oeffinger KC. Screening and surveillance for second malignant neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Oct 5;153(7):442-51. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00007.","doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00007.","Nathan PC,Ness KK,Mahoney MC,Li Z,Hudson MM,Ford JS,Landier W,Stovall M,Armstrong GT,Henderson TO,Robison LL,Oeffinger KC."," Screening and surveillance for second malignant neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study.","Survivors of childhood cancer may develop a second malignant neoplasm during adulthood and therefore require regular surveillance. To examine adherence to population cancer screening guidelines by survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm and adherence to cancer surveillance guidelines by survivors at high risk for a second malignant neoplasm. Retrospective cohort study. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS),a 26-center study of long-term survivors of childhood cancer that was diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. 4329 male and 4018 female survivors of childhood cancer who completed a CCSS questionnaire assessing screening and surveillance for new cases of cancer. Patient-reported receipt and timing of mammography,Papanicolaou smear,colonoscopy,or skin examination was categorized as adherent to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for survivors at average risk for breast or cervical cancer or the Children's Oncology Group guidelines for survivors at high risk for breast,colorectal,or skin cancer as a result of cancer therapy. In average-risk female survivors,2743 of 3392 (80.9%) reported having a Papanicolaou smear within the recommended period,and 140 of 209 (67.0%) reported mammography within the recommended period. In high-risk survivors,rates of recommended mammography among women were only 241 of 522 (46.2%) and the rates of colonoscopy and complete skin examinations among both sexes were 91 of 794 (11.5%) and 1290 of 4850 (26.6%),respectively. Data were self-reported. Participants in the CCSS are a selected group of survivors,and their adherence may not be representative of all survivors of childhood cancer. Female survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm show reasonable rates of screening for cervical and breast cancer. However,surveillance for new cases of cancer is very low in survivors at the highest risk for colon,breast,or skin cancer,suggesting that survivors and their physicians need education about their risks and recommended surveillance. The National Cancer Institute,National Institutes of Health,and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities."," Ann Intern Med. 2010 Oct 5;153(7):442-51. ","Canada",2010,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Canada",null,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[12,"Bergenmar M,Månsson-Brahme E,Hansson J,Brandberg Y. Surgical resection margins do not influence health related quality of life or emotional distress in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective randomised trial. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2010 Jun;44(3):146-55. Doi: 10.3109/02844311003791136.",null,"Bergenmar M,Månsson-Brahme E,Hansson J,Brandberg Y."," Surgical resection margins do not influence health related quality of life or emotional distress in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective randomised trial.","In a prospective randomised Scandinavian trial,patients with localised invasive cutaneous melanoma of the trunk or extremities with tumours more than 2 mm thick were randomly assigned to excision with narrow (2 cm) or wide (4 cm) margins after primary surgery. The aims of the present study were to find out if there were any differences in health-related quality of life (QoL) and emotional distress between patients in the two arms over time. Patients were assessed at four time points: before randomisation,and at 3,9,and 15 months after inclusion,using the EORTC QLQ-C30,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale. A study-specific questionnaire was used to assess patient-reported problems related to the scar. A total of 144 patients were included; 70 randomised to narrow excision and 74 to wide excision margins. The response rate was >85% at all assessment points. No differences between the two arms were found for health-related QoL or emotional distress. Emotional functioning,insomnia,anxiety,intrusion,and avoidance improved over time (p "," Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2010 Jun;44(3):146-55. Doi: 10.3109/02844311003791136.","Sweden",2010,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS,IES",null,null,null,"Sweden",null,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS,IES","2010:2014"]
[13,"Matthews BA,Rhee JS,Neuburg M,Burzynski ML,Nattinger AB. Development of the facial skin care index: a health-related outcomes index for skin cancer patients. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Jul;32(7):924-34; discussion 934. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32197.x.","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32197.x.","Matthews BA,Rhee JS,Neuburg M,Burzynski ML,Nattinger AB."," Development of the facial skin care index: a health-related outcomes index for skin cancer patients.","Existing health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) tools do not appear to capture patients' specific skin cancer concerns. To describe the conceptual foundation,item generation,reduction process,and reliability testing for the Facial Skin Cancer Index (FSCI),a HRQOL outcomes tool for skin cancer researchers and clinicians. Participants in Phases I to III consisted of adult patients (N=134) diagnosed with biopsy-proven nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer. Data were collected via self-report surveys and clinical records. Seventy-one distinct items were generated in Phase I and rated for their importance by an independent sample during Phase II; 36 items representing six theoretical HRQOL domains were retained. Test-retest I results indicated that four subscales showed adequate reliability coefficients (alpha=0.60 to 0.91). Twenty-six items remained for test-retest II. Results indicated excellent internal consistency for emotional,social,appearance,and modified financial/work subscales (range 0.79 to 0.95); test-retest correlation coefficients were consistent across time (range 0.81 to 0.97; lifestyle omitted). Pretesting afforded the opportunity to select items that optimally met our a priori conceptual and psychometric criteria for high data quality. Phase IV testing (validity and sensitivity before surgery and 4 months after Mohs micrographic surgery) for the 20-item FSCI is under way."," Dermatol Surg. 2006 Jul;32(7):924-34; discussion 934. ","USA",2006,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FSCI",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"FSCI","2005:2009"]
[14,"Costanza ME,Hoople NE,Gaw VP,Stoddard AM. Cancer prevention practices and continuing education needs of primary care physicians. Am J Prev Med. 1993 Mar-Apr;9(2):107-12. ",null,"Costanza ME,Hoople NE,Gaw VP,Stoddard AM."," Cancer prevention practices and continuing education needs of primary care physicians.","We surveyed 1,500 primary care physicians in Massachusetts regarding their current attitudes and practices,as well as their interests and preferences in regard to a continuing education course,in cancer prevention and screening. Thirty-three percent (n = 488) of physicians returned questionnaires,with equal distribution among internists,family practitioners,and gynecologists. Our findings are based on physicians' self-report: 80%-92% of physicians routinely perform or order breast,cervical,skin,prostate,and colon examinations (with the exception of proctoscopy) for asymptomatic patients 50 years of age and older. Perceived barriers reported were as follows: for mammography,patient age older than 75; for sigmoidoscopy,cost; for counseling,lack of educational materials. Ninety-one percent of physicians rated a comprehensive course on cancer detection and prevention emphasizing practical matters and offering opportunity to upgrade clinical skills in physical exam and in counseling as somewhat to very useful. Specific topic preferences varied by specialty,but first preference for all three primary care groups was a course in improving their office management of cancer prevention and screening activities. Most appealing to practitioners was a one-day course leading to accreditation in screening and prevention and to reduction in malpractice premiums."," Am J Prev Med. 1993 Mar-Apr;9(2):107-12. ","USA",1993,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","1960:1999"]
[15,"Kannan S,Mehta D,Ozog D. Scalp Closures With Pulley Sutures Reduce Time and Cost Compared to Traditional Layered Technique-A Prospective,Randomized,Observer-Blinded Study. Dermatol Surg. 2016 Nov;42(11):1248-1255. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000890. ","doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000890. ","Kannan S,Mehta D,Ozog D."," Scalp Closures With Pulley Sutures Reduce Time and Cost Compared to Traditional Layered Technique-A Prospective,Randomized,Observer-Blinded Study.","Reconstruction of postsurgical scalp defects can be difficult and time-consuming using a conventional bilayered technique. A specialized closure using a pulley suture can assist in closing wounds under high tension and can decrease time and cost for the surgeon. To determine if closing scalp defects with a single-layered closure using pulley sutures would result in decreased time but equivalent scar cosmesis compared to bilayered closures. A total of 21 patients with postsurgical scalp defects were randomized to a bilayered or a pulley group,and time was measured for each closure. Scar appearance was assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale at 2 weeks,2 months,and 6 months postsurgery. Before and after photographs were also assessed by a blinded dermatologist using the visual analog scale. Compared to a bilayered closure,the pulley technique resulted in significantly reduced closure time (p < .001). Even though patient overall scores at 2 weeks and observer total score at 6 months were superior in the pulley group,the visual analog scale scores were similar between the 2 groups. Scalp reconstructions using a single layer of pulley sutures result in time and cost reduction and similar scar appearance compared to bilayered closures."," Dermatol Surg. 2016 Nov;42(11):1248-1255. ","USA",2016,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"Patient/ Observer SAS",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,null,"Patient/ Observer SAS","2015:2017"]
[16,"Grandi V,Baldi I,Cappugi P,Mori M,Pimpinelli N. Indole 3-acetic acid-photodynamic therapy in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses: A proof of concept pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 Dec;16():17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 23. ","doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 23. ","Grandi V,Baldi I,Cappugi P,Mori M,Pimpinelli N."," Indole 3-acetic acid-photodynamic therapy in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses: A proof of concept pilot study.","Actinic Keratoses (AK) are considered a form of in situ Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) arising on chronically photoexposed skin. PDT with ALA or MAL is an effective treatment for multiple AK due its high Overall Response Ratio (ORR) but is burdened by important drawbacks: time-consumption,pain and high costs. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) is a newly described photosensitizer with proven clinical efficacy on seborrheic dermatitis and acne vulgaris. The aim of the study was to assess efficacy,safety and tolerability of a cycle of IAA-PDT at 0.015% in liposomal gel in the treatment of multiple AK of face or scalp. We treated 12 patients affected by multiple AK on face/scalp with 4 weekly applications. The product was applied for 15min under occlusion; medicated area was then irradiated for 15min with a LED light at 520nm wavelength for a total fluency of 9J/cm2. No grade 3/4 SAE have been reported; all 12 patients successfully completed the cycle. CR at 3 months follow-up was 25%,with an ORR of 50%. Patients reported almost no pain during irradiations,with mean overall Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) score of 0.3±0.7. IAA-PDT led to a significant improve on Disease Life Quality Index (DLQI) mean score,but no variations on Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life (AKQoL) mean score. Although larger studies are needed,this is a first \"proof of concept\" of IAA- PDT as a possible treatment for multiple AK on face/scalp."," Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 Dec;16():17-22. ","Italy",2016,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"AKQoL,DLQI,VAS",null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,null,"AKQoL,DLQI,VAS","2015:2017"]
[17,"Campana LG,Testori A,Curatolo P,Quaglino P,Mocellin S,Framarini M,Borgognoni L,Ascierto PA,Mozzillo N,Guida M,Bucher S,Rotunno R,Marenco F,De Salvo GL,De Paoli A,Rossi CR,Bonadies A. Treatment efficacy with electrochemotherapy: A multi-institutional prospective observational study on 376 patients with superficial tumors. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Dec;42(12):1914-1923. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.399. Epub 2016 Jun 29.","doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.399. Epub 2016 Jun 29.","Campana LG,Testori A,Curatolo P,Quaglino P,Mocellin S,Framarini M,Borgognoni L,Ascierto PA,Mozzillo N,Guida M,Bucher S,Rotunno R,Marenco F,De Salvo GL,De Paoli A,Rossi CR,Bonadies A."," Treatment efficacy with electrochemotherapy: A multi-institutional prospective observational study on 376 patients with superficial tumors.","Cutaneous metastases represent a therapeutic challenge. An increasing body of experience suggests that electrochemotherapy (ECT) provides effective tumor control,although its evidence basis should be strengthened. This prospective,multicenter,observational study enrolled patients with superficial metastases,who underwent ECT at 10 centers between 2008 and 2013. Outcomes included adherence to European Standard Operating Procedures of ECT (ESOPE),tumor response,local progression-free survival (LPFS),toxicity and patient-reported outcomes (PROs,EORTC QLQ-C30 plus an 8-item questionnaire). We enrolled 376 eligible patients. Tumor histotype distribution was as follows: melanoma,56%; squamous cell carcinoma,11%; Kaposi sarcoma,11%; breast carcinoma,8%; basal cell carcinoma,6%; soft tissue sarcomas,3%; others,5%. We registered 1304 target tumors (median size 1 cm). Treatment adhered to ESOPE in 88% of patients as to the route of drug administration,and in 70% as to electrode application. The procedure was mainly performed under sedation (64.6%) and by using intravenous chemotherapy (93.4%). Tumor response rate at 60 days was 88% (complete,50%). Small tumor size predicted complete response achievement (OR 2.24,p = 0.003),higher LPFS (HR 0.68,p = 0.004) and improved PROs (Global Health Status,p < 0.001; wound bleeding,p < 0.001; healing,p = 0.002; and aesthetics,p < 0.001). Skin toxicity (grade ≥3,7.8%) was lower in patients with tumors <2 cm (p≤0.001). One-year LPFS was 73.7% (95%CI 68.4-78.3). ECT represents a valuable skin-directed therapy across a range of malignancies. The most frequently applied treatment modality is intravenous chemotherapy under sedation. Small tumor size predicts durable tumor control,fewer side-effects and better PROs.\n"," Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Dec;42(12):1914-1923. ","Italy",2016,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Electrochemotherapy",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,Global Health Status",null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Electrochemotherapy",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,Global Health Status","2015:2017"]
[18,"Dessy LA,Marcasciano M,Fanelli B,Mazzocchi M,Ribuffo D. Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly patients using dermal substitute. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Dec;136(12):1299-1303. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1205221. Epub 2016 Jul 7. ","doi: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1205221. Epub 2016 Jul 7. ","Dessy LA,Marcasciano M,Fanelli B,Mazzocchi M,Ribuffo D."," Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly patients using dermal substitute.","The nose is often involved by non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the increase in the incidence of such tumors,the morbidity and treatment-related costs represent a significant burden to healthcare systems. A bioresorbable dermal substitute (Hyalomatrix(®)) has been used for immediate dermal coverage and nose restoration after excision of infiltrating nasal NMSCs in elderly ASA III patients. Further studies on dermal substitutes are needed to improve benefit to patients. Surgical treatment of nasal non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in elderly patients. Ten elderly ASA III patients with nasal defects after resection of infiltrating NMSC were reconstructed in a two-stage strategy. The surgical protocol targeted an initial wide tumor excision and apposition of a dermal induction template (Hyalomatrix(®)) and successive full thickness skin autograft. Results were documented by photography,visual analog scale for patient satisfaction,and Vancouver scar scale for evaluation of final graft characteristics. All patients were tumor-free during the 2 years follow-up. The procedure achieved acceptable nose reshaping and graft scarring evolution. Patient satisfaction was good-to-high."," Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Dec;136(12):1299-1303. ","Italy",2016,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"VSS,VAS",null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,null,"VSS,VAS","2015:2017"]
[19,"Watanabe K,Shimo A,Tsugawa K,Tokuda Y,Yamauchi H,Miyai E,Takemura K,Ikoma A,Nakamura S. Safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (GK567): a multicenter,open-label,phase III study (RDT.07.SRE.27013). Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jun;24(6):2583-90. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-3067-0. Epub 2015 Dec 30. ","doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-3067-0. Epub 2015 Dec 30. ","Watanabe K,Shimo A,Tsugawa K,Tokuda Y,Yamauchi H,Miyai E,Takemura K,Ikoma A,Nakamura S."," Safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (GK567): a multicenter,open-label,phase III study (RDT.07.SRE.27013).","Malignant fungating tumors are neoplastic tumors associated with skin ulcers,which are susceptible to microbial colonization. Bacterial infection and proliferation may lead to malodor causing distress to patients. Metronidazole-an effective agent against anaerobes-may contribute to deodorization and improvement in quality of life (QOL). This study investigated the efficacy and safety of topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel for alleviation of malodor in anaerobically infected fungating neoplastic tumors. This was a multicenter,open-label,non-controlled,phase III study including subjects aged 20 years or older with cutaneous fungating tumors releasing malodor (minimum score of 2 (mildly offensive smell) on a scale from 0 (no smell) to 4 (extremely offensive smell) based on investigator's assessment). Subjects applied metronidazole 0.75 % gel once or twice daily at the investigator's discretion for 14 days. Success was defined as an odor score of 0 or 1 at day 14,as assessed by the investigator. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a satisfaction questionnaire. Adverse events (AEs) that occurred after application of metronidazole 0.75 % gel were also reported. A total of 21 subjects at a median age of 65.0 years were enrolled. The success rate of deodorization at day 14 was 95.2 % (20/21 subjects). The patient satisfaction assessment showed that 71.4 % (15/21) of subjects were markedly or moderately improved. The treatment was well tolerated with only two AE cases of skin neoplasm bleeding (one mild and one moderate). Metronidazole 0.75 % gel is an effective and safe treatment for deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors."," Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jun;24(6):2583-90. ","Japan",2016,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Japan",null,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,null,"Unknown","2015:2017"]
[20,"Hoorens I,Vossaert K,Pil L,Boone B,De Schepper S,Ongenae K,Annemans L,Chevolet I,Brochez L. Total-Body Examination vs Lesion-Directed Skin Cancer Screening. JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan;152(1):27-34. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2680.","doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2680.","Hoorens I,Vossaert K,Pil L,Boone B,De Schepper S,Ongenae K,Annemans L,Chevolet I,Brochez L."," Total-Body Examination vs Lesion-Directed Skin Cancer Screening.","Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer type. It remains unknown if and how screening programs can be organized in a cost-effective manner. To compare the 2 screening strategies of systematic total-body examination (TBE) and lesion-directed screening (LDS),with a focus on the participation rate,detection rate,anxiety,and cost. Population-based cross-sectional screenings by a team of 6 dermatologists were organized in 2 sociodemographically similar regions. The TBE was organized in a community of 9325 inhabitants 18 years and older (Wichelen,East Flanders,Belgium) during a 5-day screening (March 14-18,2014). The LDS was organized in a sociodemographically comparable community (Nevele,East Flanders,Belgium) of 9484 adult inhabitants during a 4-day screening (April 22 and 25-27,2014). The first population received a personal invitation for a standard TBE. In the second population,individuals were invited for an LDS if they had a lesion meeting 1 or more of the following criteria: ABCD rule (A,asymmetry; B,borders; C,colors; and D,differential structures),ugly duckling sign,new lesion lasting longer than 4 weeks,or red nonhealing lesions. In total,1982 individuals were screened,and 47 skin cancers (2.4%) were histologically confirmed,including 9 melanomas (0.5%),37 basal cell carcinomas (1.9%),and 1 squamous cell carcinoma or Bowen disease (0.1%). The positive predictive value for all suspicious lesions was 56.6% (47 of 83). The participation rate was 17.9% (1668 of 9325) in the TBE group vs 3.3% (314 of 9484) in the LDS group (P < .01). The skin cancer detection rate per 100 participants did not differ significantly between the 2 groups,with rates of 2.3% (39 of 1668) in the TBE group vs 3.2% (8 of 248) in the LDS group (P = .40). The operational effectiveness per 100 invitees was 0.4% (39 of 9325) in the TBE group vs 0.1% (8 of 9484) in the LDS group (P < .01). In addition,LDS was 5.6 times less time consuming than TBE. Participants in the LDS group had significantly higher baseline anxiety levels compared with participants in the TBE group (3.7 vs 3.3 points on a visual analog scale,P < .01). In screenees without a suspicious lesion,anxiety levels significantly dropped after screening. Total-body examination yielded a higher absolute number of skin cancers. Lesion-directed screening had a similar detection rate of 3.2% (8 of 248) but was 5.6 times less time consuming. When performed by dermatologists,LDS is an acceptable alternative screening method in health care systems with limited budgets or long waiting lists."," JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan;152(1):27-34. ","Belgium",2016,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Belgium",null,"Melanoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2015:2017"]
[21,"Mathias SD,Chren MM,Crosby RD,Colwell HH,Yim YM,Reyes C,Chen DM,Fosko SW. Reliability and validity of the Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Index (aBCCdex). Br J Dermatol. 2015 Sep;173(3):713-9. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13877. Epub 2015 Jun 11.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.13877. Epub 2015 Jun 11.","Mathias SD,Chren MM,Crosby RD,Colwell HH,Yim YM,Reyes C,Chen DM,Fosko SW."," Reliability and validity of the Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Index (aBCCdex).","Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires were recently developed specifically for use with patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) and basal cell carcinoma naevus syndrome (BCCNS). To evaluate the measurement properties of PRO questionnaires for use in patients with aBCC or BCCNS. In total 129 patients from 10 clinical sites in the U.S.A. and the BCCNS Support Network completed the two newly developed questionnaires multiple times over 3 months. Patients also completed the Skindex-16 and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey as collateral measures. Psychometric properties of the questionnaires were evaluated,including internal consistency and test-retest reliability,construct and known-groups validity,and responsiveness. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and clinical input,the two newly developed questionnaires were combined into a single questionnaire,called the aBCCdex,which is relevant for patients with both aBCC and BCCNS. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable,and all aBCCdex scale scores correlated significantly with conceptually similar scales. When divided into groups that differed based on scores from collateral measures,aBCCdex scale scores differentiated between groups (known-groups validity) and were responsive to change. The aBCCdex is a brief and comprehensive questionnaire appropriate for use with patients with aBCC and BCCNS. Its reliability and validity have been confirmed. Further research is necessary to estimate the minimally important difference in a larger patient population."," Br J Dermatol. 2015 Sep;173(3):713-9. ","USA",2015,"Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"aBCCdex,SF-12,Skindex-16/17/29",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,null,"aBCCdex,SF-12,Skindex-16/17/29","2015:2017"]
[22,"Waalboer-Spuij R,Holterhues C,van Hattem S,Schuttelaar ML,Gaastra MT,Kuijpers DI,Hollestein LM,Nijsten TE. Patient Perception of Imiquimod Treatment for Actinic Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in 202 Patients. Dermatology. 2015;231(1):56-62. doi: 10.1159/000381420. Epub 2015 Apr 22. ","doi: 10.1159/000381420. Epub 2015 Apr 22. ","Waalboer-Spuij R,Holterhues C,van Hattem S,Schuttelaar ML,Gaastra MT,Kuijpers DI,Hollestein LM,Nijsten TE."," Patient Perception of Imiquimod Treatment for Actinic Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in 202 Patients.","To document the impact on patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of treatment with imiquimod cream in patients with actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC). This open-label,multicenter study included AK and sBCC patients eligible for treatment with imiquimod 5% cream. HRQoL was measured by the Skindex-17 and the Skin Cancer Index (SCI) and treatment satisfaction by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. 118 AK patients and 84 patients with sBCC were included. Low baseline HRQoL impairment was found on both questionnaires,which remained low after treatment,except for a small dip at the end of the application period. Imiquimod 5% cream treatment has no clinically relevant HRQoL impact in AK and sBCC patients according to the Skindex-17 and SCI. The effect of imiquimod treatment on HRQoL may be limited or these questionnaires do not fully capture relevant issues,such as fear of recurrence."," Dermatology. 2015;231(1):56-62. ","Netherlands",2015,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Imiquimod",null,"SCI,Skindex-16/17/29,TSQM",null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","Imiquimod",null,null,"SCI,Skindex-16/17/29,TSQM","2015:2017"]
[23,"Dengel LT,Petroni GR,Judge J,Chen D,Acton ST,Schroen AT,Slingluff CL Jr. Total body photography for skin cancer screening. Int J Dermatol. 2015 Nov;54(11):1250-4. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12593. Epub 2014 Dec 16. ","doi: 10.1111/ijd.12593. Epub 2014 Dec 16. ","Dengel LT,Petroni GR,Judge J,Chen D,Acton ST,Schroen AT,Slingluff CL Jr."," Total body photography for skin cancer screening.","Total body photography may aid in melanoma screening but is not widely applied due to time and cost. We hypothesized that a near-simultaneous automated skin photo-acquisition system would be acceptable to patients and could rapidly obtain total body images that enable visualization of pigmented skin lesions. From February to May 2009,a study of 20 volunteers was performed at the University of Virginia to test a prototype 16-camera imaging booth built by the research team and to guide development of special purpose software. For each participant,images were obtained before and after marking 10 lesions (five \"easy\" and five \"difficult\"),and images were evaluated to estimate visualization rates. Imaging logistical challenges were scored by the operator,and participant opinion was assessed by questionnaire. Average time for image capture was three minutes (range 2-5). All 55 \"easy\" lesions were visualized (sensitivity 100%,90% CI 95-100%),and 54/55 \"difficult\" lesions were visualized (sensitivity 98%,90% CI 92-100%). Operators and patients graded the imaging process favorably,with challenges identified regarding lighting and positioning. Rapid-acquisition automated skin photography is feasible with a low-cost system,with excellent lesion visualization and participant acceptance. These data provide a basis for employing this method in clinical melanoma screening."," Int J Dermatol. 2015 Nov;54(11):1250-4. ","USA",2015,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2015:2017"]
[24,"Wu H,Reeves KW,Qian J,Sturgeon SR. Coffee,tea,and melanoma risk among postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015 Jul;24(4):347-52. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000093. ","doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000093. ","Wu H,Reeves KW,Qian J,Sturgeon SR."," Coffee,tea,and melanoma risk among postmenopausal women.","Laboratory research suggests that components in coffee and tea may have anticarcinogenic effects. Some epidemiologic studies have reported that women who consume coffee and tea have a lower risk for melanoma. We assessed coffee,tea,and melanoma risk prospectively in the Women's Health Initiative - Observational Study cohort of 66,484 postmenopausal women,followed for an average of 7.7 years. Coffee and tea intakes were measured through self-administered questionnaires at baseline and at year 3 of follow-up. Self-reported incident melanomas were adjudicated using medical records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk,adjusting for covariates,with person-time accumulation until melanoma diagnosis (n=398),death,loss to follow-up,or through 2005. Daily coffee [hazard ratio (HR)=0.87,95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.12] and tea (HR=1.03,95% CI 0.81-1.31) intakes were not significantly associated with melanoma risk compared with nondaily intake of each beverage. No significant trends were observed between melanoma risk and increasing intakes of coffee (P for trend=0.38) or tea (P for trend=0.22). Women who reported daily coffee intake at both baseline and year 3 had a significantly decreased risk compared with women who reported nondaily intake at both time points (HR=0.68,95% CI 0.48-0.97). Consistent daily tea intake was not associated with decreased melanoma risk. Overall,there is no strong evidence that increasing coffee or tea consumption can lead to a lower melanoma risk. We observed a decrease in melanoma risk among long-term coffee drinkers,but the lack of consistency in the results by dose and type cautioned against overinterpretation of the results."," Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015 Jul;24(4):347-52. ","USA",2015,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"Unknown","2015:2017"]
[25,"He SY,McCulloch CE,Boscardin WJ,Chren MM,Linos E,Arron ST. Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct;71(4):731-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023. Epub 2014 Jun 11. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023. Epub 2014 Jun 11. ","He SY,McCulloch CE,Boscardin WJ,Chren MM,Linos E,Arron ST."," Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population.","Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSPT) is the most common method used to assess sunburn risk and is an independent predictor of skin cancer risk. Because of a conventional assumption that FSPT is predictable based on pigmentary phenotypes,physicians frequently estimate FSPT based on patient appearance. We sought to determine the degree to which self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are predictive of FSPT in a large,ethnically diverse population. A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 3386 individuals regarding self-reported FSPT,pigmentary phenotypes,race,age,and sex. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine variables that significantly predict FSPT. Race,sex,skin color,eye color,and hair color are significant but weak independent predictors of FSPT (P<.0001). A multivariate model constructed using all independent predictors of FSPT only accurately predicted FSPT to within 1 point on the Fitzpatrick scale with 92% accuracy (weighted kappa statistic 0.53). Our study enriched for responses from ethnic minorities and does not fully represent the demographics of the US population. Patient self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are inaccurate predictors of sun sensitivity as defined by FSPT. There are limitations to using patient-reported race and appearance in predicting individual sunburn risk."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct;71(4):731-7. ","USA",2014,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[26,"de Troya-Martín M,Rivas-Ruiz F,Blázquez-Sánchez N,Fernández-Canedo I,Aguilar-Bernier M,Repiso-Jiménez JB,Toribio-Montero JC,Jones-Caballero M,Rhee J. A Spanish version of the Skin Cancer Index: a questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jan;172(1):160-8. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13173. Epub 2014 Dec 25.","doi: 10.1111/bjd.13173. Epub 2014 Dec 25.","de Troya-Martín M,Rivas-Ruiz F,Blázquez-Sánchez N,Fernández-Canedo I,Aguilar-Bernier M,Repiso-Jiménez JB,Toribio-Montero JC,Jones-Caballero M,Rhee J."," A Spanish version of the Skin Cancer Index: a questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer.","The Skin Cancer Index (SCI) is the first specific patient-reported outcome measure for patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. To date,only the original English version has been published. To develop a Spanish version of the SCI that is semantically and linguistically equivalent to the original,and to evaluate its measurement properties in this different cultural environment. A cross-sectional study was conducted of the cultural adaptation and empirical validation of the questionnaire,analysing the psychometric properties of the new index at different stages. Of 440 patients recruited to the study,431 (95%) completed the Spanish version of the SCI questionnaire,in a mean time of 6·3 min (SD 2·9). Factor analysis of the scale revealed commonality and loading values of < 0·5 for three of the 15 items. The remaining 12 items converged into two components: appearance/social aspects (seven items) and emotional aspects (five items). Both domains presented a high level of internal consistency,with Cronbach's alpha values above 0·8. The convergent-discriminant validity analysis produced correlations higher than 0·3 for the mental component of the Short Form Health Survey-12v2 Health Questionnaire (correlation coefficient 0·39) and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (correlation coefficient -0·30). In the test-retest,nine of the 12 items produced a weighted kappa value exceeding 0·4,and for the remaining three items,the absolute agreement percentage exceeded 60%. The Spanish version of the SCI quality of life scale has been satisfactorily adapted and validated for use in Spanish-speaking countries and populations."," Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jan;172(1):160-8. ","Spain",2015,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,SF-12,SCI",null,null,null,"Spain",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"DLQI,SF-12,SCI","2015:2017"]
[27,"Sampogna F,Tabolli S,Abeni D. Impact of different skin conditions on quality of life. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):255-61.",null,"Sampogna F,Tabolli S,Abeni D."," Impact of different skin conditions on quality of life.","Many skin conditions may have a strong impact on quality of life. The impact depends on several factors and in particular on the nature of the disease itself. The aim of the study was to describe the burden of several dermatological conditions on patients and to compare them. Dermatological patients were recruited consecutively during the normal outpatient clinics of a large reference hospital. Quality of life data were collected using the Skindex-29. A short form of the questionnaire,the Skindex-17,was derived in order to simplify the presentation of results. The Skindex-17 has two subscales: symptoms and psychosocial. Data were complete for 2478 patients and 2402 patients for the symptomatic and the psychosocial scale of Skindex-17,respectively. The different skin conditions were grouped into 32 categories. Three disease patterns could be recognized,according to quality of life impairment: 1) low symptomatic impairment and low psychosocial impairment: mild conditions such as nevi and benign skin neoplasms,but also melanoma; 2) low symptomatic impairment and high psychosocial impairment: diseases such as alopecia,hirsutism,vitiligo; 3) high symptomatic impairment and high psychosocial impairment: for example,psoriasis,pemphigus,lichen. Specialty-specific quality of life questionnaires,such as the Skindex-29 or the Skindex-17,allow to evaluate differences among conditions. Such observations could be used by health policy makers,to show,for example,that some conditions affecting the appearance,even though not clinically severe,may have a strong impact on psychosocial life."," G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):255-61.","Italy",2013,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"Skindex-16/17/29",null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"Skindex-16/17/29","2010:2014"]
[28,"Waalboer-Spuij R,Nijsten TE. A review on quality of life in keratinocyte carcinoma patients. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):249-54. ",null,"Waalboer-Spuij R,Nijsten TE."," A review on quality of life in keratinocyte carcinoma patients.","Health-related quality of life issues in patients with cutaneous malignancies is being re-explored. This is motivated by the heavy burden they put on dermatological care,it is more and more considered a chronic disease and new non-invasive therapies are being introduced. The purpose of this review is to identify the relevant quality of life (QOL) issues and to summarize the instruments used for investigating QOL in keratinocyte carcinoma patients. With a systematic literature search in Embase,MEDLINE OvidSP,PubMed publisher and Cochrane Central,10 questionnaires and 4 studies reporting on quality of life issues were identified. Generic (UK Sickness Impact profile [UKSIP],Short Form 36-item Health Survey [SF-36],Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]) and dermatology specific (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] and Skindex-29,-16,-17) instruments demonstrated little to no QOL impairment. This may be explained by failing to capture the relevant domains such as \"emotions\",\"appearance\" and \"anxiety\". Skin cancer specific questionnaires (Skin Cancer Index [SCI],Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool [SCQOLIT] and Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life [AKQoL]) demonstrated good validity and responsiveness and represent the effect on QOL properly. However,there are some points of critique to these questionnaires. Optimal management of patients with actinic neoplasia syndrome and the selection and evaluation of therapies may benefit from the use of PROs in this ever increasing population."," G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;148(3):249-54. ","Netherlands",2013,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"AKQoL,DLQI,FACT-G,SF-36,SCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29,UKSIP",null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"AKQoL,DLQI,FACT-G,SF-36,SCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29,UKSIP","2010:2014"]
[29,"Zarrin R,Ibiebele TI,Marks GC. Development and validity assessment of a diet quality index for Australians. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(2):177-87. ",null,"Zarrin R,Ibiebele TI,Marks GC."," Development and validity assessment of a diet quality index for Australians.","Existing Australian diet quality indices have assumed links to health outcomes but their validity for this has not been reported. We extend the features of existing indices for Australian adults by constructing a new diet quality index (Aussie-DQI) using the national dietary guidelines linked to the Australia National Health Priority Areas. Construct validity was assessed using 24 hour dietary recalls from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (n=10,851 adults aged 19 years and older). Construct and criterion validity were assessed using food frequency questionnaire data from the Nambour Skin Cancer study (n=1355),a community-based longitudinal study with 16 year follow-up and cause-specific mortality outcomes. Generalised linear regression was used to assess associations between Aussie-DQI scores and socio-economic,demographic,health-behaviour characteristics,and food and nutrient intakes,while Cox proportional-hazards modeling was used to assess associations with cancer and allcause mortality. A high Aussie-DQI score was associated with being female,being older,non-smoking status,and BMI in the normal range in both study populations; and Aussie-DQI scores were inversely associated with cancer mortality among men in multivariable-adjusted analyses (hazard ratio = 0.30,95% CI: 0.11,0.83; p for trends = 0.06). In conclusion,Aussie-DQI successfully discriminated diet quality and showed that men,younger adults,current smokers and those overweight/obese were less likely to consume foods that meet dietary recommendations; and that a high diet quality is associated with decreased risk of cancer mortality among men. This study adds further evidence to clarify the role of diet quality in decreasing mortality from chronic diseases."," Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(2):177-87. ","Australia",2013,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Aussie-DQI",null,null,null,"Australia",null,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"Aussie-DQI","2010:2014"]
[30,"Brandberg Y,Johansson H,Aamdal S,Bastholt L,Hernberg M,Stierner U,von der Maase H,Hansson J,Nordic Melanoma Cooperative Group. Role functioning before start of adjuvant treatment was an independent prognostic factor for survival and time to failure.  A report from the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial for patients with high-risk melanoma.Acta Oncol. 2013 Aug;52(6):1086-93. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.789140. Epub 2013 Apr 28.","doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.789140. Epub 2013 Apr 28.","Brandberg Y,Johansson H,Aamdal S,Bastholt L,Hernberg M,Stierner U,von der Maase H,Hansson J,Nordic Melanoma Cooperative Group."," Role functioning before start of adjuvant treatment was an independent prognostic factor for survival and time to failure.  A report from the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial for patients with high-risk melanoma.","To investigate the role of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at randomization as independent prognostic factors for survival and time to failure,and to explore associations between HRQoL and treatment effects. In the Nordic adjuvant interferon trial,a randomized trial evaluating if adjuvant therapy with intermediate-dose IFN had the same beneficial effects on overall and disease-free survival in high-risk melanoma as high-dose IFN,855 patients in Denmark,Finland,Norway,and Sweden were included. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL before randomization. A total of 785 (92%) agreed to participate in the HRQoL-study and provided baseline HRQoL data. Prognostic variables included in the multivariate model were age,sex,performance status,tumor thickness,stage,and number of positive lymph nodes. Univariate analyses revealed an association between prolonged survival and age,stage/ number of metastatic lymph nodes and the HRQoL variable role functioning (p ≤ 0.01). After controlling for other prognostic factors,these variables remained independently statistically significant for survival. The univariate analyses of time to failure showed significant associations with the clinical variable stage/nodes and with the HRQoL variables physical functioning and role functioning. Adjusted multivariate analyses including the same clinical conditions as above showed statistically significant relationships between time to failure and global quality of life,physical functioning,role functioning,social functioning and fatigue (p ≤ 0.01). No interactions between HRQoL variables and treatment were found,with the exception for cognitive functioning. Role functioning was found to be an independent prognostic factor for time to failure and survival in patients with high-risk melanoma. Thus,also in this early stage of melanoma,HRQoL variables might be useful as important prognostic factors for time to failure and overall survival.","Acta Oncol. 2013 Aug;52(6):1086-93. ","Sweden,Denmark,Norway,Finland",2013,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,"Sweden,Denmark,Norway,Finland",null,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36","2010:2014"]
[31,"Shokrollahi K,Javed M,Aeuyung K,Ghattaura A,Whitaker IS,O'Leary B,James W,Murison M. Combined carbon dioxide laser with photodynamic therapy for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Nov;73(5):552-8. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182773ed2. ","doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182773ed2. ","Shokrollahi K,Javed M,Aeuyung K,Ghattaura A,Whitaker IS,O'Leary B,James W,Murison M."," Combined carbon dioxide laser with photodynamic therapy for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are often seen by general practitioners,plastic surgeons,and dermatologists in the outpatient setting. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CO2 laser when used as monotherapy have been successfully used to treat small BCC,with greatest success in the superficial histological subtype but have limitations compared to surgical excision due to a limited depth of penetration of PDT (2 mm absorption) limiting efficacy. We describe our experience of dual-modality treatment improving efficacy,cosmetic outcomes,and minimizing recurrence. One hundred ten patients with a total of 177 lesions mainly on the head and neck were treated with combined therapy using an UltraPulse CO2 laser and PDT using methyl aminolevulinate (METVIX) at the same sitting,with repeat PDT 1 week later. We evaluated recurrences,cosmetic outcomes,patient satisfaction,and costs. The mean age of patients was 67 years. The mean follow-up period was 32.2 months,with a range of 7.7 to 68.5 months. Eighty six lesions were followed up for more than 3 years. A total of 177 lesions were diagnosed and treated. Only biopsy-proven BCCs were included in this study. Histologically,34 (19.2%) were superficial subtype,50 (28.2%) nodular,9 (5.08%) infiltrative,7 (3.95%) morpheic,3 (1.69%) mixed,and in 74 (41.8%) diagnosis was simply BCC. All lesions responded to treatment as assessed by clinical evaluation with regular follow-up. The total recurrence-free rate was 97.1%. In 88.1% lesions,a single cycle of treatment was required; 9.03% had 2 cycles and 0.56% underwent 3 cycles. In 3 of the patients,no data were available. Recurrences were noted in 5 (2.82%) cases. All recurrences were treated successfully,all but one using repeat laser-PDT. One patient underwent surgical excision. No significant complications were encountered,although mild hypopigmentation was occasionally seen and some discomfort is experienced with PDT. Combined CO2 laser and PDT have equivalent cure rates to surgery for BCCs--notably of the nodular subtype--these modalities acting synergistically. This strategy provides cure often with scarless outcomes as illustrated. Laser with PDT is most appropriate for patients who value excellent cosmetic outcomes and where avoidance of an invasive procedure is an important factor. In addition,this modality comes into its own for specific groups of patients,such as those on Warfarin or those with diffuse or multiple lesions."," Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Nov;73(5):552-8. ","UK",2014,"Basal cell carcinoma","Laser therapy,Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Laser therapy,Photodynamic therapy",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[32,"Bates AS,Davis CR,Takwale A,Knepil GJ. Patient-reported outcome measures in nonmelanoma skin cancer of the face: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jun;168(6):1187-94. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12269. ","doi: 10.1111/bjd.12269. ","Bates AS,Davis CR,Takwale A,Knepil GJ."," Patient-reported outcome measures in nonmelanoma skin cancer of the face: a systematic review.","Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in the western world,with an incidence of 98,000 in the U.K. Since 2009 the Department of Health (DoH) has collected patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) data following four common surgical procedures. However,a DoH PROM for NMSC does not exist. A systematic review of questionnaires published on patient concerns due to NMSC of the face was conducted. Keywords relevant to PROMs,NMSC and the facial region were comprehensively searched in medical databases. Inclusion criteria stipulated that questionnaires from relevant papers recruited patients with NMSC for both the item formulation and subsequent validation. Questionnaires were then discussed by a multispecialty skin cancer research team. Initially 2548 papers were found; after exclusion criteria were applied,73 articles were retrieved. Four patient questionnaires for NMSC featured adequate development and validation according to the inclusion criteria. The Facial Skin Cancer Index (FSCI) was the only PROM specific to facial NMSC. Additional questionnaires identified included the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool,Skindex,and Dermatology Life Quality Index. There is a scarcity of data relating to NMSC PROMs and appearance concerns. Only one questionnaire--the FSCI--was specific to patients with facial NMSC. We recommend nationally standardized data collection from patients with NMSC in order to create an evidence-based validated PROM for patients with facial skin cancer."," Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jun;168(6):1187-94. ","International",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,FSCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29",null,null,null,"International",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"DLQI,FSCI,SCQOLIT,Skindex-16/17/29","2010:2014"]
[33,"Lee EH,Klassen AF,Nehal KS,Cano SJ,Waters J,Pusic AL. A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the dermatologic population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Aug;69(2):e59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 24. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 24. ","Lee EH,Klassen AF,Nehal KS,Cano SJ,Waters J,Pusic AL."," A systematic review of patient-reported outcome instruments of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the dermatologic population.","Treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has traditionally focused on minimizing recurrence and complication rates. However,the assessment of patient satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) is also important. These outcomes are best assessed by patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments. We sought to conduct a systematic review of published PRO instruments purporting to measure aspects associated with QOL and/or patient satisfaction in the dermatologic BCC/SCC population and evaluate their development,content,and psychometric properties. PubMed,Embase,Cochrane via Wiley,PsycINFO,CINAHL,and HaPI from inception to April 2011 were searched. Articles that discussed the instrument development and validation process were included. A total of 2212 articles were identified. Twenty met our inclusion criteria resulting in 6 PRO instruments: 3 general dermatology (Skindex,Dermatology Life Quality Index,dermatology quality of life scales),1 general plastic surgery (Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck),and 2 skin cancer-specific (Skin Cancer Index,disease-specific questionnaire). The 6 instruments all underwent some degree of formal development and validation,however,only the Skin Cancer Index was developed and validated in the BCC/SCC population. The review may not have included all relevant PRO instruments. The Skin Cancer Index demonstrates the most evidence of its usefulness in patients with BCC/SCC. The Skindex-16,Dermatology QOL Scales,and Dermatology Life Quality Index target different aspects of QOL and should be used depending on the specific question being investigated. The Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck may be beneficial to assess perceptions in appearance before and after surgical intervention."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Aug;69(2):e59-67. ","International",2013,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,DQoLS,POS-HN,SCI,Skindex-16/17/29",null,null,null,"International",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"DLQI,DQoLS,POS-HN,SCI,Skindex-16/17/29","2010:2014"]
[34,"Tinelli M,Ozolins M,Bath-Hextall F,Williams HC. What determines patient preferences for treating low risk basal cell carcinoma when comparing surgery vs imiquimod? A discrete choice experiment survey from the SINS trial. BMC Dermatol. 2012 Oct 4;12():19. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-19. Epub 2012 Oct 4. ","doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-19. Epub 2012 Oct 4. ","Tinelli M,Ozolins M,Bath-Hextall F,Williams HC."," What determines patient preferences for treating low risk basal cell carcinoma when comparing surgery vs imiquimod? A discrete choice experiment survey from the SINS trial.","The SINS trial (Controlled Clinical Trials ISRCTN48755084; Eudract No. 2004-004506-24) is a randomised controlled trial evaluating long term success of excisional surgery vs. imiquimod 5% cream for low risk nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The trial included a discrete choice experiment questionnaire to explore patient preferences of a cream versus surgery for the treatment of their skin cancer. The self-completed questionnaire was administered at baseline to 183 participants,measuring patients' strength of preferences when choosing either alternative 'surgery' or 'imiquimod cream' instead of a fixed 'current situation' option (of surgical excision as standard practice in UK). The treatments were described according to: cost,chance of complete clearance,side effects and appearance. Participants had to choose between various scenarios. Analysis was performed using a mixed logit model,which took into account the impact of previous BCC treatment and sample preference variability. The analysis showed that respondents preferred 'imiquimod cream' to their 'current situation' or 'surgery',regardless of previous experience of BCC symptoms and treatment. Respondents were more likely to be worried about their cosmetic outcomes and side effects they might experience over and above their chance of clearance and cost. Those with no experience of surgery (compared with experience) valued more the choice of 'imiquimod cream' (£1013 vs £781). All treatment characteristics were significant determinants of treatment choice,and there was significant variability in the population preferences for all of them. Patients with BCC valued more 'imiquimod cream' than alternative 'surgery' options,and all treatment characteristics were important for their choice of care. Understanding how people with a BCC value alternative interventions may better inform the development of health care interventions."," BMC Dermatol. 2012 Oct 4;12():19. ","UK",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[35,"Chaudhary S, Dayal S. Radiofrequency ablation: a safe and economical modality in treatment of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Dermatol Online J. 2012 Aug 15;18(8):7. doi: . Epub 2012 Aug 15.","doi: . Epub 2012 Aug 15.","Chaudhary S, Dayal S."," Radiofrequency ablation: a safe and economical modality in treatment of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome.","Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is an uncommon disease. Patients have a predisposition to develop cutaneous adnexal neoplasms such as cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, spiradenomas, trichoblastomas, basal cell carcinomas, follicular cysts, and organoid nevi. Malignant transformation of preexisting tumors also occurs in these individuals. Various techniques have been used for the treatment of trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas including excision, electrocautery, carbon dioxide laser ablation, cryosurgery, and radiotherapy. In our case, cylindromas were ablated by radiofrequency in multiple sittings. Trichoepitheliomas were ablated using coagulation mode with power # 3 to 3.5. Cosmetically acceptable results were obtained in 100 percent of the cylindromas and 70 percent of the trichoepitheliomas (Visual Analog Scale). The radiofrequency ablation technique under different modes can be used in both large tumors as well as smaller ones, especially in developing countries because it is very cost effective and easily accessible."," Dermatol Online J. 2012 Aug 15;18(8):7. ","India",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Radiofrequency ablation",null,"VAS",null,null,null,"India",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Radiofrequency ablation",null,null,"VAS","2010:2014"]
[36,"Burdon-Jones D, Gibbons K. The Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT): a validated health-related quality of life questionnaire for non-metastatic skin cancers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1109-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04669.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04669.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.","Burdon-Jones D, Gibbons K."," The Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT): a validated health-related quality of life questionnaire for non-metastatic skin cancers.","Quality of life (QOL) issues in patients with non-metastatic skin cancer are not satisfactorily demonstrated when using existing QOL questionnaires. To construct and validate a 10 item disease-specific QOL questionnaire, the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT), for use in patients following treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer. The SCQOLIT was constructed and administered initially to 120 patients with non-metastatic skin cancer, 60 with malignant melanoma (MM) and 60 with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) following treatment, then repeated in half this cohort at seven days, and the other half at three months. Data was collected on age, gender, skin cancer type and Breslow thickness. Statistical validation was undertaken. There were 113 valid SCQOLIT responses at initial completion (54 in the MM group, and 59 in the NMSC group). Initial SCQOLIT median scores (interquartile range [IQR], range) for the two groups were 10 (12, 0-28) MM, and 4 (5, 0-19) NMSC. Amongst the cohort readministered the SCQOLIT at three months (23 in the MM group, 25 in the NMSC group) median scores (IQR, range) were 6 (6, 0-26) MM and 3 (4, 0-20) NMSC. The SCQOLIT is a validated disease-specific QOL questionnaire for use in patients following treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer. Higher SCQOLIT scores are observed in MM patients than NMSC patients, but diminish with time in the MM group. Patients with persistently elevated SCQOLIT scores merit additional attention."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1109-13. ","Australia",2013,"Melanoma,Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"SCQOLIT",null,null,null,"Australia",null,"Melanoma,Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"SCQOLIT","2010:2014"]
[37,"Hafiji J, Salmon P, Hussain W. Patient satisfaction with post-operative telephone calls after Mohs micrographic surgery: a New Zealand and U.K. experience. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Sep;167(3):570-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11011.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.","doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11011.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.","Hafiji J, Salmon P, Hussain W."," Patient satisfaction with post-operative telephone calls after Mohs micrographic surgery: a New Zealand and U.","Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is regarded as the gold standard for treating nonmelanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. Surgical interventions can generate anxiety for patients and efforts to minimize this may enhance their experience. To assess the perceived patient benefits of post-operative telephone follow-up (TFU) calls after MMS. A prospective, controlled, questionnaire-based assessment of patient satisfaction with TFU calls in patients undergoing MMS was conducted in two centres (New Zealand and U.K.) over a 4-month period from June to September 2011. All individuals in the study group were telephoned on the evening of their surgery by the operating surgeon. Questionnaires were completed by all patients at the time of suture removal. The median Likert score on a 10-point scale relating to patients' perception of the TFU service was higher in the study group compared with the control group (10 vs. 9), with no correlation to closure type of the surgical defect. Overall patient satisfaction with the TFU service was high (94% New Zealand; 96% U.K.), and this was independent of the patient's place of residence. There was no age or sex difference in the minority who did not find the TFU call helpful. The majority of patients felt the best time to call was the night of the surgery (89% New Zealand; 94% U.K.). All patients who had undergone MMS previously found the TFU call just as useful as the first time. The majority of patients (94% New Zealand; 96% U.K.) did not need to call the doctor post-surgery, although 7% of patients in the control group rang the surgeon with issues that could have been readily dealt with by the TFU service. Comparatively, more patients from the U.K. felt their satisfaction would have been the same with a nurse-led TFU call service compared with New Zealand (94% vs. 66%). A significant proportion of those who preferred to be called by the doctor underwent cutaneous flap closures. Patients felt that other specialities that perform surgical procedures under local anaesthetic should adopt a TFU service post-surgery. TFU calls post-MMS are a cost-effective, time-efficient way of achieving high levels of patient satisfaction.","K. experience. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Sep;167(3):570-4. ","New Zealand, UK",2012,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"New Zealand",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[38,"Jennings L, Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Whalen FM, Schmults CD. The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;27(6):706-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.4541.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.4541.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6.","Jennings L, Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Whalen FM, Schmults CD."," The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices.","Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Sun exposure is the most important risk factor for its development. The amount of exposure required to cause skin cancer has not been quantified, and the impact of sun protective practices is unknown. To develop a brief self-administered questionnaire to estimate past and current sun exposure, sun protective practices, and assess the questionnaire's reliability and validity. The study had three stages: (1) questionnaire formulation, (2) internal reliability and construct validity testing and questionnaire refinement, (3) test-retest and further internal reliability testing. The final Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI) is composed of 15 questions assessing three domains; current sun behaviour, current sun exposure and prior sun exposure. A total of 251 subjects completed Stage 2 testing and 57 completed Stage 3. Final Cronbach's α-scores ranged from 0.71 to 0.84 and k-scores demonstrated excellent to fair/good agreement, indicating acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was evidenced by significantly higher prior sun exposure scores and lower current sun behaviour scores in subjects with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. Self-reported questionnaires, though efficient and low cost, may be subject to recall error and bias. Further work remains to determine if the SEBI maintains its reliability and validity in different populations. The SEBI is a brief self-administered questionnaire, which appears to be reliable and valid. It may provide useful measures of past and present sun exposure and current sun behaviour, which may be useful in studies of skin cancer incidence and risk modification.\n"," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jun;27(6):706-15. ","USA",2013,"Any skin cancer","Prevention",null,"SEBI",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Prevention",null,null,"SEBI","2010:2014"]
[39,"Rychetnik L, McCaffery K, Morton R, Irwig L. Psychosocial aspects of post-treatment follow-up for stage I/II melanoma: a systematic review of the literature. Psychooncology. 2013 Apr;22(4):721-36. doi: 10.1002/pon.3060. Epub 2012 Mar 19.","doi: 10.1002/pon.3060. Epub 2012 Mar 19.","Rychetnik L, McCaffery K, Morton R, Irwig L."," Psychosocial aspects of post-treatment follow-up for stage I/II melanoma: a systematic review of the literature.","Patients treated for melanoma are advised to have lifelong full body skin examinations. Extended intervals between examinations have been proposed, but although this may be clinically effective, psychosocial aspects of follow-up are not well understood. This systematic review summarised patient and clinician preferences, experiences and adherence with recommended follow-up of stage I/II melanoma. Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, ACP Journal Club and NHS Economic Evaluation Database were searched from database inception to week 3 April 2010, to identify original studies of psychosocial outcomes of follow-up after treatment of stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma, as reported by patients or clinicians. The results were synthesised, and characteristics likely to maximise patients' well-being and adherence to follow-up schedules were proposed. We found 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Anxiety with melanoma follow-up was common; patients valued reassurance, information and psychosocial support, but long-term adherence to schedules was variable. Some wanted more emotional support from their clinician than was provided. Clinicians sometimes ordered additional blood and imaging tests to reassure patients. GPs were hesitant to conduct melanoma follow-up, but a trial providing technical training and protocols reported positive outcomes. Both patients and GPs wanted prompt access to melanoma specialists when suspicious lesions were found. Psychosocial aspects of follow-up impact on patient well-being and potential adherence to schedules, and may influence clinician practice. If follow-up schedules or personnel are to be revised, psychosocial impacts on patients must be explicitly addressed, as well as guidance and specialist support for clinicians."," Psychooncology. 2013 Apr;22(4):721-36. ","International",2013,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"International",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[40,"Hofmann MA, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Garbe C, Weichenthal M, Trefzer U, Drecoll U, Tilgen W, Schadendorf D, Kaatz M, Ulrich J. Prospective evaluation of supportive care with or without CVD chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in advanced melanoma by patient's choice: a multicentre Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):516-23. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3283485ff0. ","doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3283485ff0. ","Hofmann MA, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Garbe C, Weichenthal M, Trefzer U, Drecoll U, Tilgen W, Schadendorf D, Kaatz M, Ulrich J."," Prospective evaluation of supportive care with or without CVD chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in advanced melanoma by patient's choice: a multicentre Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial.","This prospective, nonrandomized multicentre, phase III study compared best supportive care (BSC) alone with cisplatin, vindesine and dacabazine-based (CVD) chemotherapy and BSC in patients with advanced melanoma. A total of 117 pretreated patients with metastatic melanoma were evaluated, 34 patients in arm A (BSC) and 83 in arm B (BSC and CVD). Primary endpoint was overall survival and secondary endpoints were disease control rate and quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30). Owing to sparse recruitment of patients for randomization, the protocol has been changed based on patients' choice. Baseline characteristics were imbalanced with respect to the Karnofsky Performance Index (P=0.001), the existence of brain metastases (P=0.035) and earlier application of chemoimmunotherapy (P=0.038). Disease control was observed in 8.8% of patients in arm A and in 28.9% of patients in arm B (P=0.028). Median overall survival time was 137 days in arm A and 229 days in arm B (P=0.014). Multivariate analyses could not ascribe this prognostic benefit to CVD treatment. No significant difference in the quality of life could be found. This study could not detect clear survival benefits for polychemotherapy with CVD compared with BSC alone in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Interestingly, having the choice of chemotherapy or BSC alone in a second-line situation, more than 70% of patients chose polychemotherapy.\n"," Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):516-23. ","Germany",2011,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,"Germany",null,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36","2010:2014"]
[41,"Holzinger A, Kosec P, Schwantzer G, Debevc M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Frühauf J. Design and development of a mobile computer application to reengineer workflows in the hospital and the methodology to evaluate its effectiveness. J Biomed Inform. 2011 Dec;44(6):968-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Jul 26. ","doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Jul 26. ","Holzinger A, Kosec P, Schwantzer G, Debevc M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Frühauf J."," Design and development of a mobile computer application to reengineer workflows in the hospital and the methodology to evaluate its effectiveness.","This paper describes a new method of collecting additional data for the purpose of skin cancer research from the patients in the hospital using the system Mobile Computing in Medicine Graz (MoCoMed-Graz). This system departs from the traditional paper-based questionnaire data collection methods and implements a new composition of evaluation methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. The patients fill out a questionnaire on a Tablet-PC (or iPad Device) and the resulting medical data is integrated into the electronic patient record for display when the patient enters the doctor's examination room. Since the data is now part of the electronic patient record, the doctor can discuss the data together with the patient making corrections or completions where necessary, thus enhancing data quality and patient empowerment. A further advantage is that all questionnaires are in the system at the end of the day - and manual entry is no longer necessary - consequently raising data completeness. The front end was developed using a User Centered Design Process for touch tablet computers and transfers the data in XML to the SAP based enterprise hospital information system. The system was evaluated at the Graz University Hospital - where about 30 outpatients consult the pigmented lesion clinic each day - following Bronfenbrenner's three level perspective: The microlevel, the mesolevel and the macrolevel: On the microlevel, the questions answered by 194 outpatients, evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) resulted in a median of 97.5 (min: 50, max: 100) which showed that it is easy to use. On the mesolevel, the time spent by medical doctors was measured before and after the implementation of the system; the medical task performance time of 20 doctors (age median 43 (min: 29; max: 50)) showed a reduction of 90%. On the macrolevel, a cost model was developed to show how much money can be saved by the hospital management. This showed that, for an average of 30 patients per day, on a 250 day basis per year in this single clinic, the hospital management can save up to 40,000 EUR per annum, proving that mobile computers can successfully contribute to workflow optimization."," J Biomed Inform. 2011 Dec;44(6):968-77. ","Austria",2011,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Austria",null,"Any skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[42,"van der Geer S, Frunt M, Romero HL, Dellaert NP, Jansen-Vullers MH, Demeyere TB, Neumann HA, Krekels GA. One-stop-shop treatment for basal cell carcinoma, part of a new disease management strategy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Sep;26(9):1154-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04184.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04184.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.","van der Geer S, Frunt M, Romero HL, Dellaert NP, Jansen-Vullers MH, Demeyere TB, Neumann HA, Krekels GA."," One-stop-shop treatment for basal cell carcinoma, part of a new disease management strategy.","The number of skin cancer patients, especially patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is rapidly increasing. Resources available at dermato-oncology units have not increased proportionally, which affects the throughput time of patients. To assess the feasibility and safety of implementation of the one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of patients with BCC at a dermato-oncology unit. A pilot study on a one-stop-shop concept for BCC was performed to investigate procedure safety and patient satisfaction. Fresh frozen sections were used to diagnose the tumours, and subsequently treatment with photodynamic therapy or excision was performed on the same day. Time spent in the hospital was measured and questionnaires were used to evaluate patient satisfaction. Sixteen patients, who together had 19 tumours, were included. Diagnoses were made within a mean time of 100 min (range 27-160 min). The mean throughput time was 4 hours and 7 min (range 60-420 min). No complications were observed, and patient satisfaction was high. The one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of skin cancer patients is feasible and efficient for both patients and dermato-oncology units. Further research is necessary to investigate cost-effectiveness when larger patient groups are involved."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Sep;26(9):1154-7. ","Netherlands",2012,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Photodynamic therapy",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[43,"Frühauf J, Leinweber B, Fink-Puches R, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Richtig E, Wolf IH, Niederkorn A, Quehenberger F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of automated digital image analysis of pigmented skin lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Mar;26(3):368-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04081.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.","doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04081.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.","Frühauf J, Leinweber B, Fink-Puches R, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Richtig E, Wolf IH, Niederkorn A, Quehenberger F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R."," Patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of automated digital image analysis of pigmented skin lesions.","Computerized analysis of pigmented skin lesions may help to increase diagnostic accuracy for melanoma, help to avoid unnecessary procedures and reduce health care costs. We evaluated both the patient acceptance and diagnostic utility of such an analysis tool in a real clinical setting. Two hundred nine consecutive patients (median age: 34 years, range: 2-73 years), who were concerned about a pigmented skin lesion, answered a questionnaire about their attitude towards computerized analysis and their confidence in the resulting findings. Using a dermoscopy analyser, their skin lesions (n = 219) were then grouped into the categories, benign, suspicious and malignant, and results were compared with those obtained by in-person examination of dermato-oncologic experts. More than half of the patients (n = 114) would accept the use of computer analysis for melanoma screening; although 16 (14.0%) patients would accept this method solely, 98 (86.0%) patients would prefer an additional in-person examination by a dermatologist. Of the 219 pigmented skin lesions, the dermoscopic experts rated 171 (78.1%) as benign, 36 (16.4%) as suspicious and 12 (5.5%) as malignant, whereas computer analysis revealed 102 (46.6%) benign, 78 (35.6%) suspicious and 39 (17.8%) malignant lesions. At the expense of specificity (48.8%), the sensitivity of computerized analysis was excellent (100%) and equal to that of in-person examination. Most patients would accept computer analysis for melanoma screening, some of them even without reservations. However, due to a high rate of false positive computer assessments, it cannot be recommended as a screening tool at this time."," J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Mar;26(3):368-72. ","Austria",2012,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Austria",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[44,"Chuang GS, Leach BC, Wheless L, Lang PG, Cook J. Preoperative expectations and values of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2011 Mar;37(3):311-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01878.x. Epub 2011 Feb 22. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01878.x. Epub 2011 Feb 22. ","Chuang GS, Leach BC, Wheless L, Lang PG, Cook J."," Preoperative expectations and values of patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery.","Dermatologists have championed Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for its unsurpassed treatment success for skin cancers, safety profile, cost-effectiveness, and tissue-sparing quality. It is unclear whether patients undergoing MMS also value these characteristics. To evaluate patients' preoperative expectations of MMS and identify the factors that may influence such expectations The study prospectively recruited participants who were newly diagnosed with skin cancer and referred for MMS. A questionnaire listing the characteristics of MMS was given to the participants asking them to score the importance of each characteristic on a 10-point scale. The participants were also asked to provide information regarding their gender, age, subjective health status, education level, family annual income, and their referral source On average, participants placed the highest value, in descending order, on a treatment that yielded the highest cure rate, reconstruction initiation only after complete tumor removal, and the surgeon being a skin cancer specialist. Overall, participants placed high values on characteristics of MMS that dermatologists have long esteemed. Our data corroborate that MMS is a valuable procedure that meets the expectations not just of physicians, but also of patients. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters."," Dermatol Surg. 2011 Mar;37(3):311-9. ","USA",2011,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[45,"Ozolins M, Williams HC, Armstrong SJ, Bath-Hextall FJ. The SINS trial: a randomised controlled trial of excisional surgery versus imiquimod 5% cream for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Trials. 2010 Apr 21;11():42. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-42. Epub 2010 Apr 21.","doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-42. Epub 2010 Apr 21.","Ozolins M, Williams HC, Armstrong SJ, Bath-Hextall FJ."," The SINS trial: a randomised controlled trial of excisional surgery versus imiquimod 5% cream for nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest human cancer. Despite increasing incidence it remains poorly researched. While not life threatening it can cause significant cosmetic disfigurement. Imiquimod, a cream which enhances the body's immune response, may help deal with the number of cases that occur in low-risk sites, especially when good cosmetic results and home use without surgery are needed.This study aims 1. To compare excisional surgery with imiquimod cream for nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma in low risk sites, with respect to 3 year clinical clearance, cost-effectiveness and cosmetic results. 2. To ascertain if certain phenotypic features and gene polymorphisms predict tumour responsiveness to treatment. Five hundred participants with low risk nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma will be recruited from hospitals to this multi-centre, randomised, parallel group, controlled phase III trial. Treatment in the imiquimod group is for 6 weeks for superficial basal cell carcinoma and 12 weeks for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Both treatment groups are followed up in clinic for 3 years. Primary outcome variable: the proportion of participants with clinical evidence of success (no recurrence) at 3 years. The primary outcome will be compared between the two treatment groups. Secondary outcomes include: i) clinical success at 1, 2 and 5 years, ii) time to first recurrence, iii) cosmetic appearance of lesion site after treatment, iv) level of pain, and v) cost-effectiveness. Safety and tolerability data will also be reported. This study protocol describes a pragmatic randomised controlled trial which it is hoped will address the above uncertainties. Three-year results will be available towards the end of 2010. Meta-register: NCT00066872, Eudract No. 2004-004506-24, ISRCTN48755084."," Trials. 2010 Apr 21;11():42. ","UK",2010,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Imiquimod",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery,Imiquimod",null,null,"Unknown","2010:2014"]
[46,"Cornish D, Holterhues C, van de Poll-Franse LV, Coebergh JW, Nijsten T. A systematic review of health-related quality of life in cutaneous melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20 Suppl 6():vi51-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp255. ","doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp255. ","Cornish D, Holterhues C, van de Poll-Franse LV, Coebergh JW, Nijsten T."," A systematic review of health-related quality of life in cutaneous melanoma.","Melanoma can be considered an emerging chronic disease that may considerably affect patients' lives. The authors systematically reviewed the available literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and melanoma. Of reviews and the selected studies, reference lists were hand-searched. The quality of the eligible studies was appraised based on 14 previously published criteria. Of the 158 abstracts, 44 articles were appraised, resulting in 13 selected studies written in English (published between 2001 and 2008). Most studies assessed patients from specialised centres with varying, but relatively advanced, disease stages. The most commonly used instruments were the SF-36 and EORTC QLQ-C30. Recently, a melanoma-specific HRQOL questionnaire [FACT-Melanoma (FACT-M)] was introduced for clinical trial purposes. It showed that approximately one-third of melanoma patients experienced considerable levels of distress, mostly at the time of diagnosis and following treatment. Systemic therapies affected HRQOL negatively in the short term, but to a lesser extent in the long term. Health status and patients' psychological characteristics are associated with higher levels of HRQOL impairment. The authors found that the impact of melanoma on patients' HRQOL is comparable to that of other cancers. Accurately assessing HRQOL impairment in melanoma patients is pivotal, as it may affect disease management, including therapy and additional counselling, future preventive behaviour and perhaps even prognosis.\n"," Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20 Suppl 6():vi51-8. ","International",2009,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,FACT-M,SF-36",null,null,null,"International",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,FACT-M,SF-36","2005:2009"]
[47,"Bottomley A, Coens C, Suciu S, Santinami M, Kruit W, Testori A, Marsden J, Punt C, Salès F, Gore M, Mackie R, Kusic Z, Dummer R, Patel P, Schadendorf D, Spatz A, Keilholz U, Eggermont A. Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation in resected stage III melanoma: a phase III randomized controlled trial of health-related quality of life and symptoms by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2916-23. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2069. Epub 2009 May 11. ","doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2069. Epub 2009 May 11. ","Bottomley A, Coens C, Suciu S, Santinami M, Kruit W, Testori A, Marsden J, Punt C, Salès F, Gore M, Mackie R, Kusic Z, Dummer R, Patel P, Schadendorf D, Spatz A, Keilholz U, Eggermont A."," Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation in resected stage III melanoma: a phase III randomized controlled trial of health-related quality of life and symptoms by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group.","Interferon (IFN) -based adjuvant therapy in melanoma is associated with significant side effects, which necessitates evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Our trial examined the HRQOL effects of adjuvant pegylated IFN-alpha-2b (PEG-IFN-alpha-2b) versus observation in patients with stage III melanoma. A total of 1,256 patients with stage III melanoma were randomly assigned after full lymphadenectomy to receive either observation (n = 629) or PEG-IFN-alpha-2b (n = 627): induction 6 micrograms/kg/wk [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] for 8 weeks then maintenance 3 micrograms/kg/wk [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] for an intended total duration of 5 years. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 was used to assess HRQOL. At 3.8 years of median follow-up, for the primary end point, recurrence-free survival (RFS), risk was reduced by 18% (hazard rate = 0.82; P = .01) in the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b arm compared with observation. Significant and clinically meaningful differences occurred with the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b treatment arm compared with the observation group, showing decreased global HRQOL at month 3 (-11.6 points; 99% CI, -8.2 to -15.0) and year 2 (-10.5 points; 99% CI, -6.6 to -14.4). Many of the other scales showed statistically significant differences between scores when comparing the two arms. From a clinical point of view, important differences were found for five scales: two functioning scales (social and role functioning) and three symptom scales (appetite loss, fatigue, and dyspnea), with the PEG-IFN-alpha-2b arm being most impaired. PEG-IFN-alpha-2b leads to a significant and sustained improvement in RFS. There is an expected negative effect on global HRQOL and selected symptoms when patients undergo PEG-IFN-alpha-2b treatment."," J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2916-23. ","Belgium",2009,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,"Belgium",null,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36","2005:2009"]
[48,"Weinstock MA, Lee KC, Chren MM, Marcolivio K, VATTC Trial Group. Quality of life in the actinic neoplasia syndrome: The VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Aug;61(2):207-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.022. Epub 2009 Apr 26.","doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.022. Epub 2009 Apr 26.","Weinstock MA, Lee KC, Chren MM, Marcolivio K, VATTC Trial Group."," Quality of life in the actinic neoplasia syndrome: The VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial.","Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) are the most common malignancies of the skin. As lesions have a low mortality rate, understanding quality-of-life (QoL) factors is necessary in their management. To assess QoL and associated patient characteristics in those with a history of keratinocyte carcinomas. We conducted a cross-sectional study of veterans with a history of KCs enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas. Study dermatologists counted actinic keratoses (AKs) and assessed for skin photodamage. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29 and KC-specific questions. Demographics were self-reported. Participants (n = 931) enrolled at 5 clinical sites had worse QoL on all subscales (emotions, functioning, and symptoms) compared to a reference group of patients without skin disease. Univariate analysis demonstrated worse QoL associated with higher AK count, past 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) use, and greater sun sensitivity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher AK count and past 5-FU use were independently related to diminished QoL. Higher comorbidities showed modest associations on the symptoms and functioning subscales. Number of previous KCs was not independently associated with any QoL differences. Study population may not be generalizable to the general population. Counting of AKs is of limited reliability. Previous 5-FU use is self reported. A history of ever use of 5-FU and present AKs was strongly associated with worse QoL. We find it more useful to consider these patients as having the chronic condition \"actinic neoplasia syndrome,\" whose burden may be best measured by factors other than their history of Kcs."," J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Aug;61(2):207-15. ","USA",2009,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Prevention",null,"Skindex-16/17/29",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Squamous cell carcinoma","Prevention",null,null,"Skindex-16/17/29","2005:2009"]
[49,"Chait SR, Thompson JK, Jacobsen PB. Relationship of body image to breast and skin self-examination intentions and behaviors. Body Image. 2009 Jan;6(1):60-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Nov 14. ","doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Nov 14. ","Chait SR, Thompson JK, Jacobsen PB."," Relationship of body image to breast and skin self-examination intentions and behaviors.","Breast self-examinations (BSE) and skin self-examinations (SSE) represent cost-effective and time-efficient approaches to cancer detection. Given their utility, it is important to determine who is likely to perform these behaviors regularly and why. Because BSE and SSE require close examination of one's body, women who are less satisfied and less comfortable with their bodies may perform these behaviors less often. This study sought to determine if a relationship exists between body image and BSE and SSE behaviors and intentions. Ninety-three women completed measures assessing body image, past performance of and future intentions to perform BSE and SSE. Results indicated that body image was related to past performance of SSE. Having greater body-areas satisfaction and more favorable global evaluations of appearance were related to having performed SSE more frequently in the past year. Future research should further examine this relationship utilizing longitudinal designs and more diverse populations."," Body Image. 2009 Jan;6(1):60-3. ","USA",2009,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2005:2009"]
[50,"Cormier JN, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Mansfield PF, Camacho LH, Kim K, Webster K, Cella D, Palmer JL. Prospective assessment of the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma questionnaire. Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10):2249-57. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23424. ","doi: 10.1002/cncr.23424. ","Cormier JN, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lee JE, Mansfield PF, Camacho LH, Kim K, Webster K, Cella D, Palmer JL."," Prospective assessment of the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma questionnaire.","The authors previously developed a melanoma-specific module for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-Melanoma), a tool for the assessment of quality of life (QOL) in patients with melanoma. The reliability and validity of the FACT-Melanoma was examined in this study. Patients with melanoma (N = 273; stages I-IV) completed a battery of questionnaires at the time of enrollment. The validity of the instrument was examined by comparing FACT-Melanoma scores with performance status, disease stage, treatment status, and other scales, including the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Melanoma Module, the Profile of Mood States, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Patients were assessed after 1 week to assess test-retest reliability and at 3 months to determine the sensitivity of the instrument to change in performance status. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability (r) of the melanoma subscale (Cronbach alpha = .85; r = .81) and the total FACT-Melanoma (alpha = .95; r = .90) were excellent. Overall, the scales were correlated with other measures, as anticipated. Total FACT-Melanoma scores, along with scores for physical well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being, and melanoma-specific scales, were lower for patients with advanced (stage III/IV) melanoma, poor performance status, and patients who were receiving active treatment. The FACT-Melanoma total score and the score for physical well-being were sensitive to changes in performance status (P = .0012 and P = .004, respectively). The results of the current study indicated that the FACT-Melanoma questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with melanoma that can be used for the assessment of QOL in clinical trials."," Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10):2249-57. ","USA",2008,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"EORTC-QLQ-Melanoma,FACT-M,MCSDS,POMS",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-Melanoma,FACT-M,MCSDS,POMS","2005:2009"]
[51,"Cashin RP, Lui P, Machado M, Hemels ME, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR. Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies. Value Health. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):259-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00243.x. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00243.x. ","Cashin RP, Lui P, Machado M, Hemels ME, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR."," Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies.","Metastatic melanoma (MM), a major concern for health-care providers, is increasing. We systematically reviewed published articles describing the impact of interventions (drugs and screening) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with MM, and articles that measured QoL in MM. We searched secondary databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and DARE from inception to 2006 using MESH terms \"melanoma\" and \"metastases.\" Economic articles were subject to established quality assessment procedures. We found 13 QoL and five economic studies (three cost-effectiveness, two cost-utility; average quality = 83% +/- 7%). No strong evidence was found in this review for cost-effectiveness of interferons in Canada (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] = $55,090/quality-adjusted life-year) or temozolomide in the United States (ICER = $36,990/Life-year gained based on nonsignificant efficacy differences). Melanoma screening was not cost-effective in the United States ($150,000-931,000/life-saved) or Germany (no survival benefit). From the 13 QoL studies,eight measured baseline QoL; six studied the same population, generating similar results using different approaches/outcomes. Tools used included GLQ-8, QLQ-C30, QLQ-36, QWB-SA, and SF-36. Baseline scores QoL scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.69. Another five studies (N = 959 patients) were randomized trials analyzing QoL in patients treated with dacarbazine alone, dacarbazine +/- interferon, dacarbazine + fotemustine, interleukin +/- histamine, and temozolomide. Little difference was found in QoL scores between drugs or between baseline and end point. Cost-effectiveness has not been widely demonstrated for treatment of MM. Only two studies with unimpressive results exist for treatments. Screening was not cost-effective in the United States or Germany. Generally, no significant improvements in QoL were found for any alternative for treating MM. A need exists for effective treatments that improve duration and QoL."," Value Health. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):259-71. ","International",2008,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Fotemustine,Interferon,Temozolomide,Screening or surveillance",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,QWB-SA,SF-36",null,null,null,"International",null,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Fotemustine,Interferon,Temozolomide,Screening or surveillance",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,QWB-SA,SF-36","2005:2009"]
[52,"Adamina M, Weber WP, Rosenthal R, Schumacher R, Zajac P, Guller U, Frey DM, Oertli D, Zuber M, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC. Heterologous prime-boost immunotherapy of melanoma patients with Influenza virosomes, and recombinant Vaccinia virus encoding 5 melanoma epitopes and 3 co-stimulatory molecules.  A multi-centre phase I/II open labeled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):165-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Jul 17.","doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Jul 17.","Adamina M, Weber WP, Rosenthal R, Schumacher R, Zajac P, Guller U, Frey DM, Oertli D, Zuber M, Heberer M, Spagnoli GC."," Heterologous prime-boost immunotherapy of melanoma patients with Influenza virosomes, and recombinant Vaccinia virus encoding 5 melanoma epitopes and 3 co-stimulatory molecules.  A multi-centre phase I/II open labeled clinical trial. ","To the exception of early stages of disease, the morbidity and mortality of melanoma is considerable, with no acknowledged therapeutic options beyond surgery. Immunotherapy of melanoma has achieved some success, but further refinements are urgently needed in order to realize its potential. This paper describes a multi-centre phase I/II open labeled, controlled clinical trial investigating 2 innovative immunotherapeutic reagents. Two successive groups of 20 resected AJCC stages IIb-IV melanoma patients will be treated, first with melanoma epitopes included into Influenza virosomes (group 1), and second with a heterologous prime-boost protocol priming with a recombinant Vaccinia virus, and boosting with Influenza virosomes (group 2). Five melanoma epitopes from three different melanoma differentiation antigens were included into Influenza virosomes, that cross-stimulate CD4+ T cells and are endowed with high adjuvant capacity in the generation of CTL. The same five melanoma epitopes, two co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and the CD40 ligand, a marker known to play a crucial role in CTL generation and memory maintenance were encoded in a recombinant Vaccinia virus. GM-CSF will be administered as a supporting cytokine. Both Influenza virosomes and octo-recombinant Vaccinia virus are innovative and original constructs assessed for the first time in human. Immunotherapy foresees 12 weekly immunizations for each group. Toxicity and adverse events will be monitored clinically. Immunological efficacy will be assessed dynamically by ex-vivo multimer analysis, Elispot, and quantitative real-time PCR for up to 3 months following completion of immunotherapy schedule. Disease free survival will be assessed by 4-monthly serial clinic visits, including physical and FDG-PET examinations, for a follow-up time of 2 years. Quality of life will be assessed with a dedicated FACT-BRM 4 questionnaire.","Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):165-81. ","Switzerland",2008,"Melanoma","Immunotherapy",null,"FACT-BRM",null,null,null,"Switzerland",null,"Melanoma","Immunotherapy",null,null,"FACT-BRM","2005:2009"]
[53,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Logan BR, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Validation of a quality-of-life instrument for patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006 Sep-Oct;8(5):314-8. doi: 10.1001/archfaci.8.5.314. ","doi: 10.1001/archfaci.8.5.314. ","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Logan BR, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Validation of a quality-of-life instrument for patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer.","To validate a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument--the Skin Cancer Index--intended to measure quality-of-life issues relevant to patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Internal reliability, convergent and divergent validity with existing scales, and factor analyses were performed in a cross-sectional study of 211 patients presenting with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer to a dermatologic surgery clinic. Factor analyses of the Skin Cancer Index confirmed a multidimensional scale with 3 distinct subscales-emotional, social, and appearance. Excellent internal validity of the 3 subscales was demonstrated. Substantial evidence was observed for convergent validity with the Dermatology Life Quality Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Lerman's Cancer Worry Scale, and Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 12 domains for vitality, emotion, social function, and mental health. These findings validate a new disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. Studies on the responsiveness of the Skin Cancer Index to clinical intervention are currently under way."," Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006 Sep-Oct;8(5):314-8. ","USA",2006,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,"DLQI,LCWS,RSES,SF-12,SCI",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","None/not clear",null,null,"DLQI,LCWS,RSES,SF-12,SCI","2005:2009"]
[54,"Kuijpers DI, Thissen MR, Thissen CA, Neumann MH. Similar effectiveness of methyl aminolevulinate and 5-aminolevulinate in topical photodynamic therapy for nodular basal cell carcinoma. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Jul-Aug;5(7):642-5. ",null,"Kuijpers DI, Thissen MR, Thissen CA, Neumann MH."," Similar effectiveness of methyl aminolevulinate and 5-aminolevulinate in topical photodynamic therapy for nodular basal cell carcinoma.","Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a treatment modality that is increasingly used in dermato-oncology. Currently, 2 topical photosensitizers, 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) are widely used, but their efficacy in BCC has not yet been compared in a clinical setting. To evaluate the effect, degree of pain, and costs of ALA-PDT versus MAL-PDT in nodular BCC (nBCC). Patients suffering from BCC were randomly assigned to either ALA-PDT (n=22) or MAL-PDT (n=21) in a pilot study. In each group, half of the tumors were debulked prior to PDT. Eight weeks after treatment, the therapeutic outcome was checked histologically. Pain scores were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Residual tumor tissue was detected in 6 BCCs of each study group. No significant difference between ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT was found with regard to therapeutic efficacy and pain scores. Of note, however, the costs of MAL-PDT were 6-fold higher than those of ALA-PDT. In this study we did not observe any differences in short-term efficacy between ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT. Therefore, both ALA and MAL can be equally recommended as topical photosensitizers in PDT."," J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Jul-Aug;5(7):642-5. ","Netherlands",2006,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"VAS",null,null,null,"Netherlands",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,null,"VAS","2005:2009"]
[55,"Dixon S, Walters SJ, Turner L, Hancock BW. Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of interferon-alpha in malignant melanoma: results from randomised trial. Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):492-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602973. ","doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602973. ","Dixon S, Walters SJ, Turner L, Hancock BW."," Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of interferon-alpha in malignant melanoma: results from randomised trial.","A definitive conclusion regarding the value of low-dose extended duration adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma is only possible once data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and costs have been considered. This trial randomised 674 patients to interferon alpha-2a (3 megaunits three times per week for 2 years or until recurrence) or placebo. Health-related quality of life (QoL) was to be assessed up to 60 months using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30. Data for the economic analysis, including cost information and the EQ-5D were also collected. Patients in the observation (OBS) group had significantly better mean follow-up quality of on five dimensions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scales: role functioning (P = 0.033), emotional functioning (P = 0.003), cognitive functioning (P = 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.003) and global health status (P = 0.001). Patients in the OBS group had significantly better mean follow-up symptom scores on seven dimensions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 V1 symptom scales. Economic data showed that costs were 3066 pounds higher in the interferon group and produces an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year of 41,432 pounds at 5 years. The results show that interferon has significant effects on QoL and symptomatology and is unlikely to be cost-effective in this patient group in the UK."," Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 27;94(4):492-8. ","UK",2006,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,EQ-5D","2005:2009"]
[56,"Clayton TH, Tait J, Whitehurst C, Yates VM. Photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease. Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb;16(1):39-41. ",null,"Clayton TH, Tait J, Whitehurst C, Yates VM."," Photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease.","Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) and Bowen's disease. Several studies have reported complete response rates of 80-95% and an excellent cosmetic outcome. Bowen's disease and superficial basal cell carcinomas characteristically affect older patients who may also have associated difficulties with mobility. Using a portable PDT light source we were able to deliver PDT in a community setting with the aim of providing a more convenient service for patients. This randomised study confirmed that community delivered PDT is a viable treatment option and can be administered safely in the community by a trained dermatology nurse. The results from patient questionnaires suggest that community delivered PDT is more convenient to the patient, and also cost effective."," Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb;16(1):39-41. ","UK",2006,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Photodynamic therapy",null,null,"Unknown","2005:2009"]
[57,"Francken AB, Bastiaannet E, Hoekstra HJ. Follow-up in patients with localised primary cutaneous melanoma. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Aug;6(8):608-21. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70283-7.","doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70283-7.","Francken AB, Bastiaannet E, Hoekstra HJ."," Follow-up in patients with localised primary cutaneous melanoma.","Follow-up services for patients with localised cutaneous melanoma are widely discussed but there is no international consensus. Our aim was to discuss frequency and duration of follow-up, type of health professional involved, optimum intensity of routine investigation, and patients' satisfaction with follow-up. Searches of the published work were directed at publications between January, 1985, and February, 2004 on recurrences, subsequent primary melanoma, routine tests, and patients' satisfaction. In a selection of 72 articles, 2142 (6.6%) recurrences were reported, 62% of which were detected by the patients themselves. 2.6% of patients developed a subsequent primary melanoma. Most investigators do not support high-intensity routine follow-up investigations. Of the various follow-up investigations requested by physicians, only medical history and physical examination seem to be cost effective. Lymph-node sonography seems to be a promising method for detection, although survival benefit remains to be proven. Patients were found to be anxious about follow-up visits, although other research showed that provision of information to patients was much appreciated. Published work on the follow-up of patients with cutaneous melanoma has mainly been retrospective and descriptive. Recommendations can be given with only a low grade of evidence. For meaningful guidelines to be developed, prospective, high-quality methodological research is needed."," Lancet Oncol. 2005 Aug;6(8):608-21. ","International",2005,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"International",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2005:2009"]
[58,"Trask PC, Griffith KA. The identification of empirically derived cancer patient subgroups using psychosocial variables. J Psychosom Res. 2004 Sep;57(3):287-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.005.","doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.01.005.","Trask PC, Griffith KA."," The identification of empirically derived cancer patient subgroups using psychosocial variables.","To determine if there are subgroups of cancer patients who differ on coping, psychological, and quality of life (QOL) measures, and to determine if these subgroups have a different course of distress and health following a cancer diagnosis. Three hundred fifty-one individuals presenting to a multidisciplinary melanoma clinic completed a baseline questionnaire packet containing the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Ways of Coping (WOC), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), an informed consent form, and a demographic questionnaire. Participants subsequently completed measures at 2, 5, and 9 months after completion of their baseline assessment. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted using the subscales of the STAI, SF-36, and WOC. Four distinct clusters, psychologically unhealthy, physically unhealthy, combined psychologically and physically unhealthy, and healthy, were identified. These clusters differed on the General Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI and the General Health scale of the SF-36 at each of the four assessment points. The course of distress and general health was distinct for each cluster during the study, with combined and psychologically unhealthy clusters having greater levels of distress and combined and physically unhealthy clusters having poorer overall health. The findings from this study provide support for distinct subgroups of patients presenting with a diagnosis of cancer whose level of distress and general health vary greatly following a cancer diagnosis. Clinical interventions tailored to the level of psychological or physical impairment as determined by the cluster may result in better outcomes following cancer treatment."," J Psychosom Res. 2004 Sep;57(3):287-95. ","USA",2004,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,"BSI,SF-36,STAI,WOC",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","None/not clear",null,null,"BSI,SF-36,STAI,WOC","2000:2004"]
[59,"Aitken JF, Youl PH, Janda M, Elwood M, Ring IT, Lowe JB. Comparability of skin screening histories obtained by telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires: a randomized crossover study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):598-604. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh263.","doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh263.","Aitken JF, Youl PH, Janda M, Elwood M, Ring IT, Lowe JB."," Comparability of skin screening histories obtained by telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires: a randomized crossover study.","The comparability of information collected through telephone interviews and information collected through mailed questionnaires has not been well studied. As part of the first phase of a randomized controlled trial of population screening for melanoma in Queensland, Australia, the authors compared histories of skin examination reported in telephone interviews and self-administered mailed questionnaires. A total of 1,270 subjects each completed a telephone interview and a mailed questionnaire 1 month apart in 1999; 564 subjects received the interview first, and 706 received the mailed questionnaire first. Agreement between the two methods was 91.2% and 88.6% for whole-body skin examination by a physician in the last 12 months and the last 3 years, respectively, and 81.9% for whole-body skin self-examination in the last 12 months. Agreement was lower for \"any\" skin self-examination. Agreement between the two methods was similar regardless of whether the interview or the questionnaire was administered first. Missing data were less frequent for interviews (0.5%) than for mailed questionnaires (3.8%). Costs were estimated at A$9.55 (US$6.21) per completed interview and A$3.01 (US$1.96) per questionnaire. The similarity of results obtained using telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires, coupled with the substantially higher cost of telephone interviews, suggests that self-administered mailed questionnaires are an appropriate method of assessing this health behavior."," Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):598-604. ","Australia",2004,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Australia",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2000:2004"]
[60,"Newton-Bishop JA, Nolan C, Turner F, McCabe M, Boxer C, Thomas JM, Coombes G, A'Hern RP, Barrett JH. A quality-of-life study in high-risk (thickness > = or 2 mm) cutaneous melanoma patients in a randomized trial of 1-cm versus 3-cm surgical excision margins. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004 Mar;9(2):152-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09118.x. ","doi: 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.09118.x. ","Newton-Bishop JA, Nolan C, Turner F, McCabe M, Boxer C, Thomas JM, Coombes G, A'Hern RP, Barrett JH."," A quality-of-life study in high-risk (thickness > = or 2 mm) cutaneous melanoma patients in a randomized trial of 1-cm versus 3-cm surgical excision margins.","A quality-of-life study was carried out to test the hypothesis that melanoma patients treated with a 3-cm margin of excision suffer greater impairment of their quality of life than those treated with a 1-cm margin. The secondary aim was to determine the predictors of a poor patient perception of their excision scar. A postal questionnaire study was carried out using Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), Psychosocial Adjustment of Illness Scale-Self-Report (PAIS-SR), Medical Outcomes Survey-Short Form 36 (MOS-SF36), and the Cassileth Scar questionnaires. Data were collected from 426 of the 537 patients who were mailed the questionnaires (response rate 79%). Fourteen percent had clinically significant anxiety and 5% had significant depression. A poor attitude toward quality of health care was associated with youth. Patients treated with a 3-cm margin excision had significantly poorer mental and physical function 1 mo after surgery, which disappeared within 6 mo. The greater difficulties experienced by the 3-cm margin group were particularly in their domestic, sexual, and social roles. Women, younger patients, those with poor physical and mental function after surgery, and those treated by a 3-cm margin were more likely to report a poorer perception of their scar. The poorer scar perception of patients in the 3-cm group persisted throughout the study period. Use of a 3-cm margin of excision for melanoma is associated with significantly more morbidity than use of a 1-cm margin, but this effect disappears in 6 mo. Patients treated by 3-cm excision were more likely, however, to have a persistent poor view of their scar. Youth and being female were also predictors of poor perception of the scar."," J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004 Mar;9(2):152-9. ","UK",2004,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"CSQ,HADS,PAIS-SR,SF-36",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,null,"CSQ,HADS,PAIS-SR,SF-36","2000:2004"]
[61,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Skin cancer and quality of life: assessment with the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 1):525-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30169.x. ","doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30169.x. ","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Skin cancer and quality of life: assessment with the Dermatology Life Quality Index.","Quality of life (QOL) has been identified as an important outcome in cancer research, yet the most common malignancy among humans, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), has been poorly studied in this regard. To determine whether change occurred in the QOL of NMSC patients after surgery using a general, validated dermatology QOL instrument: the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). A prospective study was conducted on 121 consecutive patients referred to a dermatologic Mohs surgery clinic with NMSC of the head and neck. QOL assessment was performed using the DLQI before (n=121) and after surgical treatment at 4 months (n=101). QOL scores demonstrated little handicap at initial diagnosis. The total DLQI scores showed little change over time, but an item analysis revealed that 2 of the 10 items demonstrated statistically significant change over time, with QOL improving after treatment-decreased painfulness/itchiness/soreness and less necessity to use concealing clothing. General dermatology QOL instruments demonstrated minimal handicap at initial diagnosis and little change after treatment of NMSC. Although the associations were modest, improvement in some aspects of well-being after treatment of NMSC was demonstrated. A more disease-specific instrument may be necessary to study this disease process further."," Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 1):525-9. ","USA",2004,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"DLQI",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Other surgery",null,null,"DLQI","2000:2004"]
[62,"Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB. Quality of life and sun-protective behavior in patients with skin cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;130(2):141-6. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.2.141.","doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.2.141.","Rhee JS, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M, Nattinger AB."," Quality of life and sun-protective behavior in patients with skin cancer.","To determine whether change occurred in the general quality of life (QOL) of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) patients following surgery, to identify variables associated with patients' change in QOL, and to assess the impact of the disease and treatment on sun-protective behaviors and cigarette smoking. Longitudinal prospective study of 121 consecutive patients referred to a dermatologic Mohs surgery clinic with NMSC of the head and neck. Quality-of-life, smoking habit, and sun-protective behavior assessments were performed before treatment (N=121) and after surgical treatment at 1 (n=105) and 4 (n=101) months. Quality-of-life measures included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Overall, general QOL measures demonstrated little change over time. Only the mental (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and emotional (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) domains of QOL showed statistically significant change over time. A 2-way interaction showing effects for age and time on emotional well-being was modified by a 3-way interaction that depended on employment status. Emotional well-being scores for younger employed NMSC patients increased over time compared with scores among younger unemployed patients. In addition, many patients adopted greater use of sun-protective behaviors at 4 months following surgery. No change in cigarette smoking status was evidenced. Use of sun-protective behaviors increases after treatment. General QOL instruments demonstrate little change following treatment of NMSC. Although the associations are modest, improvements in emotional and mental health well-being following treatment of NMSC were demonstrated, especially for those younger than 65 years and employed. A disease-specific instrument may be necessary to further study this disease process."," Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;130(2):141-6. ","USA",2004,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FACT-G,SF-36",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"FACT-G,SF-36","2000:2004"]
[63,"Kiebert GM, Jonas DL, Middleton MR. Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: results of a randomized phase III study comparing temozolomide with dacarbazine. Cancer Invest. 2003;21(6):821-9. ",null,"Kiebert GM, Jonas DL, Middleton MR."," Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: results of a randomized phase III study comparing temozolomide with dacarbazine.","Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a crucial endpoint in the evaluation of treatments that have limited survival benefits. The HRQL evaluations help ensure that patients are not sacrificing life quality for quantity. Current treatments for metastatic melanoma are primarily palliative, because cure is unattainable. The purpose of this article is to report detailed HRQL results of a phase III clinical trial comparing temozolomide to dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients were randomized to receive either oral temozolomide for 5 days every 4 weeks or intravenous DTIC for 5 days every 3 weeks. The HRQL was evaluated on day 1 cycle 1 and after each subsequent treatment cycle using the EORTC QLQ-C-30. The HRQL was compared between groups at weeks 12 and 24. Patients treated with temozolomide reported significantly better physical functioning and less fatigue and sleep disturbances than patients treated with DTIC at week 12. For all but two function and symptom subscales, EORTC QLQ-C30 subscale scores were numerically better for patients treated with temozolomide at week 12. All subscales except diarrhea were better for temozolomide at week 24. Analyses of change scores revealed that patients treated with temozolomide reported statistically significant improvements in emotional well-being and sleep disturbance. Patients also reported near significant change in cognitive functioning (3.9, p = 0.06). Patients treated with DTIC deteriorated on most function subscales and many symptom subscales at week 12. Deterioration in physical functioning approached significance (-6.8, p = 0.06). At week 24, patients treated with DTIC improved on the emotional functioning subscale and deteriorated on the physical, role, and global HRQL subscales, although many of the symptom scores improved. The results of this study suggest that treatment with temozolomide leads to important functional improvements and decreased symptoms compared to treatment with DTIC in patients being treated for metastatic melanoma."," Cancer Invest. 2003;21(6):821-9. ","UK",2003,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Temozolomide",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Temozolomide",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36","2000:2004"]
[64,"Ko CY, Maggard M, Livingston EH. Evaluating health utility in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer: a nationwide, population-based assessment. J Surg Res. 2003 Sep;114(1):1-5.",null,"Ko CY, Maggard M, Livingston EH."," Evaluating health utility in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer: a nationwide, population-based assessment.","Understanding the quality of life and health utility for cancer survivors is important; however, little data are available-particularly for long-term (>5 year) survivors. Using \"health utility\" scores as a proxy for quality of life may be advantageous because it is a single value. Utility scores range from 1.0 (perfect health) to 0 (death), and have been shown to be a good numerical summary of overall quality of life. Using a validated instrument for health utility (HALex), we calculated and report the scores of four different surgical cancers at multiple periods of follow-up, ranging from <1 year to >5 years after diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with either breast, colon, melanoma, or lung cancer were studied using the 1998 National Health Information Survey. Responses to several validated questions were collected and health utility scores were calculated. Different time periods were measured; acute (<1 year), short term (1-5 years), and long term (>5 years). Once a single health utility score was calculated, multivariate analyses were performed to identify important predictors of better versus worse health utility scores. The total sample size was 692 (breast 377, colon 169, melanoma 92, lung 54). Mean ages at diagnosis for the cancer groups were 56, 61, 52, and 60 years, respectively. The mean health utility scores in the acute period after diagnosis were: breast 0.62, colon 0.67, melanoma 0.73, and lung 0.42. In this acute period, the mean utility score for lung cancer survivors was statistically lower versus the others in the acute period (P < 0.001). Although variable trends were noted in the short-term period, all cancers demonstrated an increase in mean scores in the long-term period; the percent increases were: breast 15% (P = 0.01), colon 12%, melanoma 7%, and lung 47%. Multivariate regression analyses identified important associations of health utility scores. Significant predictors of lower health utility included the presence of pain and the presence of co-existent diseases, most commonly joint problems, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. For four surgical cancers in three time periods after diagnosis, health utility scores were lowest immediately after treatment and improved over time. Long-term (>5 year) survivors had the highest scores. Additionally, our analyses show that a part of health utility in this cohort is determined by the presence of pain and co-existent diseases, which are often items that can be improved by quality clinical care."," J Surg Res. 2003 Sep;114(1):1-5.","USA",2003,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,"HALex",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Other surgery",null,null,"HALex","2000:2004"]
[65,"Trask PC, Paterson AG, Griffith KA, Riba MB, Schwartz JL. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for distress in patients with melanoma: comparison with standard medical care and impact on quality of life. Cancer. 2003 Aug 15;98(4):854-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11579. ","doi: 10.1002/cncr.11579. ","Trask PC, Paterson AG, Griffith KA, Riba MB, Schwartz JL."," Cognitive-behavioral intervention for distress in patients with melanoma: comparison with standard medical care and impact on quality of life.","Melanoma accounts for > 79% of skin cancer-related deaths, although it accounts for only 4% of skin cancer incidence. Given the potential for lethality, it is likely that patients with melanoma may experience significant emotional distress. The current study was designed to determine the effect of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with melanoma who had medium-to-high distress. Forty-eight patients who had Global Severity Index scores >or= 60 2 months after their initial visit to the multidisciplinary melanoma clinic were randomized to receive either standard care or 4 sessions of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI). Repeated assessments using the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory occurred at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months after intervention for both groups. An intent-to-treat analysis did not reveal significantly lower distress in the CBI group at 2 months or 6 months of follow-up, although differences were noted in anxiety and HRQOL. An effect-of-intervention analysis did reveal lower levels of distress in the CBI group at 2 months, with differences approaching significance at 6 months. The four-session CBI significantly reduced distress and improved HRQOL for a period of 2 months in patients with melanoma who had medium-to-high distress, with improved general health evident 6 months after the intervention. Some variation in results was revealed in an intent-to-treat analysis. The initial evidence from the current study showed that a brief intervention may be effective for creating change in individuals with cancer who have increased distress, although further research is needed to identify the most optimal approach for delivering the intervention."," Cancer. 2003 Aug 15;98(4):854-64. ","USA",2003,"Melanoma","Cognitive behavioural therapy",null,"BSI,GSI,SF-36,STAI",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Cognitive behavioural therapy",null,null,"BSI,GSI,SF-36,STAI","2000:2004"]
[66,"Jatoi A, Suman VJ, Schaefer P, Block M, Loprinzi C, Roche P, Garneau S, Morton R, Stella PJ, Alberts SR, Pittelkow M, Sloan J, Pagano R. A phase II study of topical ceramides for cutaneous breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jul;80(1):99-104. doi: 10.1023/A:1024409123726. ","doi: 10.1023/A:1024409123726. ","Jatoi A, Suman VJ, Schaefer P, Block M, Loprinzi C, Roche P, Garneau S, Morton R, Stella PJ, Alberts SR, Pittelkow M, Sloan J, Pagano R."," A phase II study of topical ceramides for cutaneous breast cancer.","Short chain ceramides induce tumor cell apoptosis in preclinical models. Limited therapeutic options for patients with cutaneous breast cancer prompted the testing of these sphingolipids in patients with this disease. Twenty-five patients with refractory, cutaneous breast cancer were treated twice a day with a 1% mixture of topical C2 and C6 ceramides administered in a 1:1 ratio. For the first 8 weeks, patients were not allowed to receive other antineoplastic therapy. In addition to tumor status and toxicity assessment throughout the trial, skin biopsies for evidence of apoptosis and quality of life questionnaires (FACT-BR) were completed at baseline and 1 month. Only one patient manifested a partial response with topical ceramides, yielding a response rate of 4% (90% confidence interval 0, 17.6%). Median cutaneous progression-free survival was 2 months. The topical ceramides were also well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 toxicity reported. None of the six patients who underwent serial skin biopsies showed increased tumor cell apoptosis morphologically or by the modified TUNEL assay. To our knowledge, this trial is one of the first clinical investigations of short chain ceramides. This trial's results are not promising enough to merit further study of ceramides in the manner prescribed."," Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jul;80(1):99-104. ","USA",2003,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,"FACT-BR",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Various","Chemotherapy general",null,null,"FACT-BR","2000:2004"]
[67,"Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Bianco P, De Salvo GL, Lo Re G, Romanini A, Labianca R, Nortilli R, Corgna E, Dalla Palma M, Lo Presti G, Ridolfi R, Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI). Quality of life evaluation in a randomised trial of chemotherapy versus bio-chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2003 Jul;39(11):1577-85.",null,"Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Bianco P, De Salvo GL, Lo Re G, Romanini A, Labianca R, Nortilli R, Corgna E, Dalla Palma M, Lo Presti G, Ridolfi R, Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI)."," Quality of life evaluation in a randomised trial of chemotherapy versus bio-chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients.","This study analyses the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of advanced melanoma patients, in a randomised trial comparing bio-chemotherapy (bio-CT) versus chemotherapy (CT). The trial enrolled 178 patients and the median survival was not statistically different between the two arms. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and before each cycle of therapy, using the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) questionnaire completed with 140 patients. At baseline, overall quality of life and psychological distress scores were the most impaired, compared with the normal population. During treatment, the difference between the two arms in the changes from baseline was statistically significant (P=0.03) only in the overall quality of life score, with a decrease of 6.28 points in the bio-CT arm. The mean values decreased significantly in all domains in bio-CT arm, but only in activity level and physical symptom distress scores in the CT arm. Testing HRQOL variables and prognostic clinical factors in a Cox model, only the serum level of lactic dehydrogenase, baseline overall quality of life and the physical symptom distress scores remained significant independent prognostic factors for survival. A score of less than 75 points in the overall quality of life and in the physical symptom distress domains was associated with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 2.31 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09-4.90) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.10-3.36), respectively."," Eur J Cancer. 2003 Jul;39(11):1577-85.","Italy",2003,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general,Immunotherapy",null,"RSCL",null,null,null,"Italy",null,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general,Immunotherapy",null,null,"RSCL","2000:2004"]
[68,"Rhee JS, Loberiza FR, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M. Quality of life assessment in nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer. Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):215-20. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200302000-00004. ","doi: 10.1097/00005537-200302000-00004. ","Rhee JS, Loberiza FR, Matthews BA, Neuburg M, Smith TL, Burzynski M."," Quality of life assessment in nonmelanoma cervicofacial skin cancer.","Health-related quality of life (QOL) assessment of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer is poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to determine the general QOL of patients with cervicofacial skin cancer and to identify patient, clinical, and preventive behavior variables associated with patients' QOL. Cross-sectional study of 121 consecutive patients (65 female and 56 male patients) presenting to a dermatological Mohs surgery clinic with nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck. Quality of life assessment was performed before counseling or treatment. Measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Both instruments demonstrated good internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha (SF-36, alpha = 0.45-0.91; FACT-G, alpha = 0.61-0.90). The SF-36 scores were similar to historical norms. Bivariate analysis indicated significant correlation coefficients between QOL and patients' coexisting illnesses and medical risk factors. Sun-protective behaviors were associated with better QOL. The relationship appeared to be minimally influenced by patients' sociodemographic characteristics and disease-related variables (size, location, extent). Sun-protective behaviors were positively associated with certain QOL subscale scores in the population in the study. General QOL instruments demonstrated minimal impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer on patients at initial diagnosis. However, general measures may not be sensitive to the impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The development of a more disease-specific instrument may be necessary to evaluate this disease process."," Laryngoscope. 2003 Feb;113(2):215-20. ","USA",2003,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,"FACT-G,SF-36",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Non-melanoma skin cancer","Mohs surgery",null,null,"FACT-G,SF-36","2000:2004"]
[69,"Duvic M, Kuzel TM, Olsen EA, Martin AG, Foss FM, Kim YH, Heald PW, Bacha P, Nichols J, Liepa A. Quality-of-life improvements in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients treated with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK). Clin Lymphoma. 2002 Mar;2(4):222-8. ",null,"Duvic M, Kuzel TM, Olsen EA, Martin AG, Foss FM, Kim YH, Heald PW, Bacha P, Nichols J, Liepa A."," Quality-of-life improvements in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients treated with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK).","Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) can be associated with painful, pruritic, disfiguring lesions. As part of a multicenter, randomized phase III trial in patients with heavily pretreated advanced and/or recurrent CTCL, the effects of an interleukin-2 receptor-targeted fusion protein, denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2, ONTAK), on patient-rated overall quality of life (QOL), skin appearance, and pruritus severity were evaluated. A total of 71 patients with stage IB-IVA CTCL received intravenous denileukin diftitox 9 microg/kg/day or 18 microg/kg/day over 15-60 minutes for 5 consecutive days on an outpatient basis; cycles were planned for every 21 days for a total of 8 cycles over 6 months. Prior to each treatment cycle, patients were evaluated for disease response and were asked to self-rate their overall QOL via the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire, skin appearance (7-point scale), and pruritus severity (10-cm visual analogue scale). Composite FACT-G and most individual subscale scores (physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well being) in documented responders (n = 21) gradually increased during the study period, generally reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05) by cycle 3, and were significantly (P < or = 0.041) higher than the scores of nonresponders at endpoint. Additionally for responders, assessments of skin severity and pruritus severity showed significant (P < or = 0.05) improvements at study endpoint compared with baseline. Adverse transfusion-related events (eg, hypersensitivity reactions, flu-like syndrome) were common during cycles 1 and 2, and vascular-leak syndrome occurred in 25% of patients. Denileukin diftitox was not associated with any clinically significant myelosuppression. Heavily pretreated patients with advanced and/or recurrent CTCL who responded to denileukin diftitox therapy showed significant improvements in self-rated overall QOL, skin appearance, and pruritus severity."," Clin Lymphoma. 2002 Mar;2(4):222-8. ","USA",2002,"Various","Denileukin",null,"FACT-G",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Various","Denileukin",null,null,"FACT-G","2000:2004"]
[70,"Kilbridge KL, Cole BF, Kirkwood JM, Haluska FG, Atkins MA, Ruckdeschel JC, Sock DE, Nease RF Jr, Weeks JC. Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of high-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b for high-risk melanoma patients using intergroup clinical trial data. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1311-8.",null,"Kilbridge KL, Cole BF, Kirkwood JM, Haluska FG, Atkins MA, Ruckdeschel JC, Sock DE, Nease RF Jr, Weeks JC."," Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of high-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b for high-risk melanoma patients using intergroup clinical trial data.","High-dose adjuvant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha 2b) for high-risk melanoma is a 1-year regimen that improves relapse-free and overall survival but has significant toxicity. A quality-of-life--adjusted survival (QAS) analysis analysis of two cooperative group phase III trials, E1684 and E1690/S9111/C9190, was performed, incorporating patient values (utilities) for the toxicity of IFN alpha 2b treatment and melanoma recurrence. Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity methodology was used with melanoma patient utilities and trial data to estimate the effect of IFN alpha 2b on QAS. The increase or decrease in QAS that patients could expect from treatment was estimated based on their utilities. Eleven utility predictor questions were tested to identify patients with utilities that result in decreased QAS. Using E1684 data, IFN alpha 2b would result in an increase in QAS for all sets of patient utilities. This benefit was significant (P <.05) for 16% of patients. Using E1690/S9111/C9190 data, 77% of patients would experience a benefit in QAS from IFN alpha 2b and 23% would experience a decrease in QAS; neither of these effects was statistically significant. Using utility predictors and the E1690/S9111/C9190 analysis, a decision rule was formulated that helps identify patients in whom IFN alpha 2b may detract from QAS. Most patients experienced improvement in QAS in both trials, but this benefit was statistically significant in only 16% of patients in E1684. Change in QAS depends more on the utility for IFN alpha 2b toxicity than on the utility for melanoma recurrence. Cancer patients probably have higher utilities for IFN alpha 2b toxicity than members of the general population and will tend to favor IFN alpha 2b treatment as a result."," J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1311-8.","USA",2002,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,null,"Unknown","2000:2004"]
[71,"Young AM, Marsden J, Goodman A, Burton A, Dunn JA. Prospective randomized comparison of dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in metastatic melanoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001;13(6):458-65.",null,"Young AM, Marsden J, Goodman A, Burton A, Dunn JA."," Prospective randomized comparison of dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in metastatic melanoma.","Dacarbazine (DTIC) has been the mainstay of chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma for over two decades, but only 15%-20% of patients respond and benefit is usually transient. Randomized studies combining DTIC with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in advanced disease have so far been inconclusive in terms of response and survival. We report a randomized prospective pilot Phase III trial of DTIC +IFN-alpha in patients with metastatic melanoma. The primary endpoint was death. A total of 61 patients were randomized between April 1995 and April 1998. Differences in survival between groups were assessed using log-rank analysis. Quality of life was measured using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30 (+3) questionnaire. Fifty-seven patients died during the study. The median survival for patients receiving DTIC was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-9.0); it was 4.8 months for DTIC + IFN-alpha (95% CI 2.0-8.0). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment arms (chi2 unadjusted = 0.15, P = 0.70; chi2 adjusted = 0.01, P = 0.91). The 6-month survival of those patients randomized to DTIC alone was 58% compared with 40% for those patients randomized to DTIC + IFN-alpha. There were no differences in quality of life between treatment groups. This study failed to demonstrate a survival benefit for patients receiving IFN-alpha in combination with DTIC. These results are inconclusive primarily owing to the small size of the trial. A meta-analysis is required to determine whether there is a role for the addition of IFN-alpha to DTIC in the treatment of this disease."," Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001;13(6):458-65.","UK",2001,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Interferon",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Melanoma","Dacarbazine,Interferon",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36","2000:2004"]
[72,"Bender CM, Yasko JM, Kirkwood JM, Ryan C, Dunbar-Jacob J, Zullo T. Cognitive function and quality of life in interferon therapy for melanoma. Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Aug;9(3):352-63.",null,"Bender CM, Yasko JM, Kirkwood JM, Ryan C, Dunbar-Jacob J, Zullo T."," Cognitive function and quality of life in interferon therapy for melanoma.","The purpose of this pilot study was to describe short- and long-term changes in cognitive function and quality of life in patients with melanoma receiving interferon (IFN) alpha-2b. This study used a three-group, repeated measures design in which cognitive function and quality of life were evaluated prior to initiation of treatment at 3-month intervals during treatment and 3 months following the completion of treatment. The sample consisted of 16 adults with Stage II or III melanoma, randomized to one of three treatment groups. Participants in Arm A received high-dose IFN alpha-2b, those in Arm B received low-dose IFN alpha-2b, and those in Arm C received no therapy (control). No significant changes in cognitive function were detected. In participants in Arm A, there was a significant deterioration in the physical well-being dimension of quality of life from baseline to 3 months after beginning therapy."," Clin Nurs Res. 2000 Aug;9(3):352-63.","USA",2000,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Melanoma","Interferon",null,null,"Unknown","2000:2004"]
[73,"Jaramillo-Ayerbe F. Cryosurgery in difficult to treat basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):223-9. ",null,"Jaramillo-Ayerbe F."," Cryosurgery in difficult to treat basal cell carcinoma.","Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy. Although BCC has a low mortality, it has a large morbidity. Patients frequently present with difficult to treat BCC because of the lesion itself, the condition of the patient, or both. Satisfactory results have been reported in the cryosurgery of low-risk BCC. There is no agreement, however, about indication, cure rate, technical modalities, and results of cryosurgery in tumors larger than 1 cm, in critical locations, and of aggressive histologic type. The purpose of the study was to establish the cure rate, functional preservation, cosmetic results, acceptance, and complications of cryosurgery in difficult to treat BCC. One hundred and thirty six consecutive patients with 171 difficult to treat BCC (because of size, location, nature, or patient condition) were treated by the mixed technique of curettage followed by liquid nitrogen application. After an average follow-up of 5.2 years (6 months to 9.1 years), a cure rate of 91.8% was achieved. The treatment was well tolerated, widely accepted by the patients, of low cost, and with good functional and cosmetic results. Complications were few and minor. Cryosurgery is a well-tolerated therapeutic modality that offers an acceptable cure rate and good functional and cosmetic results in difficult to treat BCC."," Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):223-9. ",null,2000,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,null,null,"Basal cell carcinoma","Other surgery",null,null,"Unknown","2000:2004"]
[74,"Douglass HM, McGee R, Williams S. Are young adults checking their skin for melanoma? Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998 Aug;22(5):562-7.",null,"Douglass HM, McGee R, Williams S."," Are young adults checking their skin for melanoma? Aust N Z J Public Health.","This study examined the prevalence and predictors of self screening for melanoma in a large sample of young New Zealanders. A self-report questionnaire was administered to a sample of 909, 21-year-olds to investigate if young adults check their skin for changes in lesions which could be melanoma, and to identify the factors which influence this behaviour and any subsequent help seeking. Fifty-three per cent reported checking their skin in the past year, with 20% noticing a change in a mole or freckle. Forty-five per cent of those who noticed a change sought medical advice. The most common reason for not seeking advice was cost. Women were more likely that men to have checked their skin, to have noticed a change and to have sought medical advice. In addition to gender, tendency to self check was also associated with knowledge of melanoma and perceived risk of melanoma. These results are discussed in light of the current debate regarding skin cancer screening. This study fills a gap in the literature regarding self screening for melanoma in young adults and identifies ways in which future prevention campaigns might be modified to address the concerns of this age group."," 1998 Aug;22(5):562-7.","New Zealand, UK",1998,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"New Zealand",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","1960:1999"]
[75,"Sigurdardóttir V, Brandberg Y, Sullivan M. Criterion-based validation of the EORTC QLQ-C36 in advanced melanoma: the CIPS questionnaire and proxy raters. Qual Life Res. 1996 Jun;5(3):375-86. ",null,"Sigurdardóttir V, Brandberg Y, Sullivan M."," Criterion-based validation of the EORTC QLQ-C36 in advanced melanoma: the CIPS questionnaire and proxy raters.","An extensive quality of life (QOL) investigation of the effects of chemotherapy in patients with generalized malignant melanoma included a validation study of involved questionnaires. The QOL domains of the three basic quality of life questionnaires, the EORTC QLQ-C36 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire), a study-specific malignant melanoma (MM) module and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale vs. the Cancer Inventory of Problem Situations (CIPS) were validated by correlation analyses. The value of using attending nurses and/or next of kin to assess the patients situation was also examined. Functional and symptom scales of the C36 and the subscales of the HAD showed appropriate convergent and discriminant validity when compared with the CIPS. The subscales of the MM module had less clear relationships, probably due to lack of accordance in the CIPS. Assessments of attending nurses revealed very low correlations with the patients' measures. They underestimated significantly series of specific symptoms and overestimated nausea and the overall quality of life of the patients. However, assessments of close relatives, mostly spouses, showed moderate to high correlations and no significant difference. These results further strengthen the overall validity of the modular approach of the EORTC QLQ technique. In this context of active chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer disease, relatives seem to be better surrogates than the attending nurses in assessing the patients' quality of life."," Qual Life Res. 1996 Jun;5(3):375-86. ","Sweden",1996,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS",null,null,null,"Sweden",null,"Melanoma","Chemotherapy general",null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36,HADS","1960:1999"]
[76,"Upright CA, Salton C, Roberts F, Murphy J. Evaluation of Mesalt dressings and continuous wet saline dressings in ulcerating metastatic skin lesions. Cancer Nurs. 1994 Apr;17(2):149-55.",null,"Upright CA, Salton C, Roberts F, Murphy J."," Evaluation of Mesalt dressings and continuous wet saline dressings in ulcerating metastatic skin lesions.","The care of chronic ulcerating metastatic skin lesions is not well established or supported by research. Because these cancerous lesions may be present for many years, patients and their caregivers are confronted with ongoing dressing care to control and prevent odor, bleeding, drainage, and infection. Eleven patients in this study compared Mesalt dressings (Sancella Incorporated, Oakville, Ontario, Canada) with continuous wet saline dressings using a crossover design. Results indicated that Mesalt dressings received significantly higher ratings when compared with continuous wet saline dressings for ease of application and odor control and were significantly preferred by patients. No significant differences were found for ease of removal and comfort of the dressing. Neither were there any significant differences in the occurrence of clinical infection, number of dressing changes, and time spent for the care of the lesion. Mesalt dressings were more expensive than continuous wet saline dressings, but benefits may outweight the costs."," Cancer Nurs. 1994 Apr;17(2):149-55.","Canada",1994,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"Canada",null,"Any skin cancer","Various",null,null,"Unknown","1960:1999"]
[77,"Robinson JK, Altman JS, Rademaker AW. Socioeconomic status and attitudes of 51 patients with giant basal and squamous cell carcinoma and paired controls. Arch Dermatol. 1995 Apr;131(4):428-31.",null,"Robinson JK, Altman JS, Rademaker AW."," Socioeconomic status and attitudes of 51 patients with giant basal and squamous cell carcinoma and paired controls.","Giant nonmelanoma skin cancers are disfiguring and clearly visible. This prospective study examined tumor characteristics, ie, location, tumor type, duration, and the socioeconomic status and attitudinal characteristics of these patients and their interactions with the medical community. From 1979 through 1993, preoperative questionnaires about age, sex, tumor duration, prior treatment, socioeconomic status, and attitudinal concerns were completed by 51 patients with giant tumors and randomly matched controls. Additional data completed by the physician included tumor type, location, and preoperative clinically apparent diameter of the tumor. Giant tumors were more frequent on the scalp in men. Lower socioeconomic status and infrequent physician visits were characteristic of those with giant lesions. Those with giant lesions were less concerned about their general health, had a greater sense of shame about their appearance, had greater belief that since prior treatment did not help the problem then nothing else would, and had an increased frequency of perceived prior reassurance. Women and those younger than 65 years of both sexes were more concerned about economic costs and/or the time lost from work or caring for others. Health promotion by early detection and treatment of these nonmelanoma skin cancers in elderly men could prevent extensive surgical efforts later in the course of the disease. Skin screening examinations by all physicians and better public awareness of the signs of skin cancer, especially among elderly men, would enhance early detection; however, it is not clear that early detection by physicians enables treatment. Strategies to assist individuals in overcoming their barriers to accessing care need to be provided."," Arch Dermatol. 1995 Apr;131(4):428-31.","USA",1995,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma","None/not clear",null,null,"Unknown","1960:1999"]
[78,"Gross DA, Field LM. Cooperative frozen section surgery. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987 Oct;13(10):1085-8.",null,"Gross DA, Field LM."," Cooperative frozen section surgery.","Utilization of the office setting for frozen section evaluation of tumor removal in the treatment of skin cancer is of considerable value. The impact of such surgery includes (1) enhanced quality of surgery by reducing the possibility of incomplete removal of tumor, (2) decreased financial cost to the patient when compared to hospital treatment, (3) better utilization of the doctor's time and facilities, (4) decreased disruption in the life of the patient and his family in terms of time off from work, surgery schedule flexibility, and a decrease in patient anxiety."," J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987 Oct;13(10):1085-8.","USA",1987,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"USA",null,"Any skin cancer","Other surgery",null,null,"Unknown","1960:1999"]
[79,"Holme SA, Varma S, Chowdhury MM, Roberts DL. Audit of a melanoma screening day in the U.K.: clinical results, participant satisfaction and perceived value. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):784-8. ",null,"Holme SA, Varma S, Chowdhury MM, Roberts DL."," Audit of a melanoma screening day in the U.K.: clinical results, participant satisfaction and perceived value.","The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) has risen significantly over the last 50 years in caucasian populations. Mortality is related to the Breslow thickness of the lesion, and early detection followed by complete surgical excision is crucial to reducing this. Skin screening events have been advocated as a means of detecting greater numbers of MMs in the earlier and thinner stages. To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach in the U.K. The Department of Dermatology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, U.K. offered a 1-day melanoma screening event in summer 1998 at which 832 consecutive individuals were seen. A postal questionnaire 1 year after the event audited participant perceived value and satisfaction. Three MMs were identified (yield 1 : 277), all < 0.75 mm in thickness. Despite high participant satisfaction and perceived value, the pick-up rate of malignancy was significantly lower than at rapid access pigmented lesion clinics. In a country such as the U.K., with comprehensive health coverage and a low incidence of MM, triage for melanoma and referral to specialists by general practitioners may be more cost and time effective.\n"," Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):784-8. ","UK",2001,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,"Unknown",null,null,null,"UK",null,"Melanoma","Screening or surveillance",null,null,"Unknown","2000:2004"]

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[null,null,{"$f":"SelectedTitle","v":"Sobanko JF,Da Silva D,Chiesa Fuxench ZC,Modi B,Shin TM,Etzkorn JR,Samimi SS,Wanat KA,Miller CJ."}]
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[null,null,"Locations",null,null,null,null,null,null,"UK",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Interventions",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other psychological therapies,",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," "]
[null,null,"Diseases",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Any dementia",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null," ",null," ",null,null," "]
[null,null,"PRO tools"]
[null,null,"Sub-populations"]
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[null,null,"Study methodologies"]
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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET($CI$1,0,domainChoice)","v":46},{"$f":"COUNTA(CJ3:CJ513)","v":20},{"$f":"COUNTA(CK3:CK513)","v":22},6,46,0,0,0,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"ADDRESS(2,1,1,1,domainSheet)","v":"protoolCategories!$A$2"},{"$f":"INDIRECT(CU1)","v":"Other"}]
[null,"Toggle age cut-offs",null,null,null,null,null,null,4,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"This year =",{"$f":"YEAR(NOW())","v":2017},null,"Years","Cut","Selected cut state","Start","End",{"$f":"COUNTA(CF3:CF58)","v":5},{"$f":"OFFSET($CI$2,0,domainChoice)","v":"PRO tools"},"Locations","Interventions","Diseases","PRO tools","subPopulations","Study types","Study methodologies",null,null,null,null,"selected categories"]
[null,null,56,null,null,null,null,null,"Other","AKQoL",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1960,false,true,1960,1999,{"$f":"IF(CF3<>\"\",_xlfn.CONCAT(CF3,\":\",CG3),\"\")","v":"1960:1999"},{"$f":"OFFSET($CJ$2,0,ROW()-3)","v":"Locations"},"Australia","Chemotherapy general","Any skin cancer","AKQoL",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET(INDIRECT($CU$1),ROW()-3,0)","v":"Other"}]
[null,"From",null,null,"To",null,null,null,null,"AKQoL",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C1",null,"Locations",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET($BY$5,domainChoice,0)","v":"protoolCategories"},null,null,null,1961,false,null,2000,2004,{"$f":"IF(CF4<>\"\",_xlfn.CONCAT(CF4,\":\",CG4),\"\")","v":"2000:2004"},{"$f":"OFFSET($CJ$2,0,ROW()-3)","v":"Interventions"},"Austria","Cognitive behavioural therapy","Basal cell carcinoma","Aussie-DQI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"OFFSET(INDIRECT($CU$1),ROW()-3,0)","v":"AKQoL"}]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF3=\"\",\"\",CF3)","v":1960},null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG3=\"\",\"\",CG3)","v":1999},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C2",null,"Interventions",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1962,false,"Segment count",2005,2009,"2005:2009","Diseases","Belgium","Dabrafenib","Melanoma","BPI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Aussie-DQI"]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF4=\"\",\"\",CF4)","v":2000},null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG4=\"\",\"\",CG4)","v":2004},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C3",null,"Diseases",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"locationCategories",null,null,null,1963,false,null,2010,2014,"2010:2014","PRO tools","Canada","Dacarbazine","Non-melanoma skin cancer","BSI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"BPI"]
[null,2005,null,null,2009,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C4",null,"Sub-populations",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"interventionCategories",null,null,null,1964,false,null,2015,2017,"2015:2017","subPopulations","Denmark","Denileukin","Squamous cell carcinoma","CSQ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"BSI"]
[null,2010,null,null,2014,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"C5",null,"PRO tools",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"diseaseCategories",null,null,null,1965,false,null,null,null,"","Study types","Finland","Electrochemotherapy","Various","DLQI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"CSQ"]
[null,2015,null,null,2017,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study types",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"protoolCategories",null,null,null,1966,false,null,null,null,"","Study methodologies","Germany","Fotemustine",null,"DQoLS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"DLQI"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study methodologies",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"subpopulationCategories",null,null,null,1967,false,null,null,null,"",null,"India","Imiquimod",null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"DQoLS"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Location categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"studytypeCategories",null,null,null,1968,false,null,null,null,"",null,"International","Immunotherapy",null,"EORTC-QLQ-Melanoma",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-C30/C36"]
[null,{"$f":"IF(CF10=\"\",\"\",CF10)","v":""},null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Intervention categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"studymethodCategories",null,null,null,1969,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Italy","Interferon",null,"EQ-5D",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"EORTC-QLQ-Melanoma"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Disease categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1970,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Japan","Intetumumab",null,"FACT-BR",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"EQ-5D"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sub-populations categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1971,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Netherlands","Laser therapy",null,"FACT-BRM",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FACT-BR"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PRO tool categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1972,false,null,null,null,"",null,"New Zealand","Mohs surgery",null,"FACT-G",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FACT-BRM"]
[null,"",null,null,{"$f":"IF(CG14=\"\",\"\",CG14)","v":""},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study type categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1973,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Norway","None/not clear",null,"FACT-M",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FACT-G"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Study methodology categorised",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1974,false,null,null,null,"",{"$f":"COLUMN()","v":87},"Spain","Other surgery",null,"FSCI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FACT-M"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1975,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Sweden","Photodynamic therapy",null,"GSI",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"FSCI"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1976,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Switzerland","Prevention",null,"Global Health Status",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"GSI"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1977,false,null,null,null,"",null,"Taiwan","Radiofrequency ablation",null,"HADS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Global Health Status"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1978,false,null,null,null,"",null,"UK","Screening or surveillance",null,"HALex",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"HADS"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1979,false,null,null,null,"",null,"USA","Temozolomide",null,"IES",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"HALex"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1980,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,"Trametinib",null,"LCWS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"IES"]
[null,"",22,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1981,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,"Various",null,"MCSDS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"LCWS"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1982,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"McGill QLQ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"MCSDS"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1983,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"PAIS-SR",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"McGill QLQ"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1984,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"POMS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PAIS-SR"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1985,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"POS-HN",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"POMS"]
[null,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1986,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"Patient/ Observer SAS",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"POS-HN"]
[null,"",null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1987,false,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,"QWB-SA",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Patient/ Observer SAS"]
[null,null,null,null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1988,false,null,null,null,{"$f":"IF(CF31<>\"\",_xlfn.CONCAT(CF31,\":\",CG31),\"\")","v":""},null,null,null,null,"RSCL",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"QWB-SA"]
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